O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar as consequências que o fenômeno do niilismo tem sobre algumas personagens das obras de Nietzsche e Dostoiévski. Tentaremos mostrar que Kiríllov e Stavróguin, personagens de Os Demônios, e o Adivinho, deAssim falou Zaratustra,padecem de um certo distúrbio paradoxal de personalidade. Qual seja, para Nietzsche, a desagregação dos instintos ou, em termos dostoiévskianos, a consciência cindida.Palavras-chave: Niilismo; Kiríllov e Stavróguin; Adivinho; Dostoiévski; Nietzsche. AbstractThis paper’s goal is to compare the consequences that the phenomenon of nihilism (...) has over certain characters of Dostoevsky’s and Nietzsche’s work. We shall demonstrate that Kirillov and Stavróguin, from Demons, and the Soothsayer, from Thus Spoke Zarathustra, suffer from a certain paradoxical disturb of personality. That is, for Nietzsche, the breakdown of instincts or, in Dostoevskian terms, the divided conscience.Keywords:Nihilism; Death of God; Values; Kirillov; Soothsayer. ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-1716https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7857-247Xhttps://orcid.org/000 0-0003-3690-6288. (shrink)

O objetivo proposto pelo presente trabalho é o de expor a crítica elaborada por Schopenhauer à moral kantiana, em especial, na medida em que ela se volta para os conceitos de vontade-livre e imperativo categórico. Com efeito, Schopenhauer (1788-1860) reconhece os méritos de Kant (1724-1804) não só no âmbito da epistemologia, como também na ética, por tê-la desvinculado de todo eudaimonismo. Porém, ele ainda assim direciona-lhe algumas críticas com enfoque em questões como o formalismo da ética kantiana e o seu (...) caráter dietético, i. e., prescritivo, que aqueles conceitos lhe adicionam. (shrink)

Nosso objetivo neste artigo é discutir o problema da demanda excessiva(overdemandingness) colocada pelos modelos de responsabilidade de assistência na discussão sobre pobreza mundial. Tomaremos a abordagem de Singer como paradigmática e argumentaremos que seu grau de exigência gera um impasse teórico na discussão. Este impasse, acreditamos, só pode ser resolvido recorrendo a outros modelos de responsabilidade, e.g., o modelo causal. Isso implica rejeitar uma das principais pressuposições metodológicas de Singer, a saber, a separação entre aspectos factuais e normativos da discussão. (...) Nossa estratégia, porém, ainda pressupõe o pano de fundo do modelo de assistência, que deve apenas ser especificado por outros modelos. Com isso pretendemos mostrar que a acusação frequente de implausibilidadelevantada contra a abordagem de Singer não é principalmente uma questão do conteúdo do dever imposto. Mas sim da força moral das razões oferecidas pelos modelos de assistência para fundamentar deveres. (shrink)

We aimed to characterize the age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and performance perception during the menstrual cycle and examined the impact of these reproductive variables on body composition, morphology, and body weight satisfaction in Brazilian elite futsal players. The study consisted of 115 female Brazilian elite futsal players from the top national teams. Data were collected during the twentieth Women’s Brazil Futsal Cup. Players were interviewed and self-reported their age of onset of training, age at (...) menarche, menstrual periodicity, and the menstrual period, where they performed best. We also asked for what they considered to be their ideal body weight as well as information related to their training. Subsequently, anthropometric measurements were performed to estimate the body composition and determine morphological characteristics. Fifty-nine players were postmenarche-trained and 52 were premenarche-trained. Eighteen, 65, and 28 were classified as early, normal, and late menarche, respectively. Only 11 and 1 had irregular menstrual cycles and were amenorrheic, respectively. Seventy-three, 23, and 9 reported that their game performance was the best at the follicular phase, menses, and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. No associations between the four reproductive-related variables were found. Postmenarche-trained players had significant lower age at menarche and higher percentage body fat. The somatotype profile registered lower ectomorphy rate for the postmenarche-trained participants after controlling for covariates. Early menarche group presented higher sum of six skinfold thickness and endomorphy rate compared to normal and late menarche groups. No differences were found when menstrual periodicity groups and best performance groups were compared, except for higher femur width in the regular menstrual cycle group compared to the irregular one. The association between body weight satisfaction and the four reproductive-related variables were not observed. Premenarche-trained Brazilian elite futsal players had the menarche later than the postmenarche-trained athletes. Most of the participants had menarche age classified as “normal,” presented “regular” menstrual cycles and perceived to perform better during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. (shrink)