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  1.  17
    An Individual-Differences Approach to Poetic Metaphor: Impact of Aptness and Familiarity.Dušan Stamenković, Katarina Milenković, Nicholas Ichien & Keith J. Holyoak - 2023 - Metaphor and Symbol 38 (2):149-161.
    Using poetic metaphors in the Serbian language, we identified systematic variations in the impact of fluid and crystalized intelligence on comprehension of metaphors that varied in rated aptness and familiarity. Overall, comprehension scores were higher for metaphors that were high rather than low in aptness, and high rather than low in familiarity. A measure of crystalized intelligence was a robust predictor of comprehension across the full range of metaphors, but especially for those that were either relatively unfamiliar or more apt. (...)
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  2.  27
    Probabilistic analogical mapping with semantic relation networks.Hongjing Lu, Nicholas Ichien & Keith J. Holyoak - 2022 - Psychological Review 129 (5):1078-1103.
  3.  27
    Individual Differences in Comprehension of Contextualized Metaphors.Dušan Stamenković, Nicholas Ichien & Keith J. Holyoak - 2020 - Metaphor and Symbol 35 (4):285-301.
    We report a study examining the role of linguistic context in modulating the influences of individual differences in fluid and crystalized intelligence on comprehension of literary metaphors. Three conditions were compared: no context, metaphor-congruent context, and literal-congruent context. Relative to the baseline no-context condition, the metaphor-congruent context facilitated comprehension of the metaphorical meaning whereas the literal-congruent context impaired it. Measures of fluid and crystalized intelligence both made separable contributions to predicting metaphor comprehension. The metaphor-congruent context selectively increased the contribution of (...)
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  4.  29
    Causal actions enhance perception of continuous body movements.Yujia Peng, Nicholas Ichien & Hongjing Lu - 2020 - Cognition 194 (C):104060.
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  5.  8
    Large Language Model Displays Emergent Ability to Interpret Novel Literary Metaphors.Nicholas Ichien, Dušan Stamenković & Keith J. Holyoak - 2024 - Metaphor and Symbol 39 (4):296-309.
    Despite the exceptional performance of large language models (LLMs) on a wide range of tasks involving natural language processing and reasoning, there has been sharp disagreement as to whether their abilities extend to more creative human abilities. A core example is the interpretation of novel metaphors. Here we assessed the ability of GPT-4, a state-of-the-art large language model, to provide natural-language interpretations of a recent AI benchmark (Fig-QA dataset), novel literary metaphors drawn from Serbian poetry and translated into English, and (...)
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  6.  24
    Two Computational Approaches to Visual Analogy: Task‐Specific Models Versus Domain‐General Mapping.Nicholas Ichien, Qing Liu, Shuhao Fu, Keith J. Holyoak, Alan L. Yuille & Hongjing Lu - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (9):e13347.
    Advances in artificial intelligence have raised a basic question about human intelligence: Is human reasoning best emulated by applying task‐specific knowledge acquired from a wealth of prior experience, or is it based on the domain‐general manipulation and comparison of mental representations? We address this question for the case of visual analogical reasoning. Using realistic images of familiar three‐dimensional objects (cars and their parts), we systematically manipulated viewpoints, part relations, and entity properties in visual analogy problems. We compared human performance to (...)
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