The main aim of this paper is to investigate the views of healthcare professionals in Portugal about healthcare rationing, and compare them with the views of college students. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 60 healthcare professionals and 180 college students. Respondents faced a hypothetical rationing dilemma where they had to order four patients and justify their choices. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to test for differences in orderings, and content analysis to categorize the (...) written justifications. The findings suggest that both groups appeared to support three main rationing principles: health maximization, priority to the severely ill and priority to the young. However, professionals seemed to give less weight to the latter principle. In conclusion, professionals have similar views to students about healthcare rationing, though may be slightly less inclined to give priority to the young. (shrink)

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the micro and macro predictors of Portuguese willingness to pay (WTP) more taxes to bolster funds channelled to the National Health Service (NHS). An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 584 Portuguese citizens. The statistical analysis was performed through the application of logistic regressions. The research shows that willingness to support increasing taxes depended on socioeconomic, behavioural, and psychological factors. The WTP more taxes to finance the NHS were associated (...) with younger ages, life satisfaction and dispositional optimism, satisfaction with the NHS performance, current perceived risk exposure, and risk orientation. Identifying and understanding the main influencing factors associated with WTP more taxes for NHS is essential to assist policy-makers in developing healthcare reforms. Decision-makers may take this opportunity to improve the NHS since those who ultimately benefit from the measures can provide an additional source of health financing. (shrink)

Recent narratives and debates surrounding long-term AI concerns—the prospect of artificial general intelligence in particular—are fraught with hidden assumptions, priorities, and values. This paper employs a humanistic, narrative-centered approach to analyze the works of two vocal, and opposing, thinkers in the field—Luciano Floridi and Nick Bostrom—to ask how the representational, descriptive differences in their works reveal the high stakes of narrative choices for how we form ideas about humanity, urgency, risk, harm, and possibility in relation to AI. This paper closely (...) reads Floridi and Bostrom using different representational models and historical narratives from works in the environmental humanities, literary theory, bioethics, and the history of technology to uncover the imaginative terrain of recent long-term AI discourse and reveal the complexity and limitations of the messaging underlying the works of different authors. (shrink)

Within a general approach that implies the closely related survey of neurosciences and philosophical thought, the essays collected in the volume develop two main lines of research. The first one, thanks to the contributions of scientists and psychologists , psychoanalysists and bioengineers , allows to fix the attention on the neurobiological, psychological, psychoanalytical and physical remembering. The second one, more specifically philosophical, is declined in three different approaches. the first - with essays by Stefania Achella, Giuseppe D'Anna and Rosario Diana (...) - points to the anlysis of the role played by the rememberance and the prefiguration in the processes of identity construction. The second - with contributions from Fiorella Battaglia, Anna Donise, Sabine Marienberg and Sara Fortuna - focuses on the role of remembering in anthropology and linguistics, as well as the identification of certain diseases of memory. The third, finally - with contributions from Gabriella Baptist, Chiara de Luzenberger and Marco Boninu - tends to define the regulatory function of memory. (shrink)

O conceito de Ontologia apresenta vários contornos no universo filosófico, seja na tradição analítica ou continental, mas quando entramos nas Ciências Sociais ele é reduzido basicamente a uma abordagem fenomenológica. Esse artigo tem por objetivo compreender esse traço fenomenológico nas Ciências Sociais, além de apontar para outros caminhos no horizonte, principalmente usando a Ontologia Orientada ao Objeto de Graham Harman, assim como outros autores dessa tradição contemporânea. Embora famosa no campo filosófico, ela ainda é muito desconhecida na Teoria Social, o (...) que abre um espaço novo de debates, questionamentos e muitas novas articulações. (shrink)

Este artículo interroga el lugar de la felicidad en un pensamiento sobre la historia. La constatación respecto de su ausencia en un pensamiento filosófico político nos lleva a revisitar críticamente dos modalidades del relato que han acogido su llamado: el pensamiento utópico y la teoría crítica. El..

O terceiro-instruído: Ontofenomenologia e educação em Michel Serres Resumo: O terceiro-instruído: Ontofenomenologia e educação em Michel Serres é um estudo que visa compreender a relevância do pensamento ontofenomênico, epistemológico e educacional de Michel Serres para a implementação dessas categorias filosóficas: contrato natural e terceira-instrução. Nesse sentido, a importância da educação, comparada com a ontofenomenologia e a epistemologia, tornar-se-á maior e mais importante.Palavras-chave: Ontofenomenologia; Epistemologia; Educação; Michel Serres. The third-instructed: Ontophenomenology and education in Michel Serres: The third-instructed: Ontophenomenology and education in (...) Michel Serres is a study which focus on understanding the relevance of ontophenomenal, epistemological and educational Serres’s thought for the implementation of these philosophical categories: natural contract and third-instruction. Therefore, the materiality of education comparing to ontophenomenology and epistemology will become greater and principal.Keywords: Ontophenomenology; Epistemology; Education; Michel Serres. Le tiers-instruit: Ontophénoménologie et éducation à Michel Serres Resumé: Le tiers-instruit: Ontophénoménologie et éducation à Michel Serres est une étude qui vise à comprendre la pertinence de la pensée ontophénoménal, épistémologique et éducatif de l’auteur pour accomplir ces catégories philosophiques: contrat naturel et tierce-instruction. Donc, par rapport à ontophénoménologie et à épistémologie, l’importance de l´éducation deviendra plus grand et plus importante.Mots-clés: Ontophénoménologie; Épistémologie; Éducation; Michel Serres.Data de registro: 06/10/2020Data de aceite: 25/11/2020. (shrink)

This study provides new longitudinal evidence on two major types of gesture–speech combination that play different roles in children’s early language. We analysed the spontaneous production of 10 Italian children observed monthly from 10–12 to 23–25 months of age. We evaluated the extent to which the developmental trends observed in children’s early gesture–word and word–word productions can predict subsequent verbal abilities. The results indicate that “complementary” and “supplementary” gesture–speech combinations predict subsequent language development in a different manner: While the onset (...) of “supplementary” combinations predicts the onset of two-word combinations, the use of “complementary” combinations at 12 and 18 months predicts the vocabulary and the ability to produce more words utterances at 2 years of age. Moreover, the results suggest that both “complementary” and “supplementary” crossmodal combinations are good predictive indexes of early verbal skills during the second year of age. (shrink)

This study provides new longitudinal evidence on two major types of gesture–speech combination that play different roles in children’s early language. We analysed the spontaneous production of 10 Italian children observed monthly from 10–12 to 23–25 months of age. We evaluated the extent to which the developmental trends observed in children’s early gesture–word and word–word productions can predict subsequent verbal abilities. The results indicate that “complementary” and “supplementary” gesture–speech combinations predict subsequent language development in a different manner: While the onset (...) of “supplementary” combinations predicts the onset of two-word combinations, the use of “complementary” combinations at 12 and 18 months predicts the vocabulary and the ability to produce more words utterances at 2 years of age. Moreover, the results suggest that both “complementary” and “supplementary” crossmodal combinations are good predictive indexes of early verbal skills during the second year of age. (shrink)

Michel Henry sostiene que la subjetividad se muestra fenomenológicamente según la estructura de la autoafección, y que esta no admite ningún tipo de distancia temporal, siendo la temporalidad una marca exclusiva de la trascendencia. Sin embargo, a partir de los años noventa, Henry lleva adelante una lectura fenomenológica de ciertos aspectos de la doctrina cristiana, gracias a la cual logró dar con otro tipo de temporalidad. Esta nueva temporalidad, de carácter inmanente, es la problemática que se abordará en este artículo, (...) en el cual se buscará establecer cómo ella es efectivamente experienciable. En la primera sección, se precisará la dinámica del nacimiento trascendental y de la temporalidad que tal nacimiento entraña. La doctrina del nacimiento trascendental, que Henry elabora inspirándose en Meister Eckhart y que alude al engendramiento del viviente en la Vida absoluta sirve de guía para pensar una relación inmanente entre la eternidad, el instante y el tiempo. En la segunda sección, veremos cómo, ya desde la perspectiva del viviente, la temporalidad inmanente se articula como presente viviente. La tercera y última sección estará reservada al estudio de la afectividad y la habitualidad corporal como manifestaciones concretas de la temporalidad inmanente. Así, podremos concluir que aquello que se explica a partir de las notas particulares de la Vida absoluta no solo da cuenta de una temporalidad inmanente como una dimensión fundante de la experiencia subjetiva, sino también de una dimensión concreta y fenomenológicamente atestable para el viviente. Estos resultados permitirán, además, sentar las bases para investigaciones futuras que vinculen la temporalidad inmanente con la trascendente. (shrink)

Algunos intérpretes sostienen que la fenomenología de la inmanencia de Michel Henry amenaza el carácter singular del sujeto y la evidencia fenomenológica del mundo. En este artículo se argumentará que esas críticas deben ser matizadas. Para ello se abordará el análisis henriano de los sentimientos y se demostrará que el objetivo de Henry no es reducir la fenomenalidad a un núcleo premundano, sino describir las condiciones trascendentales por las cuales somos seres afectivos en un mundo necesariamente tonalizado.

En el marco de la fenomenología generativa presentada por Edmund Husserl, se considera que el carácter histórico de una comunidad tradicionalizada proviene del movimiento de institución, sedimentación, reinstitución y transformación de un sentido. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el papel que cumple la reinstitución [Nachstiftung] dentro del “a priori estructural de la historia” y elucidar en qué radica su necesidad dentro de la constitución de una tradición. Para comprender las características particulares de la reinstitución se propone trazar un (...) paralelo entre ésta y la rememoración, en tanto momento de la temporalidad egológica. Como conclusión se mostrará que la reactivación que conduce a una mera comprensión no asegura la continuidad de una tradición. Sólo la adopción pasiva y la efectuación teleológica garantizan la durabilidad de una comunidad tradicionalizada.In the context of the generative phenomenology introduced by Edmund Husserl, it is considered that the historic nature of a traditionalized community can be traced in the movement of establishment, sedimentation, reestablishment and transformation of an original meaning. The main goal of this paper is to study the role the reestablishment [Nachstiftung] plays within the “structural a priori of history” and to elucidate where that necessity lies in concerning the constitution of a community. In order to clarify the fundamental characteristics of the reestablishment, I attempt to draw a parallel between reestablishment and recollection as a moment of the egologic temporality. As a conclusion, it will be shown that a reactivation that amounts to a mere comprehension does not ensure the continuity of a tradition. Only the passive adoption and the theleological accomplishment given for the reestablishment guarantee the durability of a traditionalized community. (shrink)

Selective mutism (SM) is a developmental disorder characterized by a child’s inability to speak in certain contexts and/or in the presence of unfamiliar interlocutors. This work proposes a critical discussion of the most recent studies on SM, with respect to clinical and diagnostic features, as well as the etiology and treatment of this disorder. At present, all research work supports the hypothesis that SM is a complex anxiety disorder with multifactorial etiology (interaction among biological and environmental causes). The latest edition (...) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) places SM mutism among “Anxiety Disorders”, and no longer among “Other Childhood, Infant and Adolescent Disorders” (as in DSM-IV). Other important aspects relate to cognitive biases and emotional states at the base of SM, which partly explain the disorder’s persistence and represent an important objective of intervention work. No data in the literature point to a total remission of SM, but good results are achieved with cognitive behavior intervention and multimodal therapy (MMT) involving a variety of child interaction contexts. (shrink)

Histone octamers (hos) and DNA topoisomerase I contribute, along with other proteins, to the higher order structure of chromatin. Here we report on the similar topological requirements of these two protein model systems for their interaction with DNA. Both histone octamers and topoisomerase I positively and consistently respond to DNA supercoiling and curvature, and to the spatial accessibility of the preferential interaction sites. These findings (1) point to the relevance of the topology‐related DNA conformation in protein interactions and define the (...) particular role of the helically phased rotational information; and (2) help to solve the apparent paradoxical behaviour of ubiquitous and abundant proteins that interact with defined DNA sites in spite of the lack of clear sequence consensuses. Considering firstly, that the interactions with DNA of both DNA topoisomerase I and histone octamers are topology‐sensitive and that upon their interaction the DNA conformation is modified; and secondly, that similar behaviours have also been reported for DNA topoisomerase II and histone H1, a topology‐based functional correlation among all these determinants of the higher order structure of chromatin is here suggested. (shrink)

Many people think that the capacity for criticism and reflection, as well as the attitude of welcoming contingency, the other, and debate, is some internal and well-intentioned energy of open-minded people, as advocated by liberals, whether from the right or the left. What they don’t realize is how much the capacity for reflection and dialogue is an external phenomenon, present in the world itself, produced only thanks to a space of resistances, encounters, and even frustrations, as in the academic and (...) scientific sphere. It prevents my cogito and my precious epistemic schemes from getting out of control, in a dangerous transcendentalist delirium, and taking over the world and the circumstances themselves. The aim of this essay is precisely to understand this aesthetic dimension of science, this ontological feature that crosses its contours, taking as a starting point the concepts of “importance” in Whitehead and “matters of concern” in Bruno Latour. (shrink)

O estudo avaliou a influência da raiva e da expressão de empatia no casamento sobre a satisfação conjugal. Participaram da pesquisa 120 pessoas casadas, com idades de 25 a 76 anos. Para avaliação foram utilizados três instrumentos de autoinforme: Questionário de Empatia Conjugal; Escala de Satisfaçã.

L’article analyse le concept de mort dans l’œuvre d’Ernst Bloch, qui constitue un défi majeur pour le principe espérance. Lorsque Bloch aborde cette question dans ses textes, il lie la dimension du deuil au thème du travail de la vie. Si ce dernier est en fait la quête d’un sens ultime et définitif, il ne peut advenir qu’en allant à l’encontre de la finitude elle-même. Or, ce n’est qu’en se consacrant pleinement à la tâche qu’est la vie que l’existence humaine (...) peut trouver son sens. L’article analyse ces positions blochiennes en les comparant aux thèses sur la mort proposées par Vladimir Jankélévitch. (shrink)

1 It is not unusual to come across works written by philosophers that are half way between the essay and the novel. Some even talk of a kind of dilution of philosophy into literature, from a clearly metaphysical perspective, therefore a philosophical one. After the seminal case of Friedrich Nietzsche, the relationship between philosophy and literature in the 20th century has intensified. Evidence for this state of affairs are the many excellent philosophers who are also novelists – some of th...

Neurofeedback (NF) aims to alter neural activity by enhancing self-regulation skills. Over the past decade NF has received considerable attention as a potential intervention option for many somatic and mental conditions and ADHD in particular. However, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated insufficient superiority of NF compared to treatment as usual and sham conditions. It has been argued that the reason for limited NF effects may be attributable to participants' challenges to self-regulate the targeted neural activity. Still, there is support of NF (...) efficacy when only considering so-called “standard protocols,” such as Slow Cortical Potential NF training (SCP-NF). This PROSPERO registered systematic review following PRISMA criteria searched literature databases for studies applying SCP-NF protocols. Our review focus concerned the operationalization of self-regulatory success, and protocol-details that could influence the evaluation of self-regulation. Such details included; electrode placement, number of trials, length per trial, proportions of training modalities, handling of artifacts and skill-transfer into daily-life. We identified a total of 63 eligible reports published in the year 2000 or later. SCP-NF protocol-details varied considerably on most variables, except for electrode placement. However, due to the increased availability of commercial systems, there was a trend to more uniform protocol-details. Although, token-systems are popular in SCP-NF for ADHD, only half reported a performance-based component. Also, transfer exercises have become a staple part of SCP-NF. Furthermore, multiple operationalizations of regulatory success were identified, limiting comparability between studies, and perhaps usefulness of so-called transfer-exercises, which purpose is to facilitate the transfer of the self-regulatory skills into every-day life. While studies utilizing SCP as Brain-Computer-Interface mainly focused on the acquisition of successful self-regulation, clinically oriented studies often neglected this. Congruently, rates of successful regulators in clinical studies were mostly low (<50%). The relation between SCP self-regulation and behavior, and how symptoms in different disorders are affected, is complex and not fully understood. Future studies need to report self-regulation based on standardized measures, in order to facilitate both comparability and understanding of the effects on symptoms. When applied as treatment, future SCP-NF studies also need to put greater emphasis on the acquisition of self-regulation (before evaluating symptom outcomes).Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021260087, Identifier: CRD42021260087. (shrink)

Esta é uma pesquisa sobre representação temática de folhetos de cordel, utilizando a o Percurso Gerativo de Sentido e seus processos. O objetivo geral é propor a aplicação da análise de assunto - leitura técnica e extração de conceitos - em cordéis de J. Borges, com base nos procedimentos semânticos de tematização e figurativização do percurso gerativo de sentido. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo documental com abordagem qualitativa, tendo como lócus, o Memorial J. Borges. O corpus da pesquisa foi (...) constituído por 10 títulos de cordéis, dos 48 títulos disponíveis no Memorial, tendo como critério de escolha, as obras mais citadas de J. Borges, nos diferentes meios de comunicação. A análise dos cordéis escolhidos foi realizada da seguinte forma: a) leitura integral dos cordéis; b) identificação das figuras; c) reprodução da sextilha, setilha ou décima onde a figura foi identificada, no quadro referente à obra; d) enquadramento da figura ao tema pertinente. Os resultados apontam que a utilização dos procedimentos de tematização e figurativização do percurso gerativo de sentido em conjunto com a análise de assunto, possibilitou resultados satisfatórios nas ações de leitura técnica e extração de conceitos que, por sua vez, trará eficiência e qualidade no processo da representação temática. (shrink)

A formação técnico-profissional é parte integrante do ODS da educação (ODS 4) e o seu papel transversal para uma transformação global é amplamente reconhecido. O presente estudo avalia a efetividade do modelo de formação técnico profissional baseado em competências (MFPBC) e sua influência setorial. O estudo emprega dados de questionário de satisfação aplicado a quinhentos (500) intervenientes (gestores das Instituições do Ensino Profissional (IEPs), formadores, formandos, pais/encarregados de educação e alguns empregadores) no sistema de educação profissional (EP) em Moçambique, referentes (...) a 2019-2020. As avaliações usam a estatística descritiva e o teste de qualidade de ajuste qui-quadrado para analisar as diferenças do valor esperado do valor observado das variáveis em estudo. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para necessidade de revisão do MFPBPC introduzido em Moçambique no ano de 2019, pois revela incongruências na sua implementação. As incongruências estão relacionadas à falta de comunicação entre as partes interessadas, nomeadamente: formandos, IEPs, empregadores e órgão regulador, fenômeno que foi evidenciado por mais de 60% dos respondentes que avaliaram negativamente o modelo em quase todas as questões. Existe divergência entre o contexto real e o objetivo do governo proposto na Lei nº 23/2014, qual seja, formar em qualidade e quantidade profissionais para responder os desafios do mercado de trabalho. Em relação à introdução da MFPBC, verificou-se uma relação positiva entre o número de graduados e o número de empregados/empreendedores. Em relação ao nível de empregabilidade dos alunos formados no MFPBC, 77,4% responderam negativamente, em contraste com a Lei nº 23/2014 que preconiza ser objetivo do MFPBC melhorar as perspectivas de empregabilidade e de emprego dos formandos e graduados da educação profissional. Os intervenientes avaliaram o nível de domínio do MFPBC negativamente, o que pode estar associado à dificuldade de comunicação entre o órgão regulador, as IEPs, os empregadores e os alunos. Para que se encontre a excelência do modelo, é necessário que todos os intervenientes participem na planificação, execução e controle da formação com vista a se alcançar as expectativas e competências específicas para que cada graduado possa desempenhar o seu trabalho com sucesso. Deste modo, recomenda-se a implantação de currículos por competências baseados em situações concretas para garantir o desenvolvimento económico e social. (shrink)

A Ontologia Orientada ao Objeto (OOO) é uma linha filosófica contemporânea muito difundida no universo acadêmico, com vários debates acalorados ao longo do globo, mas ainda bastante tímida quando o assunto é o campo da Teoria Social. O objetivo desse ensaio é compreender esse ponto de cruzamento, muitas vezes até de tensão, tomando como ponto de partida as ideias de Graham Harman e suas implicações epistêmico-ontológicas. Como resultado, existe nesse nosso horizonte investigativo uma nova atmosfera teórica, uma nova forma de (...) mergulhar no campo das ciências humanas e sociais, o que vai ser chamado aqui de Teoria Social Orientada ao Objeto (T. S. O. O). Quais os desdobramentos de uma T. S. O. O? Quais são suas vantagens diante de outras tradições já existentes? Essa e outras perguntas vão ser respondidas ao longo destas páginas, pelo menos, enquanto um breve aperitivo. (shrink)

What happens when we unexpectedly see an attractive potential partner? Previous studies in laboratory settings suggest that the visualization of attractive and unattractive photographs influences the perception of time. The major aim of this research is to study time perception and attraction in a realistic social scenario, by investigating if changes in subjective time measured during a speed dating are associated with attraction. The duration of the dates was variable and participants had to estimate the time that passed. Among other (...) measures, participants also rated the potential partners in terms of their physical attractiveness before and after the dates and reported if they would like to exchange contact with them. Results showed that, in a real speed dating situation, when there is a perception of the partner as being physically more attractive, women tend to overestimate the duration of that meeting, whereas men tend to underestimate its duration. Such changes may reflect evolutionary adaptations which make the human cognitive system more responsive in situations related to reproductive fitness. (shrink)

A tese aborda a concepção dos mundos visível e invisível dos indígenas Karipuna, tendo o pajé como líder e xamã que possui habilidade ancestral de comunicação com os seres sobrenaturais, manifestação cultural desse grupo étnico que faz parte dos povos indígenas do Oiapoque, investigados no período de 2016/2019. O viés particular da tese propõe foco nas ideias cosmológicas como substrato do ritual denominado Turé, dentro da perspectiva da história da ciência e da etnociência, buscando estabelecer uma interface da Cosmologia Indígena (...) e a História da Ciência no Brasil. Esta pesquisa justifica-se pela necessidade de descrever, do ponto vista cosmológico, a partir da observação do céu, por meio das Sete Estrelas e a Estrela D’Alva – estrelas sobrenaturais que caracterizam as crenças e rituais –, as narrativas míticas do xamanismo Karipuna. Os métodos utilizados incluem levantamento de fontes impressas secundárias, história oral, análise documental de fontes primárias e observação participante in loco. Espera-se, assim, contribuir para o conhecimento cosmológico dos indígenas brasileiros de um grupo étnico da Terra Indígena Uaçá, município do Oiapoque, no estado do Amapá. (shrink)

Este trabalho aborda a questão da fotografia como dispositivo para a memória institucional e, dessa forma, apresenta conceitos do que vem a ser memória e memória institucional. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa descreve a fotografia como documento, em consequência, explica a importância e a relação da fotografia como um dispositivo para a memória. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como bibliográfica e o levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado na base BRAPCI, com o objetivo geral de demonstrar a fotografia como um dispositivo para a memória institucional. (...) Os resultados elucidaram a relação entre fotografia e memória, destacando a primeira enquanto um dispositivo de memória institucional. (shrink)

This study explores the use of deictic gestures, vocalizations and words compared to content-loaded, or representational gestures and words in children’s early one- and two-element utterances. We analyze the spontaneous production of four children, observed longitudinally from 10–12 to 24–25 months of age, focusing on the components of children’s utterances, the information encoded, and the temporal relationship between gestures and vocalizations or words that were produced in combination. Results indicate that while the gestural and vocal modalities are meaningfully and temporally (...) integrated form the earliest stages, deictic and representational elements are unevenly distributed in the gestural vs. the vocal modality, and in one vs. two-element utterances. The findings suggest that while gestural deixis plays a primary role in allowing children to define and articulate their vocal productions, representational skills appear to be markedly more constrained in the gestural as compared to the vocal modality. (shrink)