As argued above, if we examine each "form of knowledge" within a modern historical context, it seems that we can see a sequentially transformational and coincident historical line that links the material, then the institutional, and then the cultural, while maintaining the sequential development of the linked trends from beginning to end. Even a summary of Lin Yusheng's hypothesis is a continuation of the "mind's" function orientation. This framework, however, must still answer the following question: In the process whereby "forms (...) of knowledge" become intimately connected with transformational events or time sequencing, do they appear in the form of a totalitarian theoretical model, or do they exert their influence in the form of the dispersed role of a discourse? More concretely, in the case of China: When the traditional "forms of knowledge" of modern Chinese intellectuals—for example, the methodology and behavior within the "thought discourses" of the Confucian School—faced the challenge of the West, did they use "a comprehensive theory" to undertake self-adjustment? Michel Foucault raised a query about the role of totalitarian discourse in saying: "At the beginning of any research I expressed a query about these long-established ‘unified’ models. Traditionally, according to these ‘unified’ models we differentiate infinite, repetitive and fecund territories within the discourse. Must we necessarily, on these ‘unities’ which actually are not unities, pile up yet another even more obscure and even more controversial ‘unitary’ model?". (shrink)

This book deals with the way in which certain "forms of knowledge" evolved in modern Chinese history and how they interacted with the mainstream intellectual and social environment. But the book is not merely about the serialization methodologies that have been used to produce history from the thought of historical personalities. First, the question of "epistemology" is set out: Does the development of "knowledge" coincide completely with the chronological serialization of historical facts? Alternatively, is it possible that the development of (...) "knowledge" itself merely derives its own meaning from within a comparatively self-sufficient and closed discourse, alienated from genuine serialization of historical facts? (shrink)

EDITOR’S ABSTRACTYang proposes to marry the many insights procured by New Qing History to the idea of “Hua-ization,” the alternative to the sinicization thesis, by internalizing the multidirectional blending of ethnic communities. This proposed third path would combine and integrate valuable insights from both the old Qing history and New Qing History schools.

The research concept of the "regionalization of Confucianism" has been extracted as an "ideal type." It can be summarized approximately under the dual aspects of premodern intellectuals as "using the Way to oppose power" and "using the Way to supplement power." At the same time, the process of the "regionalization of Confucian learning" was complete. This created positions for spatially mobile intellectuals both within the professional bureaucratic class and in the class of popular gentry scholars . Thus relief is provided (...) for the worrying situation of the split between the "transmission of the Way" and the "transmission of control" that has been a perplexing matter since pre-Qin times. (shrink)

Most scholars are fond of using the appellation "gentry scholar" as an allinclusive term for "intellectuals" in ancient China. In relation to the socially stipulated role of the "gentry-scholar" stratum there are currently many different theories worthy of consultation. The following two are fairly representative. One has its foundations in the explanation of the concept of modern Western intellectuals, which can be compared with the spiritual evolution of the "gentry-scholar" stratum, "reacting against power with the Way," stressing the transcendent side (...) of the "transmission of the Way," and basically leaving their link with the ideology of imperial power untouched upon. We have already explained this type of concept above. The second theory analyzes the functional evolution of the "gentry-scholar" stratum from the viewpoint of social differentiation. It holds that there has been a transformational process whereby the status of the "gentry scholar" has moved from that of a formal clan member or person of noble rank, to one emphasizing the art of the "Way." Following the perfection of the bureaucratic system, the "gentry scholar" emerged in the dual interactive roles of "popular officer" and "Confucian scholar" .36 This theory borrows from certain concepts in sociology that stress the functional evolutionary aspect of the intellectual and do not focus on the problem of the "gentry-scholar" stratum protecting its own "transmission of the Way" and manufacturing an ideology of imperial power. (shrink)

As stated above, the process of the regionalization of Confucianism was symbolically raising the banner of unofficial Confucian schools in a regionally dispersed situation. This resulted in a refreshing contrast to the unified characteristics of Han Confucianism. The consolidation of a position of united imperial authority during the Han had led to Confucian discourse becoming official ideology, with wandering Confucians being absorbed into the political center of gravity, and the use of a single authority to solve any given question. An (...) examination of this process from the viewpoint of spatial and geographical distribution, demonstrates that the process of transmission was from a "wider area" to a "single place" . During the Han the cultural focus was concentrated in northern regions such as Qi, Lu, Liang [this is the state Wei—Ed.], and Song. Their locations were mutually overlapping with the political centers of gravity. At the same time, the cultural focus was invariably in the regions where Confucian activities were most concentrated. This was coterminous with the territorial limitations of the domination of the Han. A question emerges therefrom: with the post-Han south-north cultural migration, did the mutual interaction between the political and cultural centers have a defining influence on the spatial composition of the stratum of Confucian scholars? (shrink)

If we are to correctly understand the evolutionary transmission of different models of Confucian learning as a historical discourse, we must make a careful analysis of the compositional foundations of this concept of "intellectual," which is the major theme in the discursive narrative.

本书包括《五诰解》和《慈湖诗传(卷一至卷十)》两部分,其中《五诰解》选取《周书》中的《康诰》《酒诰》《梓材》《召诰》《洛诰》五篇进行的解释。《慈湖诗传(卷一至卷十)》则是对《诗》三百篇的解释.

Career sustainability is a well-researched issue in academics and other sectors. Technology advancements and COVID-19 have jeopardized career sustainability. Numerous studies have explored the influence of individual characteristics on career sustainability, but few have focused on leadership. In addition, cultural factors must be considered because leadership is rooted in culture. In particular, inclusive leadership reflects traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, based on self-determination social exchange theories, we analyzed the effects of inclusive leadership on career sustainability as well as the roles of (...) thriving at work and supervisor developmental feedback in career sustainability. In total, 363 samples were collected from China. The results revealed that inclusive leadership improves career sustainability through SDF and thriving at work. Theoretically, our study fills the research gap and establishes a mechanism and theoretical framework for inclusive leadership and career sustainability. Practically, we offer guidance for enterprises to cultivate inclusive leadership and improve career sustainability. (shrink)

Employee innovation is the cornerstone of the organization, and the motivation for employee innovative behavior largely depends on the leadership style of the leader. With the economic development of society, the traditional authoritative style of leadership can no longer adapt to the psychological characteristics of employees, who use new-era work concepts, techniques, and social rules (hereafter, new generation workers). Inclusive leadership is based on the concept of “fully inclusive and equitable” in traditional Chinese culture, and it can adapt to the (...) independent needs of new generation employees. At present, the research on the relationship between the traditional leadership style and employee innovative behavior is relatively extensive, but there is little research on the relationship between inclusive leadership style and employee innovative behavior, and this needs further exploration. This paper takes new generation employees as the sample and uses psychological capital as an intermediary variable to explore the influence of inclusive leadership style on the innovative behaviors of new generation employees. We found that inclusive leadership is significantly and positively related to new generation employees’ innovative behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

Relationships between children and parents pervade the Star Wars saga, especially if people include surrogate parents. Anakin's relationship with his mother, Shmi, in the prequels impacts his trajectory toward the dark side. In The Mandalorian, Mando's role as a surrogate father to Grogu transforms them into a “Clan of Two”. But the most significant parent‐child relationship in the saga may be the one between Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader. Confucius's teachings highlight the importance of benevolence, social order, and ritual propriety (...) among other virtues and values. This chapter shows that understanding Luke's surrender to Vader in terms of Confucian filial piety makes sense of how Luke is able to overcome the allure of the dark side and become a Jedi. Confucius's Analects has a moral framework called “exemplarism”. This is the idea that moral knowledge and practice do not start with principles, rules, duties, consequences, or character traits. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Another Intentionality Another Temporality Another Subjectivity From the View of Confucianism Endnotes.

Guang Yangs Arbeit nimmt die zentrale Frage des heideggerschen Denkens nach dem Wesen des Logos und der Sprache wieder auf, verbindet sie aber mit dem Begriff der Dynamis. So erweist sich der Logos als diejenige Kraft, die zwischen Bewegung und Ruhe vermitteln und damit die Bewegtheit des Seins in sich versammeln kann. Mit dieser in sich gesammelten Kraft hängt auch das Phänomen der Ruhe zusammen, welches die Bewegung auffängt und entsprechend aufgewertet werden muss. Dieser in der Heidegger-Forschung selten beachtete Gedanke (...) der Ruhe deutet auf die privative Dimension des Seins hin, die auch bei Phänomenen wie räumlicher Leere und der Stille zum Tragen kommt und dabei nicht negativ zu fassen ist. In dieser Untersuchung wird zudem - mit und gegen Heidegger - der Möglichkeitscharakter des Seins hervorgehoben, der nicht allein in der vollzugshaften Bewegung aufgeht. (shrink)

Yan Yuan (1635-1704) has long been a controversial figure in the study of Chinese intellectual and cultural history. Although marginalized in his own time largely due to his radical attack on Zhu Xi (1130-1200), Yan became elevated as a great thinker during the early twentieth century because of the drastic changes of modern Chinese intellectual climate. In Body, Ritual and Identity : A New Interpretation of the Early Qing Confucian Yan Yuan (1635-1704), Yang Jui-sung has demonstrated that the complexity (...) of Yan's ideas and his hatred for Zhu Xi in particular need be interpreted in light of his traumatic life experiences, his frustration over the fall of the Ming dynasty, and anxiety caused by the civil service examination system. Moreover, he should be better understood as a cultural critic of the lifestyle of educated elites of late imperial China. By critically analyzing Yan's changing intellectual status and his criticism that the elite lifestyle was unhealthy and feminine, this new interpretation of Yan Yuan serves to shed new light on our understanding of the features as well as problems of educated elite culture in late imperial China"--Provided by publisher. (shrink)

The analysis of elite sport policy changes at the provincial level remains relatively uncharted territory despite the substantial contributions of provincial-level elite sport to national elite sport success. Data were gathered from semistructured face-to-face interviews and official and semiofficial documents. The key findings were that Guangdong, as a provincial compatriot of Shanghai, has made tremendous efforts and obtained notable achievements in professional football and thus serves as a powerful stimulant for policy reform regarding elite sports in Shanghai; the policy stream (...) has been strengthened by knowledge-based communities at the Shanghai University of Sports that can examine cause and effect relationships and further propose specific policies; and the general director of the Shanghai Administration of Sports plays a central role in advocating for policy proposals. The current research offers practical insights into strategies for reviewing policy trajectories to enhance policy design and implementation. (shrink)

In the traditional system of Chinese families, individuals are embedded in the institution of the family with defined obligations to enhance family development. As a consequence of the male-biased sex ratio at birth in China since the 1980s, an increasing number of surplus rural males have been affected by a marriage squeeze becoming involuntary bachelors. Under China’s universal heterosexual marriage tradition, family development of rural involuntary bachelors has largely been ignored, but in China’s gender-imbalanced society, it is necessary to adopt (...) a family-based approach to identify and study the plight of rural involuntary bachelors. Studies on gender imbalance indicate that these men face multiple risks from the perspectives of their life course, the family life cycle, and the family ethic. To a certain extent, these risks are caused by a conflict between the individual’s family life and family ethics and are mainly reflected in problems concerning marriage, health, and old-age support. Not only do these vulnerabilities affect the individual and family development across the whole life cycle but also pose major risks to social development in the face of strong gender imbalance. In order to deal with risks faced by rural involuntary bachelors, core ethical principles, including autonomy, beneficence, and justice, need to be adopted. Through adjustments to informal support provided by the family and formal support provided by policy-makers, risk of uncertainty in family development faced by rural involuntary bachelors could be reduced. (shrink)