Recent challenges to Chomsky's poverty of the stimulus thesis for language acquisition suggest that children's primary data may carry “indirect evidence” about linguistic constructions despite containing no instances of them. Indirect evidence is claimed to suffice for grammar acquisition, without need for innate knowledge. This article reports experiments based on those of Reali and Christiansen (2005), who demonstrated that a simple bigram language model can induce the correct form of auxiliary inversion in certain complex questions. This article investigates the nature (...) of the indirect evidence that supports this learning, and assesses how reliably it is available. Results confirm the original finding for one specific sentence type but show that the model's success is highly circumscribed. It performs poorly on inversion in related constructions in English and Dutch. Because other, more powerful statistical models have so far been shown to succeed only on the same limited subset of cases as the bigram model, it remains to be seen whether stimulus richness can be substantiated more generally. (shrink)

《傅玄〈傅子〉校读》是一部关于傅玄遗文的校释性著作。属于傅玄研究中的基础性研究.

Volume 27, Issue 1, February 2019, Page 111-115.

Using a signaling framework, we argue that ethical behavior as evidenced by charitable donations is viewed more positively by investors when seen not to be based on self-serving motives but rather on authentic generosity that builds moral capital. The affirmed religiosity of CEOs may make their ethical position more credible, while their embeddedness within a family business suggests that CEOs are backed by powerful owners with long-time horizons and a desire to build moral capital with stakeholders. We find in a (...) study of market responses to 1572 corporate donations by S&P 1500 firms that financial markets react more positively to charitable initiatives from firms with religion-declared CEOs, but only if these are family businesses. (shrink)

This paper examines how drawing classes can contribute to moral education in primary schools. This paper uses class observation, interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of students’ wor...

We investigate how state involvement in the ownership of non-listed entrepreneurial firms affects pollution fees levied by national and provincial governments in China. While the national government sets minimum environmental standards, provincial governments can enact requirements that exceed these minimums, and they are largely responsible for enforcing even the national standards, so environmental levies can measure concessions that provinces make to encourage development and employment. Furthermore, state ownership is a good proxy for a firm’s political connections, which can influence the (...) relationship between the firm and the environmental authorities. We find that firms with state ownership pay lower environmental levies, which indicates that concessions are made for political or economic purposes. However, these concessions are conditional on the level of development of the province offering them, with better developed provinces providing fewer concessions. (shrink)

Theoretical studies suggest that, when determining the workplace safety level, CEOs face a trade-off between ex ante safety-improving expenditures and the expected losses due to ex post injury and illness occurrences. We examine whether firms with higher CEO inside debt holdings have safer workplaces. Using establishment-level employee workplace injury and illness data, we find that CEOs’ inside debt holdings are negatively associated with employee workplace injury and illness cases. This relationship is more pronounced if workers’ compensation premiums are more sensitive (...) to injury claims and for firms with more government business and less pronounced for firms with higher levels of secured debt. We provide some evidence that our main result stems from CEOs increasing safety investments. Our empirical results are shown to be robust under a batch of robustness tests and when considering potential endogeneity problems. Our findings suggest that CEOs with higher levels of inside debt holdings are more sensitive to wealth loss due to employee injury and illness, leading to a safer workplace. (shrink)

International integration is deepening, so people develop in all aspects. In society, communities with individuals have relationships in humans' material and spiritual life. When society grows, more people's knowledge of the world needs to learn so that people can understand themselves and act for the development of society. The article studies the thought of Thomas Aquinas to clarify human nature in social life. The paper uses analytical, synthesis, and argumentative methods to explain human nature with its behaviors and perceptions in (...) social life; Aquinas argued that it is human nature to do the right thing to achieve happiness. However, society is more progressive and liberals, but people always realize their lives have many injustices and difficulties. People want their lives to be happy and good but feel depressed. In this article, in an excellent society, people live according to the law and adjust their behavior according to the regulations of society; each person in the society is also better, from which the society is also humane and reasonable that the basis for building a better society in Vietnam. (shrink)

Le calcul de distance entre les textes a le plus souvent été effectué à partir du dénombrement des données lexicales ; nous nous proposons ici d’abord de tester la possibilité d’appliquer l’un des calculs disponibles de distance à des paramètres grammaticaux, puis de proposer notre propre méthode à partir, non pas d’un tableau de contingences, mais d’un tableau de classement ordinal. Les textes soumis au calcul sont des textes latins empruntés à un corpus lemmatisé et étiqueté. Les différents résultats sont (...) comparés et leur pertinence est évaluée au regard d’un savoir philologique préalable. (shrink)

La couverture indique :"L'infini est le sujet le plus vaste que l'imagination puisse embrasser. Il a tout le temps fasciné les hommes, qu'ils soient artistes, philosophes ou scientifiques. Mais l'infini se manifeste-t-il vraiment dans la réalité physique, ou est-il seulement un concept de notre imagination, comme le pensait Aristote? Des artistes comme Escher, des écrivains comme Borges ont tenté de le représenter, mais c'est Georg Cantor qui assoit fermement l'infini dans le paysage des mathématiques et nous dévoile ses propriétés étranges (...) et magiques. L'univers est, par excellence, le lieu où l'infini se manifeste. Dans un univers infini, nous serions confrontés au paradoxe de l'éternel retour, où chacun de nous posséderait un nombre infini de sosies. Les avancées en physique de ces dernières décennies ont donné au mot "infini" un sens nouveau. Il se réfère non seulement à notre univers, mais aussi à une infinité d'univers parallèles, le tout formant un vaste et fantastique "multivers". A ces sujets vertigineux, Trinh Xuan Thuan apporte ses réflexions avec la pédagogie lumineuse, à la fois scientifique, philosophique et poétique qui lui est coutumière et qui fait le grand succès de La Mélodie secrète, du Chaos et l'harmonie, et, plus récemment, du Cosmos et le lotus.". (shrink)

Algorithms increasingly make managerial decisions that people used to make. Perceptions of algorithms, regardless of the algorithms' actual performance, can significantly influence their adoption, yet we do not fully understand how people perceive decisions made by algorithms as compared with decisions made by humans. To explore perceptions of algorithmic management, we conducted an online experiment using four managerial decisions that required either mechanical or human skills. We manipulated the decision-maker, and measured perceived fairness, trust, and emotional response. With the mechanical (...) tasks, algorithmic and human-made decisions were perceived as equally fair and trustworthy and evoked similar emotions; however, human managers' fairness and trustworthiness were attributed to the manager's authority, whereas algorithms' fairness and trustworthiness were attributed to their perceived efficiency and objectivity. Human decisions evoked some positive emotion due to the possibility of social recognition, whereas algorithmic decisions generated a more mixed response – algorithms were seen as helpful tools but also possible tracking mechanisms. With the human tasks, algorithmic decisions were perceived as less fair and trustworthy and evoked more negative emotion than human decisions. Algorithms' perceived lack of intuition and subjective judgment capabilities contributed to the lower fairness and trustworthiness judgments. Positive emotion from human decisions was attributed to social recognition, while negative emotion from algorithmic decisions was attributed to the dehumanizing experience of being evaluated by machines. This work reveals people's lay concepts of algorithmic versus human decisions in a management context and suggests that task characteristics matter in understanding people's experiences with algorithmic technologies. (shrink)

Vietnam is implementing global socio-economic integration, so the law must also be renovated to meet the requirements of international integration. Because the law is attached to the country's institutions, it shows the consistency in Vietnam's politics, economy, and diplomacy. In the world, the rule of law is a typical value that humanity aims for because it upholds the law, expressing our nation's aspiration for a democratic and equal society. Therefore, Vietnam has built a socialist rule of law. To achieve this, (...) Vietnam must ensure the free power of its citizens, promote the democracy of the state, and ensure that power belongs to the people. The paper uses a materialist dialectical method to examine the building of civic consciousness that promotes the perfection of Vietnam's current socialist rule of law. At the same time, the article also uses analytical methods and synthetic methods to clarify the sense of citizenship in the Vietnamese state, Vietnam's political institutions, and the development of the socialist rule of law is correct. (shrink)

To analyze the influence of the integration of piano art and media on long-term care of the elderly in the aging society, and to improve the living standard and happiness of the elderly, based on educational psychology, several scales of self-compiled personal information, the Ackerson personality inventory, and the memorial university of Newfoundland happiness scale were introduced for statement, and questionnaire method was adopted for information collection. Then, the mechanism of the integration of piano art and media on the happiness (...) of the elderly was summarized. The results showed that there were significant differences in the happiness of the elderly in terms of monthly average income, economic pressure, health status, and living conditions. The happiness of the elderly with a monthly income of more than 5,000 yuan was significantly higher than that of the elderly with a monthly income of <3,000 yuan. The happiness of the elderly with low economic pressure was significantly higher than that of the elderly with high economic pressure. The happiness of the elderly with good living conditions was significantly higher than that of the elderly with ordinary living conditions. The happiness score and positive experience of the elderly with learning over 5 years were significantly higher than those with learning <5 years and the non-piano learning group. The total score of happiness in the piano learning group was significantly positively correlated with positive affection and PE, and negatively correlated with neuroticism and psychosis. It is concluded that the piano art learning process based on educational psychology can improve the subjective well-being of the elderly. In addition, the elderly who have been exposed to piano art for a long time are more active in life. Piano art edification is an important factor affecting the psychological well-being of the elderly. The research has a good guiding significance for improving the happiness of the elderly. (shrink)

In this article, I engage with the ways in which disability is governed within the Millennium Development Goals. Using a Foucauldian perspective on the governing of populations in modern states, I problematise this politics of disability and development by interrogating the ways in which biopower, through the constructions of modern development frameworks, has shaped our understanding of disability and impairment. I pursue this historical trajectory by tracing the emergence of the Global Burden of Diseases, a global study developed by the (...) World Health Organization and the World Bank in the 1990s. The forms of knowledge emerging in these global frameworks shed light on genealogies of disability in the twenty-first century. By re-visiting a postcolonial critique of Foucault’s conception of power in the context of Third World’s struggles for liberation, I suggest that a Foucauldian critique in disability and development could be deepened through its engagement with postcolonial studies. A critical and genealogical perspective on disability and development, I argue, is useful for understanding the government of disability and impairment in the intersections of global and local histories. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Semiotica Jahrgang: 2015 Heft: 203 Seiten: 227-248.

The idea of a hybrid bicameral system combining election and sortition is investigated. More precisely, the article imagines how an elected and a sortition chamber would interact, taking into account their public perception and their competing legitimacies. The article draws on a survey of a representative sample of the Belgian population and Belgian members of parliament assessing their views about sortition in political representation. Findings are combined with theoretical reflections on election’s and sortition’s respective sources of legitimacy. The possibility of (...) conflicting legitimacies and mutually detrimental interactions leads to considerations of the effects of different possible distributions of power between the chambers as a crucial determinant of their interactions and perceived legitimacy. (shrink)

The approach of the complex network has well described seismic complex systems. In this paper, this is the first time three classical network construction methods for seismicity are compared. By using the same dataset from the Southern California Seismic Network, three networks are constructed. They all present the scale-free, small-world properties, a strength-degree correlation, and an assortative mixing feature. However, they show some differences in the hierarchical clustering feature. On observing the evolution results, three measures show a similar correlation with (...) seismicity dynamics, but one measure shows a different result. These results show that different network construction methods will present some similarities and differences in network properties. This situation needs to be considered, especially when discussing a predictive indicator of seismicity. (shrink)

Many neuroanatomical alterations have been detected in patients with tinnitus in previous studies. However, little is known about the morphological and structural covariance network changes before and after long-term sound therapy. This study aimed to explore alterations in brain anatomical and SCN changes in patients with idiopathic tinnitus using voxel-based morphometry analysis 24 weeks before and after sound therapy. Thirty-three tinnitus patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and after 24 weeks of sound therapy. Twenty-six age- and sex-matched healthy (...) control individuals also underwent two scans over a 24-week interval; 3.0T MRI and high-resolution 3D structural images were acquired with a 3D-BRAVO pulse sequence. Structural image data preprocessing was performed using the VBM8 toolbox. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score was assessed for the severity of tinnitus before and after treatment. Two-way mixed model analysis of variance and post hoc analyses were performed to determine differences between the two groups and between the two scans. Student-Newman-Keuls tests were used in the post hoc analysis. Interaction effects between the two groups and the two scans demonstrated significantly different gray matter volume in the right parahippocampus gyrus, right caudate, left superior temporal gyrus, left cuneus gyrus, and right calcarine gyrus; we found significantly decreased GM volume in the above five brain regions among the tinnitus patients before sound therapy compared to that in the HC group. The 24-week sound therapy group demonstrated significantly greater brain volume compared with the baseline group among these brain regions. We did not find significant differences in brain regions between the 24-week sound therapy and HC groups. The SCN results showed that the left superior temporal gyrus and left rolandic operculum were significantly different in nodal efficiency, nodal degree centrality, and nodal betweenness centrality after FDR correction. This study characterized the effect of sound therapy on brain GM volume, especially in the left superior temporal lobe. Notably, sound therapy had a normalizing effect on tinnitus patients. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has brought about unprecedented uncertainty and challenges to the worldwide economy and people’s everyday life. Anecdotal and scientific evidence has documented the existence of a positive relationship between the experience of crisis and creativity. Though this appears to be ubiquitous, the crisis-creativity-well-being relationship has not been sufficiently examined across countries and using a working adult sample. The current study drew on a sample consisting of 1,420 employees from China, Germany, and the United States to examine (...) whether creativity can function as an effective means to cope with crisis and to achieve both flourishing and social well-being. Multivariate analyses showed that perceived impact of COVID-19 was positively related to creative process engagement, which was positively related to employees’ self-reported creative growth. Creative growth was associated with a higher level of flourishing well-being. This sequential mediation model was significant across the three samples. Creativity also mediated the relationship between perceived impact of COVID-19 and social well-being, but this connection was only found for the Chinese sample. Further data analyses revealed that individualism moderated this serial mediation model in that the positive coping effect of creativity on both flourishing and social well-being was stronger for individuals who hold more collectivistic views. Results of the study have implications for crisis management, personal development, and positive functioning of individuals and society. (shrink)

本书收入论文23篇,是作者在中国美学诗学方面学术研究的一个回顾和总结,编为三辑:先秦美学研究、中国诗学经典与审美范畴研究、走向现代的中国美学诗学研究。.

In this paper, I shall argue that philosophy proper is a Western cultural practice and cannot refer to traditional Chinese thinking unless in an analogical or metaphorical sense. Likewise, the Chinese idiom ‘Zhongguo zhexue’ has evolved its independent cultural meaning and has no need to be considered as philosophy in the Western academic sense. For the purpose of elucidating the culturally autonomous status of Zhongguo zhexue, as well as the possible counterparts of Western philosophy in other cultures, I contend that (...) Davidsonian anomalous monism may provide a proper explanatory framework for the intercultural relationships between different ‘sophias’ from various traditions. As for the equivocal English term ‘Chinese philosophy’, I suggest replacing it with a more precise new word: ‘sinosophy’. (shrink)