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  1.  11
    Grounds for surrogate decision-making in Japanese clinical practice: a qualitative survey.Atsushi Asai, Taketoshi Okita, Aya Enzo, Kayoko Ohnishi & Masashi Tanaka - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-12.
    BackgroundIn the coming years, surrogate decision-making is expected to become highly prevalent in Japanese clinical practice. Further, there has been a recent increase in activities promoting advance care planning, which potentially affects the manner in which judgements are made by surrogate decision-makers. This study aims to clarify the grounds on which surrogate decision-makers in Japan base their judgements.MethodsIn this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine the judgement grounds in surrogate decision-making for critical life-sustaining treatment choices in acute care (...)
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  2.  27
    A Critical Discussion of Arguments Against the Introduction of a Two-Tier Healthcare System in Japan.Atsushi Asai, Taketoshi Okita, Masashi Tanaka & Yasuhiro Kadooka - 2017 - Asian Bioethics Review 9 (3):171-181.
    In medical ethics, an appropriate national healthcare system that meets the requirements of justice in healthcare resource allocation is a major concern. Japan is no exception to this trend, and the pros and cons of introducing a two-tier healthcare system, which permits insured medical care services to be provided along with services not covered by social health insurance, have been the subject of debate for many years. The Supreme Court ruled in 2011 that it was valid for the government to (...)
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  3.  14
    Japan should initiate the discussion on voluntary assisted dying legislation now.Miki Fukuyama, Masashi Tanaka, Yoko Shimakura, Taketoshi Okita & Atsushi Asai - 2023 - BMC Medical Ethics 24 (1):1-10.
    BackgroundNo laws or official guidelines govern voluntary assisted dying (VAD) in Japan. A legislative bill on the termination of life-sustaining measures has yet to be sent to deliberations for legislation, due to strong opposition that has prevented it from being submitted to the Diet. However, Japan has recently witnessed several cases involving VAD.Main textAgainst this backdrop, we argue that Japan should begin discussion on VAD legislation, referring to the Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 (VADA2017), which was established in 2017 in (...)
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  4.  10
    Physician use of the phrase “due to old age” to address complaints of elderly symptoms in Japanese medical settings: The merits and drawbacks.Atsushi Asai, Taketoshi Okita, Masashi Tanaka, Seiji Bito & Motoki Ohnishi - 2022 - Clinical Ethics 17 (1):14-21.
    In everyday medical settings in Japan, physicians occasionally tell an elderly patient that their symptoms are “due to old age,” and there is some concern that patient care might be negatively impacted as a result. That said, as this phrase can have multiple connotations and meanings, there are certain instances in which the use of this phrase may not necessarily be indicative of ageism, or prejudice against the elderly. One of the goals in medical care is to address pain and (...)
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  5.  12
    Cross-sectional survey of surrogate decision-making in Japanese medical practice.Asai Atsushi, Takethoshi Okita, Aya Enzo, Seiji Bito & Masashi Tanaka - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-11.
    BackgroundInstances of surrogate decision-making are expected to increase with the rise in hospitalised older adults in Japan. Few large-scale studies have comprehensively examined the entire surrogate decision-making process. This study aimed to gather information to assess the current state of surrogate decision-making in Japan.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using online questionnaires. A total of 1000 surrogate decision-makers responded to the questionnaire. We examined the characteristics of surrogate decision-makers and patients, content of surrogate decision-making meeting regarding life-sustaining treatment between the doctors (...)
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