Results for 'Molecular biology'

980 found
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  1. Molecular biology and the unity of science.Harold Kincaid - 1990 - Philosophy of Science 57 (4):575-593.
    Advances in molecular biology have generally been taken to support the claim that biology is reducible to chemistry. I argue against that claim by looking in detail at a number of central results from molecular biology and showing that none of them supports reduction because (1) their basic predicates have multiple realizations, (2) their chemical realization is context-sensitive and (3) their explanations often presuppose biological facts rather than eliminate them. I then consider the heuristic and (...)
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  2.  90
    Institutionalizing molecular biology in post-war Europe: a comparative study.Bruno J. Strasser - 2002 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 33 (3):515-546.
    The intellectual origins of molecular biology are usually traced back to the 1930s. By contrast, molecular biology acquired a social reality only around 1960. To understand how it came to designate a community of researchers and a professional identity, I examine the creation of the first institutes of molecular biology, which took place around 1960, in four European countries: Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Switzerland. This paper shows how the creation of these institutes (...)
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  3.  28
    Molecular Biology Meets Logic: Context-Sensitiveness in Focus.Giovanni Boniolo, Marcello D’Agostino, Mario Piazza & Gabriele Pulcini - 2021 - Foundations of Science 28 (1):307-325.
    Some real life processes, including molecular ones, are context-sensitive, in the sense that their outcome depends on side conditions that are most of the times difficult, or impossible, to express fully in advance. In this paper, we survey and discuss a logical account of context-sensitiveness in molecular processes, based on a kind of non-classical logic. This account also allows us to revisit the relationship between logic and philosophy of science (and philosophy of biology, in particular).
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  4. Institutionalizing molecular biology in post-war europe: A comparative study.J. B. - 2002 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 33 (3):515-546.
    The intellectual origins of molecular biology are usually traced back to the 1930s. By contrast, molecular biology acquired a social reality only around 1960. To understand how it came to designate a community of researchers and a professional identity, I examine the creation of the first institutes of molecular biology, which took place around 1960, in four European countries: Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Switzerland. This paper shows how the creation of these institutes (...)
     
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  5. (1 other version)Data science and molecular biology: prediction and mechanistic explanation.Ezequiel López-Rubio & Emanuele Ratti - 2019 - Synthese (4):1-26.
    In the last few years, biologists and computer scientists have claimed that the introduction of data science techniques in molecular biology has changed the characteristics and the aims of typical outputs (i.e. models) of such a discipline. In this paper we will critically examine this claim. First, we identify the received view on models and their aims in molecular biology. Models in molecular biology are mechanistic and explanatory. Next, we identify the scope and aims (...)
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  6.  39
    Molecular-biological machines: a defense.Arnon Levy - 2023 - Biology and Philosophy 38 (5):1-19.
    I offer a defense, albeit a qualified one, of machine analogies in biology, focusing on molecular contexts. The defense is rooted in my prior work (Levy in Philosopher’s Imprint 14(6), 2014), which construes the machine machine-likeness of a system as a matter of the extent to which it exhibits an internal division of labor. A concrete aim is to shore up the notion of molecular biological machines, paying special attention to processive molecular motors, such as Kinesin. (...)
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  7.  20
    Molecular biology of blood coagulation disorders.Ian R. Peake - 1985 - Bioessays 2 (3):110-113.
    Current research into the molecular biology of blood‐clotting factors suggests that the basis of inherited bleeding disorders may soon be understood. In addition, the expression of cloned genes for the factors in mammalian cell lines provides the hope of pure factors being available for replacement therapy, uncontaminated with the causative agents for Hepatitis and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), identified in the blood products at present available. The recent findings on the molecular biology of several of (...)
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  8.  19
    Molecular biology of herbicides.R. W. F. Hardy & R. T. Giaquinta - 1984 - Bioessays 1 (4):152-156.
    One of the most dynamic areas of plant molecular biology is the investigation of the actions of three classes of herbicides: s‐triazines (atrazine, simazine), glyphosate, and sulfonylureas (chlorsulfuron, sulfometuron methyl) (Figure 1). The results of this work are expected to provide the first significant applications of plant biotechnology: directly, in the genetic engineering of crop plants resistant to specific herbicides and, indirectly, in providing a molecular basis for the rational design of new herbicides for specific biological targets.s‐Triazines (...)
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  9.  40
    Molecular Biology in the Work of Deleuze and Guattari.John Marks - 2006 - Paragraph 29 (2):81-97.
    This article looks at Deleuze and Guattari's understanding of molecular biology, focusing particularly on their reading of two highly influential works by the eminent French molecular biologists François Jacob and Jacques Monod, La logique du vivant and Le hasard et la nécessité. In these two works, Jacob and Monod present the significance of molecular biology in broadly reductionist terms. What is more, the lac operon model of gene regulation that they propose serves to reinforce the (...)
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  10.  11
    The molecular biology of taste transduction.Robert F. Margolskee - 1993 - Bioessays 15 (10):645-650.
    Taste cells respond to a wide variety of chemical stimuli: certain ions are perceived as salty (Na+) or sour (H+); other small molecules are perceived as sweet (sugars) and bitter (alkaloids). Taste has evolutionary value allowing animals to respond positively (to sweet carhohydrates and salty NaCl) or aversively (to bitter poisons and corrosive acids). Recently, some of the proteins involved in taste transduction have been cloned. Several different G proteins have been identified and cloned from taste tissue: gustducin is a (...)
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  11. Computational molecular biology: A promising application using logic programming and constraint logic programming.J. Cohen - 1999 - In P. Brezillon & P. Bouquet (eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Springer.
     
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  12.  15
    The molecular biology of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes: ′What's in a name?'.P. K. Legan, J. E. Collins & D. R. Garrod - 1992 - Bioessays 14 (6):385-393.
    Desmosomes are junctions involved in intercellular adhesion of epithelial cells and hemidesmosomes are junctions involved in adhesion of epithelia to basement membranes. Both are characterised at the ultrastructural level by dense cytoplasmic plaques which are linked to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton of the cells. The plaques strongly resemble each other suggesting a relationship between the two kinds of junctions, as implied by their names. Recent characterisation of the molecular components of the junctions shows they are, in fact, quite unrelated (...)
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  13.  74
    Molecular Biology and Religion.Martinez Hewlett - 2006 - In Philip Clayton & Zachory Simpson (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Science. Oxford University Press. pp. 172-186.
    Accession Number: ATLA0001712123; Hosting Book Page Citation: p 172-186.; Language(s): English; General Note: Bibliography: p 185-186.; Issued by ATLA: 20130825; Publication Type: Essay.
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  14. The Molecular Biology of Flowering. Edited by Brian R. Jordan.D. E. Fosket - 1995 - Bioessays 17:276-276.
     
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  15.  59
    Molecular Biology and its Recent Historiography: A Transnational Quest for the ‘Big Picture’.Pnina G. Abir-Am - 2006 - History of Science 44 (1):95-118.
  16.  13
    A Kuhnian revolution in molecular biology: Most genes in complex organisms express regulatory RNAs.John S. Mattick - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (9):2300080.
    Thomas Kuhn described the progress of science as comprising occasional paradigm shifts separated by interludes of ‘normal science’. The paradigm that has held sway since the inception of molecular biology is that genes (mainly) encode proteins. In parallel, theoreticians posited that mutation is random, inferred that most of the genome in complex organisms is non‐functional, and asserted that somatic information is not communicated to the germline. However, many anomalies appeared, particularly in plants and animals: the strange genetic phenomena (...)
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  17.  55
    Redrawing the boundaries of molecular biology: The case of photosynthesis.Doris T. Zallen - 1993 - Journal of the History of Biology 26 (1):65-87.
    If the work carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the process of photosynthesis, and probably other types of bioenergetic conversions as well, fulfills the criteria of a molecular biology, and if the groups funding this research and those who worked in the laboratory regarded it as such, why has it been necessary for me to argue here that bioenergetics should always have been counted as part of - indeed, may have been in the forefront in establishing (...)
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  18.  54
    Disciplinary baptisms: A comparison of the naming stories of genetics, molecular biology, genomics and systems biology.Alexander Powell, Maureen A. O'Malley, Staffan Mueller-Wille, Jane Calvert & John Dupré - 2007 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 29 (1):5-32.
    Understanding how scientific activities use naming stories to achieve disciplinary status is important not only for insight into the past, but for evaluating current claims that new disciplines are emerging. In order to gain a historical understanding of how new disciplines develop in relation to these baptismal narratives, we compare two recently formed disciplines, systems biology and genomics, with two earlier related life sciences, genetics and molecular biology. These four disciplines span the twentieth century, a period in (...)
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  19. Molecular biology vs. organicism: The enduring dispute between mechanism and vitalism.Hilde Hein - 1969 - Synthese 20 (2):238 - 253.
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  20.  50
    Molecular biology of Fanconi anaemia—an old problem, a new insight.Shamim I. Ahmad, Fumio Hanaoka & Sandra H. Kirk - 2002 - Bioessays 24 (5):439-448.
    Fanconi anaemia (FA) comprises a group of autosomal recessive disorders resulting from mutations in one of eight genes (FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF and FANCG). Although caused by relatively simple mutations, the disease shows a complex phenotype, with a variety of features including developmental abnormalities and ultimately severe anaemia and/or leukemia leading to death in the mid teens. Since 1992 all but two of the genes have been identified, and molecular analysis of their products has revealed a (...)
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  21.  37
    Molecular Biology of the Neuron.R. Wayne Davies (ed.) - 2004 - Oxford University Press UK.
    Neurons are arguably the most complex of all cells. From the action of these cells comes movement, thought and consciousness. It is a challenging task to understand what molecules direct the various diverse aspects of their function. This has produced an ever-increasing amount of molecular information about neurons, and only in Molecular Biology of the Neuron can a large part of this information be found in one source. In this book, a non-specialist can learn about the molecules (...)
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  22.  25
    Molecular Biology in the French Tradition? Redefining Local Traditions and Disciplinary Patterns.Jean-Paul Gaudillière - 1993 - Journal of the History of Biology 26 (3):473 - 498.
    The first part of this paper has shown that the development of regulatory genetics and the lactose operon model stemmed from laboratory cultures rooted in local traditions. A "physiological" culture may be recognized in the Pasteurian context. The institutional continuity provided the basis for a tenuous link between Pasteur, Lwoff, and Monod. My claim is that the "national" value of regulatory and physiological genetics is an artifact produced in the course of the legitimization process accompanying the institutionalisation of the discipline. (...)
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  23.  24
    Molecular biology in a distributed world. A Kantian perspective on scientific practices and the human mind.Mariagrazia Portera & Predrag Šustar - 2015 - Lebenswelt: Aesthetics and Philosophy of Experience 7:83-93.
    In recent years the number of scholarly publications devoted to Kant's theory of biology has rapidly growing, with particular attention being given to Kant's thoughts about the concepts of teleology, function, organism, and their respective roles in scientific practice. Moving from these recent studies, and distancing itself from their mostly evolutionary background, the main aim of the present paper is to suggest an original "cognitive turn" in the interpretation of Kant's theory of biology. More specifically, the Authors will (...)
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  24.  67
    Molecular biology of T‐cell‐derived lymphokines: A model system for proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic cells.K. Arai, T. Yokota, A. Miyajima, N. Arai & F. Lee - 1986 - Bioessays 5 (4):166-171.
    Many lymphokine genes have now been cloned from activated T cells and their products have been expressed in mammalian cells. Use of these recombinant lymphokines has provided the opportunity to evaluate both the spectrum of their biological activities and the mechanisms of their action in promoting proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic and lymphoid cells. Characterization of the structure of lymphokine genes will provide information about their regulated expression in T‐cell activation.
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  25.  14
    Molecular biology of complement.Harvey R. Colten - 1986 - Bioessays 4 (6):249-254.
    Complementary DNA clones corresponding to most of the proteins of a major amplification and effector of immune host defenses, the complement system, have been isolated and characterized. Availability of these molecular probes has substantially increased our information about and understanding of the structure of the complement proteins and regulation of complement gene expression. Information about the proteins has led to the generation of potential pharmacological agents for the selective control of inflammation. Understanding of the regulatory mechanism has provided insights (...)
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  26. A History of Molecular Biology.Michel Morange & Matthew Cobb - 1999 - Journal of the History of Biology 32 (3):568-570.
  27.  20
    Molecular biology of double‐minute chromosomes.Peter J. Hahn - 1993 - Bioessays 15 (7):477-484.
    Double‐minute chromosomes play a critical role in tumor cell genetics where they are frequently associated with the overexpression of oncogene products. They have been observed for many years in light microscopic examinations of metaphase chromosomes from tumor cells, but their origin remains unknown and is the subject of considerable speculation. However, molecular details of their structure and organization can now be described in conjunction with the microscopic examinations, to allow an evaluation of the various models that have been developed (...)
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  28.  11
    The Microbial Models of Molecular Biology: From Genes to Genomes.Rowland H. Davis - 2003 - Oxford University Press USA.
    This book explains the role of simple biological model systems in the growth of molecular biology. Essentially the whole history of molecular biology is presented here, tracing the work in bacteriophages in E. coli, the role of other prokaryotic systems, and also the protozoan and algal models—Paramecium and Chlamydomonas, primarily—and the move into eukaryotes with the fungal systems Neurospora, Aspergillus and yeast. Each model was selected for its appropriateness for asking a given class of questions, and (...)
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  29.  34
    Molecular biology and infectious diseases: The institut pasteur marks its first century.Adam S. Wilkins - 1988 - Bioessays 8 (1):34-36.
  30. Revamping molecular biology for the twentieth first century, or putting back the theoretical horse ahead of the technological cart.Armando Aranda-Anzaldo - 2010 - Ludus Vitalis 18 (33):267-270.
    Molecular biology is a relatively new and very successful branch of science but currently it faces challenges posed by very complex issues that cannot be addressed by a traditional reductionist approach. However, despite its origins in the providential shift of some theoretical physicists to biology, currently molecular biology is immersed in a blind trend in which high-throughput technology, able to generate trillions of data, is becoming the leading edge of a discipline that has traded rational (...)
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  31.  62
    The Death of Molecular Biology?Michel Morange - 2008 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 30 (1):31 - 42.
    In recent decades the expression "molecular biology" has progressively disappeared from journals, and no longer designates new chairs or departments. This begs the question: does it mean that molecular biology is dead, and has been displaced by new emerging disciplines such as systems biology and synthetic biology? Maybe its reductionist approach to living phenomena has been substituted by one that is more holistic. The situation, undoubtedly, is far less simple. To appreciate better what has (...)
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  32.  9
    The molecular biology of the sphingolipid hydrolases.Edward I. Ginns - 1985 - Bioessays 2 (3):118-122.
    Our understanding of the sphingolipidoses has improved as a result of the investigation of molecular mechanisms causing clinical heterogeneity. This knowledge, derived from both the protein and gene structures, should bring therapy for these inherited disorders closer to a realistic possibility.
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  33.  81
    Revisiting abstraction and idealization: how not to criticize mechanistic explanation in molecular biology.Martin Zach - 2022 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 12 (1):1-20.
    Abstraction and idealization are the two notions that are most often discussed in the context of assumptions employed in the process of model building. These notions are also routinely used in philosophical debates such as that on the mechanistic account of explanation. Indeed, an objection to the mechanistic account has recently been formulated precisely on these grounds: mechanists cannot account for the common practice of idealizing difference-making factors in models in molecular biology. In this paper I revisit the (...)
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  34.  62
    Molecular biology in postwar Europe: towards a 'glocal' picture.Soraya de Chadarevian & Bruno Strasser - 2002 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 33 (3):361-365.
  35.  22
    The Philosophy and history of molecular biology: new perspectives.Sahotra Sarkar (ed.) - 1996 - Boston: Kluwer Academic.
    This book is a collection of papers which reflect the recent trends in the philosophy and history of molecular biology. It brings together historians, philosophers, and molecular biologists who reflect on the discipline's emergence in the 1950's, its explosive growth, and the directions in which it is going. Questions addressed include: (i) what are the limits of molecular biology? (ii) What is the relation of molecular biology to older subdisciplines of biology, especially (...)
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  36.  73
    Reconstructing life. Molecular biology in postwar Britain.Soraya de Chadarevian - 2002 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 33 (3):431-448.
    The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge played a key role in the postwar history of molecular biology. The paper, focussing on the early history of the institution, aims to show that the creation of the laboratory and the making of molecular biology were part of a new scientific culture set in place after World War II. In five interlinked parts it deals with the institutional creation of the MRC unit dedicated (...)
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  37. Molecular biology in postwar europe: Towards a 'glocal' picture.S. Chadarevian & B. Strasser - 2002 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 33 (3):361-365.
  38.  70
    Procedural knowledge in molecular biology.Baljinder Sahdra & Paul Thagard - 2003 - Philosophical Psychology 16 (4):477 – 498.
    A crucial part of the knowledge of molecular biologists is procedural knowledge, that is, knowledge of how to do things in laboratories. Procedural knowledge of molecular biologists involves both perceptual-motor skills and cognitive skills. We discuss such skills required in performing the most commonly used molecular biology techniques, namely, Polymerase Chain Reaction and gel electrophoresis. We argue that procedural knowledge involved in performing these techniques is more than just knowing their protocols. Creative exploration and experience are (...)
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  39.  16
    Plant molecular biology comes of age.Leon Dure - 1985 - Bioessays 3 (4):147-148.
  40.  21
    The molecular biology of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inducible cytochrome P‐450; the past is prologue.P. L. Iversen, R. N. Hines & Edward Bresnick - 1986 - Bioessays 4 (1):15-19.
    The heme‐containing cytochromes P‐450 are a ubiquitous family of monooxygenase isozymes responsible for the oxidative metabolism of a wide variety of endogenous as well as exogenous compounds. Many of the compounds metabolized by this enzyme system are effectively detoxified and converted to derivatives more easily eliminated from the organism. However, some compounds can be activated to reactive species capable of eliciting a cascade of toxic lesions, including cancer. Since its discovery nearly 30 years ago, the cytochrome P‐450 enzyme system has (...)
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  41. Darwinian reductionism, or, How to stop worrying and love molecular biology.Alexander Rosenberg - 2006 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    After the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953, scientists working in molecular biology embraced reductionism—the theory that all complex systems can be understood in terms of their components. Reductionism, however, has been widely resisted by both nonmolecular biologists and scientists working outside the field of biology. Many of these antireductionists, nevertheless, embrace the notion of physicalism—the idea that all biological processes are physical in nature. How, Alexander Rosenberg asks, can these self-proclaimed physicalists also be antireductionists? (...)
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  42. Philosophy of Molecular Biology.Ingo Brigandt - 2018 - eLS: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences.
    Ongoing empirical discoveries in molecular biology have generated novel conceptual challenges and perspectives. Philosophers of biology have reacted to these trends when investigating the practice of molecular biology and contributed to scientific debates on methodological and conceptual matters. This article reviews some major philosophical issues in molecular biology. First, philosophical accounts of mechanistic explanation yield a notion of explanation in the context of molecular biology that does not have to rely on (...)
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  43.  38
    An Experiment-based Methodology for Classical Genetics and Molecular Biology.Hsiao-fan Yeh & Ruey-lin Chen - 2017 - Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science 26:39-60.
    This paper proposes an experiment-based methodology for both classical genetics and molecular biology by integrating Lindley Darden’s mechanism-centered approach and C. Kenneth Waters’s phenomenon-centered approach. We argue that the methodology basing on experiments offers a satisfactory account of the development of the two biological disciplines. The methodology considers discovery of new mechanisms, investigation of new phenomena, and construction of new theories together, in which experiments play a central role. Experimentation connects the three type of conduct, which work as (...)
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  44.  22
    Molecular biology and anatomy of Drosophila olfactory associative learning.Gregg Roman & Ronald L. Davis - 2001 - Bioessays 23 (7):571-581.
    Most of our current knowledge of olfactory associative learning in Drosophila comes from the behavioral and molecular analysis of mutants that fail to learn. The identities of the genes affected in these mutants implicate new signaling pathways as mediators of associative learning. The expression patterns of these genes provide insight into the neuroanatomical areas that underlie learning. In recent years, there have been great strides in understanding the molecular and neuroanatomical basis for olfaction in insects. It is now (...)
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  45.  20
    A ‘heavy hammer to crack a small nut'? The creation of the European Molecular Biology Conference (EMBC), 1963–1970.Francesco Cassata - forthcoming - Annals of Science.
    This article reconstructs the complex diplomatic negotiations that led to the peculiar organization of molecular biology at the European level, by focusing in particular on the establishment of the European Molecular Biology Conference (EMBC), the intergovernmental structure founded in 1969–70 to support the scientific program of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). By combining the analysis of the informal decision-making kept in the Nobel Prize laureate John C. Kendrew’s personal papers (Oxford) with the in-depth (...)
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  46.  20
    Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase: Molecular biological aspects.Gilbert De Murcia, Josiane Ménissier-De Murcia & Valérie Schreiber - 1991 - Bioessays 13 (9):455-462.
    A number of roles have been ascribed to poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase* including involvement in DNA repair, cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation. Cloning of the gene has allowed the development of molecular biological approaches to elucidate the structure and the function(s) of this highly conserved enzyme. This article will review the recent results obtained in this field.
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  47. Molecular Models of Life: Philosophical Papers on Molecular Biology.Sahotra Sarkar - 2004 - Bradford.
    Despite the transformation in biological practice and theory brought about by discoveries in molecular biology, until recently philosophy of biology continued to focus on evolutionary biology. When the Human Genome Project got underway in the late 1980s and early 1990s, philosophers of biology -- unlike historians and social scientists -- had little to add to the debate. In this landmark collection of essays, Sahotra Sarkar broadens the scope of current discussions of the philosophy of (...), viewing molecular biology as a unifying perspective on life that complements that of evolutionary biology. His focus is on molecular biology, but the overriding question behind these papers is what molecular biology contributes to all traditional areas of biological research.Molecular biology -- described with some foresight in a 1938 Rockefeller Foundation report as a branch of science in which "delicate modern techniques are being used to investigate ever more minute details" -- and its modeling strategies apparently argue in favor of physical reductionism. Sarkar's first three chapters explore reductionism -- defending it, but cautioning that reduction to molecular interactions is not necessarily a reduction to genetics. The next sections of the book discuss function, exploring how functional explanations pose a problem for reductionism; the informational interpretation of biology and how it interacts with reductionism; and the tension between the unifying framework of molecular biology and the received framework of evolutionary theory. The concluding chapter is an essay in the emerging field of developmental evolution, exploring what molecular biology may contribute to the transformation of evolutionary theory as evolutionary theory takes into account morphogenetic development. (shrink)
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  48.  22
    Molecularizing Biology and Medicine: New Practices and Alliances, 1910s-1970s. Soraya de Chadarevian, Harmke Kamminga.Alberto Cambrosio - 1999 - Isis 90 (3):619-620.
  49.  75
    Studying populations without molecular biology: Aster models and a new argument against reductionism.Emily Grosholz - 2011 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 42 (2):246-251.
    During the past few decades, philosophers of biology have debated the issue of reductionism versus anti-reductionism, with both sides often claiming a ‘pluralist’ position. However, both sides also tend to focus on a single research paradigm, which analyzes living things in terms of certain macromolecular components. I offer a case study where biologists pursue other analytic pathways, in a tradition of quantitative genetics that originates with the initially purely mathematical theories of R. A. Fisher, J. B. S. Haldane, and (...)
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  50.  35
    Molecular biology of embryonic development: How far have we come in the last ten years?Eric H. Davidson - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (9):603-615.
    The successes of molecular developmental biology over the last ten years have been particularly impressive in those directions favored by its major paradigms. New technologies have both guided and been guided by the progress of the field. I review briefly some of the major insights into embryonic development that have derived from research in four specific areas: early embryogenesis of various forms; “pattern formation”; evolutionary conservation of regulatory elements; and spatial mechanisms of gene regulation. There remain many major (...)
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