This paper aims to articulate the theories of Martin Buber (Philosophical Anthropology) and Donald Wood Winnicott (Psychoanalysis) as they help us understand the world of infancy. In dialogue with these two authors, we come to understand that the ontological principle of the human being is the relationship as a mark of existence. Based on this principle, the concepts “relationship,” “subtlety,” “reciprocity” and “bond” are introduced in order to explore the relational dimension of the interactions between infants and adults in both (...) educational and research contexts. Our text develops these four concepts and explores the part they play in the encounter between adults and infants, on the understanding that the latter is based on the effort to recognize each other as persons. We argue that for adults, the fundamental impulse toward infancy is to share the world through inviting their participation–an invitation in response to which babies launch themselves with the tenacity and impetus of an inaugural movement. The theoretical confluence of Winnicott's psychoanalysis and Buber's philosophical anthropology results in confirming that infants are intrinsically relational persons, and as such, these two thinkers’ relational ontology has much to contribute to studies in infant education in particular and in the Human Sciences in general. (shrink)

Periodismo Cívico es una corriente iniciada a comienzos de los años noventa con el fin de recuperar la confianza del público en las instituciones. La propuesta, en esencia, consiste en otorgar a los medios de comunicación un papel importante en la contribución a la creación de una "opinión pública de calidad", con el fin de que, en un proceso que llaman de "juicio público", se logre una conversación en la que todos participen en igualdad de condiciones. La fundamentación teórica de (...) esta corriente se sitúa en el cruce del debate entre comunitaristas y liberales. De los primeros toman lo que se refiere a su concepción de comunidad, valores comunitarios, bien público, institución, participación y esfera pública y privada. De los segundos toman su idea de deliberación, diálogo público, ciudadanía y objetividad. El presente artículo analiza el significado de esa propuesta respecto a los dos conceptos que ocupan la atención de este número monográfico, la opinión pública y la democracia (deliberativa). (shrink)

This paper examines the international information technology (IT) sourcing decision from an ethical perspective. The internationalsourcing of IT activities, termed IT offshoring in this paper, has received considerable attention recently. Differing views on IT offshoring prevail, ranging from the protection view that IT offshoring steals jobs away from the domestic economy, to the market view that it creates jobs and improves the overall global economy through market efficiencies. Despite the large amount of material devoted to managing and evaluating the practice (...) of IT offshoring, the ethical issues surrounding the decision has received little attention. This paper seeks to address that need, examining the IT offshoring decision through the application of a series of ethical frameworks. Several normative theories of ethics, including stockholder theory, stakeholder theory, social contract theory, utilitarianism, and a Kantian’ categorical imperative framework, are employed to gain insights into the ethical aspects of this practice. Our resulting framework represents an early attempt to examine the ethics of the IT offshoring and provides managers with practical guidelines and insights when addressing the IT offshoring decision. (shrink)

Los canales de YouTube, Alanna y WITCHYSOFFIE, enseñan al espectador sobre hechicería y tradiciones paganas. Estas se oponen a la estigmatización, el tótem patriarcal y los tabúes religiosos generados por la Inquisición los cuales aún son mantenidos por una parte de la sociedad actual. La magia de varios grupos wiccanos se encamina hacia la espiritualidad y alabanza de un Dios creador, algo semejante con la filosofía católica. De igual forma, su estudio por la naturaleza y su aplicación en rituales se (...) enfocan en el autoconocimiento y la conexión con el universo. Los factores como la globalización y modernización actúan de manera crucial en las impresiones colectivas que se tiene sobre la brujería. (shrink)

The data analyzed in this paper are part of the results described in Bueno et al. (2000). Three cytogenetics endpoints were analyzed in three populations of a species of wild rodent – Akodon montensis – living in an industrial, an agricultural, and a preservation area at the Itajaí Valley, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The polychromatic/normochromatic ratio, the mitotic index, and the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocites were used in an attempt to establish a genotoxic profile of each area. It (...) was assumed that the three populations were in the same conditions with respect to the influence of confounding factors such as animal age, health, nutrition status, presence of pathogens, and intra- and inter-populational genetic variability. Therefore, any differences found in the endpoints analyzed could be attributed to the external agents present in each area. The statistical models used in this paper are mixtures of negative-binomials and Poisson variables. The Poisson variables are used as approximations of binomials for rare events. The mixing distributions are beta densities. The statistical analyzes are under the bayesian perspective, as opposed to the frequentist ones often considered in the literature, as for instance in Bueno et al. (2000). (shrink)

Desde seu início, em 2020, a pandemia da Covid-19 acarretou diversos desafios no cotidiano. No campo da educação não foi diferente, pois os educadores precisaram repensar concepções mais amplas da formação continuada. Nesse contexto, o estudo procura analisar os desafios e as possibilidades para a formação continuada de profissionais da educação na perspectiva da autorreflexão colaborativo-crítica. Para isso, fundamenta-se na teoria de Jürgen Habermas por meio de duas concepções: a racionalidade comunicativa e a mediação teoria e práxis. Nesse processo, tomamos (...) os argumentos dos profissionais participantes de grupo de estudo-reflexão a partir de suas demandas, dos processos de aprendizagem e das ações de mudanças. Ações e análises dialogam e sustentam-se entre os referenciais teórico-metodológicos embasando os processos, contemplando a aplicação da espiral autorreflexiva de observação, planejamento, ação e reflexão e o delineamento e teorização das funções mediadoras na relação teoria e prática, quais sejam: elaboração/formação dos teoremas críticos; organização dos processos de conscientização e aprendizagem; e a condução da luta política, seleção das estratégias apropriadas e solução de questões táticas, sendo essas categorias o modo como se organizaram os dados. Como resultados observamos novas possibilidades para formação continuada abarcando mais formandos e ampliando a colaboração entre pesquisadores, além da intenção dos formandos/cursistas de mudar ou transformar suas práticas em ações efetivas em seus lócus de atuação. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um diálogo entre a literatura que perpassa a temática entre os filósofos Jürgen Habermas e Immanuel Kant, e suas contribuições para pensarmos o campo da Educação. Caracteriza-se por um estudo bibliográfico, fundamentado na análise e interpretação da temática proposta. Aponta-se algumas aproximações relevantes da perspectiva habermasiana e o pensamento kantiano, sobretudo no que diz respeito a conceitos básicos como emancipação e conhecimento, apropriando-se dos sentidos e interpretações discutidas nas obras bibliográficas elencadas. A partir do (...) diálogo exposto, compreende-se as contribuições dos pressupostos comunicativos no campo educacional, na área de formação continuada de profissionais da educação, conduzindo assim a uma justiça social expressa por processos de ensino-aprendizagem, garantindo o preparo de profissionais da educação fundamentada na concepção de um professor reflexivo, pesquisador e que aprende com o coletivo, visando o atendimento às necessidades de seus estudantes. (shrink)

A obra em questão, Favor fechar os olhos: em busca de um outro tempo, de Byung-Chul Han, nascido na Coreia e radicado na Alemanha, onde é professor de Filosofia e Estudos Culturais na Universidade de Berlim, se trata de uma reflexão filosófica acerca das questões que envolvem o paradigma digital contemporâneo atrelado à problemática do tempo, e, mais propriamente, acerca do ato natural de fechar os olhos ante a coação permanente pelo visual, pela vigilância. O ensaio de Byung-Chul Han está (...) dividido em cinco capítulos, os quais poderíamos nominar de cinco tempos: O tempo do silêncio, O tempo bom, O tempo da festa, O tempo do outro e Em um tempo inoportuno; à partida se pode observar os títulos como uma espécie de ideia reguladora, ou seja, como uma dimensão de alteridade, de algum modo, inspirada em um pensamento ético como o de Emmanuel Lévinas. Nesta resenha crítica, procuramos esboçar reflexões possíveis advindas desse trabalho. Data de registro: 07/04/2022 Data de aceite: 27/10/2022. (shrink)

ABSTRACT During the current COVID-19 pandemic, we are experiencing physical viruses infecting our bodies, virtual viruses infecting our computers, and symbolic viruses infecting our thinking. This essay takes up each of these interruptions in a collective attempt to better understand how we are rhetorically and where we might go politically from here.

Research on spatial thinking requires reliable and valid measures of individual differences in various component skills. Spatial perspective taking (PT)—the ability to represent viewpoints different from one's own—is one kind of spatial skill that is especially relevant to navigation. This study had two goals. First, the psychometric properties of four PT tests were examined: Four Mountains Task (FMT), Spatial Orientation Task (SOT), Perspective-Taking Task for Adults (PTT-A), and Photographic Perspective-Taking Task (PPTT). Using item response theory (IRT), item difficulty, discriminability, and (...) efficiency of item information functions were evaluated. Second, the relation of PT scores to general intelligence, working memory, and mental rotation (MR) was assessed. All tasks showed good construct validity except for FMT. PPTT tapped a wide range of PT ability, with maximum measurement precision at average ability. PTT-A captured a lower range of ability. Although SOT contributed less measurement information than other tasks, it did well across a wide range of PT ability. After controlling for general intelligence and working memory, original and IRT-refined versions of PT tasks were each related to MR. PTT-A and PPTT showed relatively more divergent validity from MR than SOT. Tests of dimensionality indicated that PT tasks share one common PT dimension, with secondary task-specific factors also impacting the measurement of individual differences in performance. Advantages and disadvantages of a hybrid PT test that includes a combination of items across tasks are discussed. (shrink)

Research on spatial thinking requires reliable and valid measures of individual differences in various component skills. Spatial perspective taking (PT)—the ability to represent viewpoints different from one's own—is one kind of spatial skill that is especially relevant to navigation. This study had two goals. First, the psychometric properties of four PT tests were examined: Four Mountains Task (FMT), Spatial Orientation Task (SOT), Perspective-Taking Task for Adults (PTT-A), and Photographic Perspective-Taking Task (PPTT). Using item response theory (IRT), item difficulty, discriminability, and (...) efficiency of item information functions were evaluated. Second, the relation of PT scores to general intelligence, working memory, and mental rotation (MR) was assessed. All tasks showed good construct validity except for FMT. PPTT tapped a wide range of PT ability, with maximum measurement precision at average ability. PTT-A captured a lower range of ability. Although SOT contributed less measurement information than other tasks, it did well across a wide range of PT ability. After controlling for general intelligence and working memory, original and IRT-refined versions of PT tasks were each related to MR. PTT-A and PPTT showed relatively more divergent validity from MR than SOT. Tests of dimensionality indicated that PT tasks share one common PT dimension, with secondary task-specific factors also impacting the measurement of individual differences in performance. Advantages and disadvantages of a hybrid PT test that includes a combination of items across tasks are discussed. (shrink)

Os Espaços Discursivos, fundamentados nos conceitos da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas, possibilita por vias democráticas, debates sobre formação, gestão e inclusão escolar no âmbito das Redes de colaboração estabelecidas entre a universidade, as redes de ensino municipais, estadual e com Instituições de Ensino Superior de países lusófonos; pela via do projeto de pesquisa e extensão. Busca-se compreender o Espaço discursivo como espaço de participação entre sujeitos que mediante o discurso, apresentam argumentos para elaboração de consensos e fortalecimento (...) do entendimento mútuo, no sentido de captar os movimentos vivenciados por pesquisadores e participantes de processos de pesquisa realizados pela via da pesquisa-ação ou investigação-ação; e ainda fomentar a elaboração de espaços formativos colaborativos na defesa da formação humana na perspectiva da inclusão. Optamos por empregar a pesquisa-ação colaborativo-crítica de cunho qualitativo, para entender como os Espaços Discursivos vêm se configurando no contexto do grupo de pesquisa. Nesse processo inicial de pesquisa, tomamos os argumentos dos participantes nos momentos de constituição da compreensão sobre Espaços Discursivos, nos planejamentos e realização deles. Participaram duas redes municipais de ensino, sendo envolvidos gestores (municipais), estudantes e professores (graduação e pós-graduação), sendo tematizadas a formação, as políticas públicas, a gestão e a pesquisa-ação. É urgente o desafio de aprofundarmos sobre esses processos e é um enorme desafio instaurar a cultura da sustentabilidade da vida, ou seja, promover uma releitura de mundo onde a vida em todas suas relações e contradições seja centralidade. (shrink)

A comunicação científica divulgada pela CompleXitas carrega nas camadas de seu campo semântico os significados de Renovar-se e Germinar. No âmbito gramatical os signos apostos neste editorial são sintaticamente delineados como verbos. Estes fundamentos estão presentes no volume 6/1/2022 na ação de manter o periódico como um dos canais de divulgação nos horizontes da Interdisciplinaridade, Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica. Além de agir é necessária a vida humana avaliar o percurso existencial para manter o curso da vida justa e boa a todos; (...) igualmente, em um periódico científico a avaliação favorece parâmetros para manter as premissas que o sustentam e atualizar os suportes. Estes preceitos permeiam o intervalo ocorrido entre as publicações. (shrink)

A comunicação científica divulgada pela CompleXitas carrega nas camadas de seu campo semântico os significados de Renovar-se e Germinar. No âmbito gramatical os signos apostos neste editorial são sintaticamente delineados como verbos. Estes fundamentos estão presentes no volume 6/1/2022 na ação de manter o periódico como um dos canais de divulgação nos horizontes da Interdisciplinaridade, Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica. Além de agir é necessária a vida humana avaliar o percurso existencial para manter o curso da vida justa e boa a todos; (...) igualmente, em um periódico científico a avaliação favorece parâmetros para manter as premissas que o sustentam e atualizar os suportes. Estes preceitos permeiam o intervalo ocorrido entre as publicações. (shrink)

O diálogo, a dialogia, o dialogismo, a dialogicidade são termos recorrentes em inúmeras teorias. São orientadores de práticas pedagógicas que buscam uma educação transformadora. Neste artigo faz-se uma reflexão sobre esses termos a partir de quatro teóricos: Martin Buber, Mikhail Bakhtin e Paulo Freire. A tarefa principal é analisar em obras destes filósofos as semelhanças e diferenças. A questão que nos interessa focalizar refere-se à suposição de que há uma convergência entre esses autores. Nessa direção, o investimento na pesquisa desses (...) autores tem uma dimensão, a um só tempo, introspectiva, já que permite detectar, nas obras dos quatro filósofos, semelhanças e diferenças a respeito das concepções sobre o diálogo, quanto prospectiva, uma vez que abre espaço para a sugestão de indicativos para uma prática que atenda aos desejos de uma educação de qualidade, transformadora de realidades opressivas. Palavras-chave : Diálogo. Dialogismo. Dialogicidade. (shrink)

Christmas gives us that 'sweet little Jesus Boy' and Lent follows that with the 'gentle Jesus, meek and mild.' He was neither of those. In point of fact, he was the 'tough guy from Nazareth.' He was consistently abrasive, if not abusive, to his mother (Lk 2:49; Jn 2:4; Mt 12:48) and aggressively hard on males, particularly those in authority. In Mark 8 he cursed and damned Peter for failing to get Jesus' esoteric definition of Messiah correct. Nobody else (...) understood it either. Jesus had made it up himself and not adequately explained it to anybody until then. He called the religious authorities snakes, corrupt tombs, filthy chinaware, fakes, and Mosaic legalists who had forgotten God's real revelation of universal grace and salvation in the Abraham Covenant. He tore up the temple in the middle of a worship service and cursed those present for turning God's house of prayer into a den of thieves, when actually they were kind, helping out-of-town tourists obtain the proper sacrifices for the liturgical rituals. Jesus was persistently aggressive, often angry and not infrequently irrational, killing an innocent fig tree with his curse, for example. He constantly attacked the Pharisees and their proposals for renewing the spiritual vitality of the Jewish Community. He abused numerous people by healing them on the Sabbath just to make his political point against the religious leaders. He could just as well have healed them on Tuesday, if he really wanted to heal them. By healing the blind man in John 9 on the Sabbath, for example, he caused the man to be driven out of his synagogue, his family, and his community of faith; isolated and abandoned as if he were a leper. Even when he said surprising things about children, his focus was not on the children but on his disciples, using the children as tools for making an assertive teaching point. Jesus' life was one of perpetually aggressive claims for his vision of God's reign. He constantly and intentionally provoked conflict and disruption of the status quo, spiritually and politically. He refused to negotiate, compromise, palliate, or mollify his insistence upon keeping his elbow perpetually in the eye of the people in power. In all this he would not back down. The principle by which Jesus operated was absolute and that is why he did not back down, even though they killed him for this very reason. His principle was simply that the renewal of Jewish spirituality could only come from a return to the Abrahamic Covenant, which declared (Gn 12; Rm 8) that God is gracious and universally forgiving towards all humankind, unconditional to our conduct and behaviour, and radically in that it removes all fear, guilt, and shame from the equation of our relationship with God (Mi 7:18-20). He saw that the Pharisees and Scribes were absolutely wrong in assuming that the Mosaic legal system would renew the Jewish relationship with God. He was not the gentle Jesus, meek and mild. He was that tough guy from Nazareth! He had good reason and he was willing to go the distance for what he stood for, even to death on the cross. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Goal and Scope of the Argument The Concept of a Miracle Textual Assumptions Background Facts: Death and Burial The Salient Facts: W, D, and P Probabilistic Cumulative Case Arguments: Nature and Structure The Testimony of the Women: Bayes Factor Analysis The Testimony of the Disciples: Bayes Factor Analysis The Conversion of Paul: Bayes Factor Analysis The Collective Force of the Salient Facts Independence Hume's Maxim and Worldview Worries Plantinga's Principle of Dwindling Probabilities Knavery, Folly, (...) and the Love of Wonder Conclusion References. (shrink)

While one strand of ramified natural theology focuses on direct evidence for mira­cles, another avenue to investigate is the argument from prophecy. Events that appear to fulfill prophecy may not be miraculous in themselves, but they can provide confirmation, even substantial confirmation, for a supernatural hypothesis. I examine the details of a small set of passages from the Old Testament and evaluate the probabilistic impact of the occurrence of events surrounding the death of Jesus of Nazareth that appear to (...) fulfill these prophecies. The hypothesis under consideration is M—that Jesus of Nazareth was the prophesied Messiah. Using Psalm 22 and Isaiah 53, historical evidence concerning the death of Jesus, and background evidence concerning Roman and Jewish history and culture, I estimate a cumulative Bayes factor of 2.5 × 107 in favor of M from the fact of Jesus’s crucifixion and four further details concerning his death. Independent confirmation of M is pertinent to the prior probability of miraculous claims such as the claim that Jesus rose from the dead. The examination of Jesus’s putative fulfillment of prophecy thus is an example of an objective treatment of the religious context of a miracle which makes a given putative miracle something other than an isolated and arbitrary wonder. (shrink)