We present a Hilbert-style axiomatization of a recently introduced logic, called G'3 G'3 is based on a 3-valued semantics. We prove a soundness and completeness theorem. The replacement theorem holds in G'3. As it has already been shown in previous work, G'3 can express some non-monotonic semantics. We prove that G'3can define the same class of functions as Lukasiewicz 3 valued logic. Moreover, we identify some normal forms for this logic.

The authors of Beziau and Franceschetto work with logics that have the property of not satisfying any of the formulations of the principle of non contradiction, Béziau and Franceschetto also analyze, among the three-valued logics, which of these logics satisfy this property. They prove that there exist only four of such logics, but only two of them are worthwhile to study. The language of these logics does not consider implication as a connective. However, the enrichment of a language with an (...) implication connective leads us to more interesting systems, therefore we look for one implication for these logics and we study further properties that the logics obtain when this connective is added to these systems. (shrink)

In memoriam José Arrazola Ramírez The logic $\textbf{G}^{\prime}_3$ was introduced by Osorio et al. in 2008; it is a three-valued logic, closely related to the paraconsistent logic $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$ introduced by Osorio et al. in 2014. The logic $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$ is defined in terms of a multi-valued semantics and has the property that each theorem in $\textbf{G}^{\prime}_3$ is a theorem in $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$. Kripke-type semantics has been given to $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$ in two different ways by Borja et al. in 2016. In this (...) work, we continue the study of $\textbf{CG}^{\prime}_3$, obtaining a Hilbert-type axiomatic system and proving a soundness and completeness theorem for this logic. (shrink)

In 2016, Béziau introduced the notion of genuine paraconsistent logic as logic that does not verify the principle of non-contradiction; as an important example, he presented the genuine paraconsist...

By weakening an inference rule satisfied by logic daC, we define a new paraconsistent logic, which is weaker than logic \ and G′ 3, enjoys properties presented in daC like the substitution theorem, and possesses a strong negation which makes it suitable to express intutionism. Besides, daC ' helps to understand the relationships among other logics, in particular daC, \ and PH1.

We propose an extension of answer sets, that we call safe beliefs, that can be used to study several properties and notions of answer sets and logic programming from a more general point of view. Our definition, based on intuitionistic logic and following ideas from D. Pearce [Stable inference as intuitionistic validity, Logic Programming 38 79–91], also provides a general approach to define several semantics based on different logics or inference systems. We prove that, in particular, intuitionistic logic can be (...) replaced with any other proper intermediate logic without modifying the resulting semantics. We also show that the answer set semantics satisfies an important property, the “extension by definition”, that can be used to construct program translations. As a result we are able to provide a polynomial translation from propositional theories into the class of disjunctive programs. (shrink)

We propose an extension of answer sets, that we call safe beliefs, that can be used to study several properties and notions of answer sets and logic programming from a more general point of view. Our definition, based on intuitionistic logic and following ideas from D. Pearce [Stable inference as intuitionistic validity, Logic Programming 38 79–91], also provides a general approach to define several semantics based on different logics or inference systems. We prove that, in particular, intuitionistic logic can be (...) replaced with any other proper intermediate logic without modifying the resulting semantics. We also show that the answer set semantics satisfies an important property, the “extension by definition”, that can be used to construct program translations. As a result we are able to provide a polynomial translation from propositional theories into the class of disjunctive programs. (shrink)

Recently, Brass and Dix showed 143–165) that the well founded semantics WFS can be defined as a confluent calculus of transformation rules. This led not only to a simple extension to disjunctive programs 167–213), but also to a new computation of the well-founded semantics which is linear for a broad class of programs. We take this approach as a starting point and generalize it considerably by developing a general theory of Confluent LP-systems CS . Such a system CS is a (...) rewriting system on the set of all logic programs over a fixed signature L and it induces in a natural way a canonical semantics. Moreover, we show four important applications of this theory: most of the well-known semantics are induced by confluent LP-systems , there are many more transformation rules that lead to confluent LP-systems , semantics induced by such systems can be used to model aggregation , the new systems can be used to construct interesting counterexamples to some conjectures about the space of well-behaved semantics. (shrink)

This article discusses the concepts of collective subjectivity and collective causality as an alternative to methodological individualism, structuralism and functionalism. It resumes Aristotelian issues in a realist framework and applies, by way of example, its main concepts to criticize and suggest a distinct view of capabilities"" and ""freedom"" in connection with collective subjectivity.".

Existen dos corrientes de la filosofía analítica en la historiografía: el neopositivismo de Hempel y la filosofía analítica de la historia de Gardiner y Danto. Para el primero, el modelo de la historiografía debe ser similar al de todo conocimiento científico, a saber, el modelo nomotético de las ciencias físicas y naturales. Para Gardiner y Danto, en cambio, este modelo debe desprenderse del propósito particular de los historiadores y del lenguaje acorde a dichos propósitos. Sus conclusiones abrieron la posibilidad de (...) una nueva perspectiva de análisis, el texto historiográfico, lo que impulsó la reflexión hacia la filosofía del lenguaje y la hermenéutica. There are two historiographic prospects of analytical philosophy: Hempel’s neo-positivism and Gardiner and Danto’s analytical philosophy of history. According to Hempel, the model of historiography should be the same as all scientific knowledge, namely, the nomothetic model of the physical and natural sciences. According to Gardiner and Danto, however, this model must arise from the purpose of historians and language consistent with those purposes. Gardiner and Danto’s conclusions opened the possibility of a new analytical perspective, the historiographic text, prompting the debate toward the philosophy of language and hermeneutics. (shrink)

Este escrito es un esfuerzo por mostrar la importancia de un enfoque fenomenológico para clarificar, en cierto sentido, las explicaciones cognitivas sobre una posible awareness corporal. Shaun Gallagher, por ejemplo, es uno de los autores que ha intentado implementar descripciones fenomenológicas de..

El escrito se ocupa de reflexionar sobre dos nociones que conciernen al ámbito académico: investigar e investigación. En la primera sección, revisamos la etimología para considerar los niveles de sentido implicados en cada una de las expresiones mencionadas. En la segunda, nos preguntamos por el origen de la investigación y ofrecemos como respuesta la idea de afección desarrollada por Spinoza en su Ética. Y en la tercera, nos interrogamos por el modo como el acto investigativo se manifiesta en un ser (...) humano el papel de la pregunta. Cerramos la reflexión haciendo notar que investigar es desplegar, frente a lo que desconocemos, una actitud emotivo-intelectual a la cual nombramos como la devoción de lo ignorado. (shrink)

El texto que aquí presentamos invita a considerar la relación que puede ser establecida entre la tragedia ática y la tradición mítica griega. Luego de describir las condiciones culturales que hacen posible dicha relación, pasamos a formular la idea de que la fiesta religiosa dionisíaca organizada en forma de concurso teatral se fundamenta en un proceso de reaprehensión mítica que sirve de sustento al drama en general, y a la tragedia en particular. Solo que, a nuestro juicio, y tal es (...) la conjetura que formulamos, la reaprehensión del mito que conduce al nuevo ordenamiento poético denominado tragedia entraña tres fases: a) de selección y modificación; b) de reestructuración; y c) de codificación. La consideración de los aspectos sociales y artísticos de cada una de estas fases contribuye a dotar de sentido la conjetura expuesta. (shrink)

Epícteto, el filósofo estoico del siglo II de la e.c., nos presenta su visión ética en este discurso Sobre el embellecimiento . Se apoya en los preceptos socráticos del “Conócete a ti mismo” y “Cuídate a ti mismo”, pero los complementa maravillosamente con el “Ordénate a ti mismo”. Es una visión en la que la ética y la estética son embellecidas por la cosmética.

Résumé La question posée par Heidegger : « Comment Dieu entre-t-il dans la philosophie? » offre un cadre pour dégager quelques lignes directrices de la pensée de Josef Pieper. On tente ici de reconduire la philosophie à son étonnement initial, où se discernent une exigence de « ne rien négliger » et une approbation du monde.Heidegger’s question : “How does God enter philosophy?”, offers a frame for drawing some of the main lines of Josef Pieper’s thought. We try here to (...) lead philosophy back to its initial wonder, where may be discerned both a requirement to “neglect nothing” and an approval of the world. (shrink)

According to Glaucon’s conception of justice, the government is constituted by a contract which determines the legal and the just. From its constitution the ruler may control the subjects’ justice without being subject to the contract himself. To reinforce Thrasymachus’ speech Glaucon will offer Socrates a challenge where the latter has to prove that justice is superior to injustice. Thus, it is Socrates’ task to show this under any counterfactual circumstance, always bringing benefit to the one who acts justly. The (...) difficulty in responding to the challenge proposed by Glaucon is shown by the case in the Republic where the fulfillment of justice seems not to bring benefits, but penalty to the agent. This is precisely the case of the Philosopher Ruler and his coercion to rule. For that one must understand the reason why the philosopher is coerced to rule, not as a matter of choice, but something whose denial is made impossible due to justice. Socrates’ solution to the challenge of justice starts from the definitions of political justice, where each citizen is compelled to do his own duty, and psychic justice, defined as a harmony between the parts of the soul. Our argument shows that the justice within the philosopher’s soul itself is justified by the necessity of fulfilling the justice in Kallipolis, as well as allowing good government. (shrink)

La periode universitaire du Moyen Age se caracterise par un veritable renouveau des formes de production de la pensee: nouvelles sources, nouvelle organisation du savoir, nouvelles theories de l'exegese mais egalement nouvelles pratiques interpretatives. L'ambition de ce livre est double: mettre au jour de maniere unitaire la pratique hermeneutique de l'ensemble de l'oeuvre de Thomas d'Aquin, et proposer par ce biais une methodologie pour optimiser l'etude de cette pratique chez d'autres auteurs de la meme epoque. A cet effet, l'ouvrage propose (...) une analyse systematique de la locution intentio auctoris a partir d'un corpus de pres de sept cent unites textuelles. La portee interpretative de ce syntagme est ici a la fois definie et mise a l'epreuve en vue d'en faire un veritable outil pour les etudes hermeneutiques. L'esquisse lexicale de cette locution, le decodage des criteres de lecture mis en place par Thomas d'Aquin et la determination du caractere juste d'un texte seront les etapes cle de ce parcours. La periode universitaire du Moyen Age se caracterise par un veritable renouveau des formes de production de la pensee: nouvelles sources, nouvelle organisation du savoir, nouvelles theories de l'exegese mais egalement nouvelles pratiques interpretatives. L'ambition de ce livre est double: mettre au jour de maniere unitaire la pratique hermeneutique de l'ensemble de l'oeuvre de Thomas d'Aquin, et proposer par ce biais une methodologie pour optimiser l'etude de cette pratique chez d'autres auteurs de la meme epoque. A cet effet, l'ouvrage propose une analyse systematique de la locution intentio auctoris... partir d'un corpus de pres de sept cent unites textuelles. La portee interpretative de ce syntagme est ici... la fois definie et mise... l'epreuve en vue d'en faire un veritable outil pour les etudes hermeneutiques. L'esquisse lexicale de cette locution, le decodage des criteres de lecture mis en place par Thomas d'Aquin et la determination du caractere juste d'un texte seront les etapes cle de ce parcours. (shrink)

O NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO E A CONCRETIZAÇÃO DA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA IDOSA.

The present work aims at studying the myth of Gyges’ ring from Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s work The Reveries of a solitary Walker. Gyges’ ring is a magic artefact, allowing its bearer to be visible or invisible according to his will. The ring’s myth is portraited for the first time in the Second Book of Plato’s Republic. Thusly, our article is divided in two parts: the first one presents an analysis of the Republic observing its challenge of justice and the relation it (...) holds with the art of ruling; the second part presents an investigation of Rousseau’s work to show how he had absorbed the ring’s myth. The main objective of our work is the comparison between Plato’s and Rousseau’s view of Gyges’ ring, and the investigation of the concept of nature as one of the pillars of the social contract theory. As results we present the way Rousseau answers to the challenge of justice from the concept of justice within the soul, whereas no harm could be done to others. In his reflexion on the ring, Rousseau seems to point at the existence of an interior justice according to its “natural inclination”, opposite to any obligation of the positive law among men. Therefore, one needs to observe that Rousseau is defending justice according to the natural rights holding that any contract established among men should be according to nature. This agrees with our thesis of a possible political ontology based on firstly, the concept of a universal justice, and secondly, on the art of ruling according to justice. (shrink)

O nosso intuito é problematizar o ensino da filosofia como uma disciplina a ser aprendida. Pretendemos desta forma, trazer questões que possam auxiliar a nossa investigação para uma solução coerente e satisfatória. Para isso, retomaremos alguns conceitos gregos de educação, focando-nos no séc. V a.C. através da tragédia e da sofística para demonstrar a influência destas dentro daquilo que chamamos educação. Se tomarmos o mestre como o artífice e o discípulo como objeto deste ensino, devemos ter em mente que a (...) arte de ensinar é conveniente ao discípulo e não ao mestre. O mestre, portanto, é instrumento para que se possa ensinar tal arte ao discípulo. O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir o ensino, seu instrumento e seu objeto com o intuito de repensar o caminho da filosofia na educação. Para isso, iremos nos apoiar nos conceitos paidéuticos na formação do homem grego da Grécia Clássica. Palavras-chave: Educação. Filosofia. Educação. Tragédia. Sofística. Homem Grego. (shrink)

O presente estudo propõe-se a estudar a região do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul sob o viés da construção político-administrativa e das relações sociais. A partir de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, são analisados e discutidos os processos de emancipação dos municípios que constituem a região do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Sendo assim, trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e bibliográfico, que se vale de registros institucionais e históricos. Constatou-se que o fenômeno da emancipação na região pode ser (...) dividido em ciclos, em que se destacam o posterior à Constituição de 1988 e o dos primeiros anos da década de 1990. (shrink)

A representação da infância no cinema latino-americano tem uma larga tradição ao problematizar questões sociais específicas da nossa realidade. Neste artigo, a criança e o adolescente são situados em relação ao cenário da fronteira entre o México e Estados Unidos em três filmes: Al otro lado, de Gustavo Loza (México, 2004); La misma luna, de Patricia Riggen (Méx/EUA, 2007) e La jaula de oro, de Diego Quemada-Díez (Méx/Espanha, 2013). Para isso, elaboramos uma discusão sobre território, mobilidade e fronteira como forma (...) de pensarmos como a criança e o adolescente encarnaram uma espécie de lugar de falência das políticas públicas e diagnosticaram as distopias construídas no audiovisual em torno da ideia da “infância abandonada”. (shrink)

Este livro aborda a Filosofia Clínica, método criado pelo psicanalista e filósofo Lúcio Packter, que direciona os procedimentos de diagnose e tratamento a partir da metodologia filosófica. A elaboração da obra conta com dois procedimentos distintos - o desenvolvimento de conferências e estudos apresentados sobre o assunto e uma entrevista com a Assessoria Virtual do Instituto Packter. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do autor é mostrar que a Filosofia Clínica consiste em uma técnica de ajuda pessoal, que respeita o sofrimento e (...) o mundo singular dos indivíduos. (shrink)

No presente estudo, discuto e sintetizo o conceito de célula vegetal de M. J. Schleiden e o conceito de animal elementar que elaboro a partir da ideia de “animal abstrato” sugerida por R. E. Grant. A elaboração e a interpretação que conduz a essa síntese é feita ampliando a ideia do desenvolvimento como um princípio regulador, proposta por E. Cassirer. Concebo tal ideia como expressão de uma racionalidade morfológica genética. O resultado geral obtido é que a célula vegetal e o (...) animal elementar são duas variações de uma mesma forma que exibe uma íntima relação estrutural-funcional, manifesta empiricamente em duas modalidades essenciais de vida, uma simples e singular e outra complexa e plural. A interação de ambas torna inteligível fenômenos básicos da vida vegetal e animal a partir de uma matriz genética comum. (shrink)

It is a review about a book whose abstract doesn't make sense at all.

This work aims to demonstrate the relation between the Spinozist concept of resistance, the role that the socialization of the affects plays in the construction of the State and the reasons by which Spinoza states the democratic foundation of the power of State. This paper also aims to expose the elements in Spinoza’s political philosophy that enables him to refute the transcendence of political power, the generalized spread of hate, the voluntarism and the political moralism.

Este artículo presenta algunos de los principales ejemplos que caracterizan la histórica aversión del bloque en el poder a la construcción de la columna vertebral del Estado: un contrato fiscal sólido. Los esfuerzos de algunos gobiernos y de algunos funcionarios interesados en fortalecer la capacidad infraestructural del Estado se han tropezado regularmente con los intereses de unas fracciones de la élite que, adversas a la redistribución, han sido exitosas en bloquear el fortalecimiento fiscal del Estado. La persistencia de la larga (...) guerra civil colombiana no es independiente de la falta de recursos necesarios para poner fin la guerra y financiar una paz sostenible. (shrink)

El autor propone visualizar cómo las asimetrías en las economías de mercado actuales han determinado distintos escenarios de disyuntiva entre lo económico y lo social, quedando cuestionada la real capacidad de creación de espacios de participación democrática, los que se confrontan con una realidad que niega constantemente los derechos fundamentales de los individuos. Se pregunta si la democracia es la antítesis del capitalismo y argumenta que el estado de bienestar representa un escenario de conciliación. Finalmente explora distintas propuestas de terceras (...) vías: neokeynesianismo, poscapitalismo, socialdemocracia. (shrink)

Una potencia de libre pensamiento inigualada atraviesa la filosofía del siglo XX. De la mano con las filosofías nietzscheana y heideggeriana que tan profundamente marcan nuestra época, surgen dos filósofos franceses cuya obra llena de pasión incita a la reflexión incesante. Cabe agregar a ello la silenciosa complicidad con que llegan a las intuiciones más profundas de sus respectivos pensamientos. Surge, entonces, un arduo y fructífero camino para la investigación: la dilucidación de las importantes conexiones con que se desenvuelve la (...) creación filosófica de Deleuze y Foucault. (shrink)

Resenha de: Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} ORTEGA Y GASSET, José. Una interpretación de la historia universal: en torno a Toynbee . Obras Completas . v. IX. Madrid: Alianza, 1997.

1Department of Philosophy, University of Bristol, 9 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TB, UKScience Without Laws Ronald Giere Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press 1999 x + 285 Hardback£17.50.

Artículos Ciudadanía y sociedad civil en las democracias contemporáneas. Citizenship and civil society in contemporary democracies. de La Vega, Marta El poder simbólico de los medios de comunicación.The transformations of the political in the field of the symbolic.González Broquen, Ximena La rutinizacion de la indiferencia ética y el aplanamiento de los valores en la Argentina actual. Ethical indifference routine and smoothing moral in contemporary Argentine. Meabe, Joaquín E. Jürgen Habermas: entre la ética del discurso y la ética de la especie. (...) Jürgen Habermas: between the ethics of discourse and the ethics of the species. Moreno Lax, Alejandro Derechos humanos y proceso justo.Human rights and rightful process. Ramos Pascua, José Antonio El Fedón o la trascendencia del alma.Phaedo or the inmortality of the soul. Robledo Rodriguez, Alejandro La enseñanza del derecho en los países de derecho escrito.Legal education in civil law systems. Rodríguez Ferrara, Mauricio De cómo los latinoamericanos percibimos la pena de muerte. How latin-americans view the death penalti. Rodríguez Ferrara, Mauricio La doctrina platónica del alma en el 'Timeo'.The platonic doctrine of soul in 'Thimaeus'. Suzzarini, Andrés Interdisciplinares Bajo los murmullos: tributo a Juan Rulfo. Under the whispers: a homage to Juan Rulfo. Camacho Crispín, Marco Antonio Recensiones Semblanza del jurista venezolano Tulio Chiossone. Belandria, Margarita Informaciones Índice acumulado. (shrink)