This paper studies a combined system of intuitionistic and classical propositional logic from proof-theoretic viewpoints. Based on the semantic treatment of Humberstone (J Philos Log 8:171–196, 1979) and del Cerro and Herzig (Frontiers of combining systems: FroCoS, Springer, 1996), a sequent calculus $$\textsf{G}(\textbf{C}+\textbf{J})$$ is proposed. An approximate idea of obtaining $$\textsf{G}(\textbf{C}+\textbf{J})$$ is adding rules for classical implication on top of the intuitionistic multi-succedent sequent calculus by Maehara (Nagoya Math J 7:45–64, 1954). However, in the semantic treatment, some formulas do not (...) satisfy heredity, which leads to the necessity of a restriction on the right rule for intuitionistic implication to keep the soundness of the calculus. The calculus $$\textsf{G}(\textbf{C}+\textbf{J})$$ enjoys cut elimination and Craig interpolation, whose detailed proofs are described in this paper. Cut elimination enables us to show the decidability of this combination both directly and syntactically. This paper also employs a canonical model argument to establish the strong completeness of Hilbert system $$\mathbf {C+J}$$ proposed by del Cerro and Herzig (Frontiers of combining systems: FroCoS, Springer, 1996). (shrink)

大地から生まれた自然農法の極意。米麦・野菜・果樹、あらゆる農の実践を縦横無尽に説く。「無」三部作実践篇。.

科挙のような儒教的制度を有さない他方、仏教によって葬儀や祭祀が主導されていた近世日本社会。そうした社会を生きる儒者達は、儒教儀礼、殊に東アジアで絶大な影響力を誇った『家礼』記載の喪祭礼を、どのように捉 え、そしていかにして実践しようと試みていたのか。長期間にわたってこの問題と真摯に向き合い続けた、山崎闇斎を学祖とする闇斎学派に着目、思想と社会とが様々に交錯する現場に立ち入ることで、これまで見落とされ てきた近世日本儒教の新しい一面を照らし出す。.

古代の土俗的にカミ信仰は、中世になると仏教の影響を受けて、教説としての「神道」を形成する。そして近世には儒教の影響を受けて、広く学問と思想の世界を席巻していく。そこには、外来思想の流入に対する。民族の 文化的アイデンティティを追求しようとする日本人の思想的営為があった。カミ信仰の系譜。.

This paper shows Hilbert system (C+J)-, given by del Cerro and Herzig (1996) is semantically incomplete. This system is proposed as a proof theory for Kripke semantics for a combination of intuitionistic and classical propositional logic, which is obtained by adding the natural semantic clause of classical implication into intuitionistic Kripke semantics. Although Hilbert system (C+J)- contains intuitionistic modus ponens as a rule, it does not contain classical modus ponens. This paper gives an argument ensuring that the system (C+J)- is (...) semantically incomplete because of the absence of classical modus ponens. Our method is based on the logic of paradox, which is a paraconsistent logic proposed by Priest (1979). (shrink)

This book is an excellent book on business ethics and will be an invaluable resource for all readers who are keen to learn about the business ethics and key characteristics of a successful company. It focuses on the case study of a global company, Johnson & Johnson (J&J), which oversees more than 250 operating units throughout the world. Through extensive interviews with top executives at J&J's headquarters, including Masami Atarashi and Mitsuo Hirose and attending workshops, Prof Hiroo Takahashi acquired (...) an in-depth understanding of the management style of J&J, grasped the company's ethics and the code of business conduct which is shared by J&J's members throughout the world. (shrink)

Hegel, in his work _Philosophy of Right_, defines ownership through three elements: acquisition by occupation, use, and transfer. To own something involves mere acquisition and encompasses its appropriate use and potential transfer to others. Subsequently, the final aspect mentioned was the concept of infinite judgement. The acts of owning and transferring to others are diametrically opposed, and Hegel’s unique logic forcibly connects these opposing concepts. This form of infinite judgement was advocated by the young Hegel during the era of _Phenomenology (...) of Spirit_. There, he stated, “Spirit is a bone”. However, when he later wrote _Science of Logic_ or _Encyclopedia_, the formulation of infinite judgement changed to “Spirit is not something that is bone”. This shift was influenced by Kant. In _Logic_, the discourse advances into syllogism, inferential theory, leading to “Spirit is a bone for such-and-such reasons”. In essence, Hegel binarily connected spirit and bone in his youth and introduced a mediating term in this connection later in his life, establishing inferential links. However, the notion of forcibly connecting opposing concepts remains. Therefore, the statement “Ownership is transfer” represents an infinite judgement while simultaneously signifying syllogism that “I truly own this object if I can transfer it to others”. This contributes to the reasoning that “I and objects can be connected through the intermediary of others”, progressing to the inference that “I and others can be connected through objects”, thereby laying the foundation for society. (shrink)

人間の愛は「不合理」なもの?自由だと勝手に信じている人間が実際には「不自由」なのではないか?なぜ人間は生まれて死ななければならないという「不条理」に遭遇しているのか?そもそも、人間とは何か...?―「 行為」「意志」「存在」の限界をテーマに、行動経済学者や認知科学者、進化論者、実存主義者など多様な分野の学者からカント主義者や急進的フェミニスト、会社員、運動選手、大学生も加わり、楽しく深い広い議論を繰 り広げる。そこから見えてくる人間の姿とは―。.

自己決定概念は、患者の自律やインフォームド・コンセント、プライバシー概念等の基礎にあり、生命倫理において核となる重要な概念である。しかし、その歴史的由来について、またその概念の意味するところについて、 これまで本巻のように主題的に扱われることはほとんどなかった。ここでの諸論考は、「自己決定権」や「自律」概念の理解にも大いに役立つはずである。.

Recently, agent technologies have attracted a lot of interest as an emerging programming paradigm. With such agent technologies, services are provided through collaboration among agents. At the same time, the spread of mobile technologies and communication infrastructures has made it possible to access the network anytime and from anywhere. Using agents and mobile technologies to realize ubiquitous computing systems, we propose a new framework based on KODAMA and VPC. KODAMA provides distributed management mechanisms by using the concept of community and (...) communication infrastructure to deliver messages among agents without agents being aware of the physical network. VPC provides a method of defining peer-to-peer services based on agent communication with policy packages. By merging the characteristics of both KODAMA and VPC functions, we propose a new framework for ubiquitous computing environments. It provides distributed management functions according to the concept of agent communities, agent communications which are abstracted from the physical environment, and agent collaboration with policy packages. Using our new framework, we conducted a large-scale experiment in shopping malls in Nagoya, which sent advertisement e-mails to users' cellular phones according to user location and attributes. The empirical results showed that our new framework worked effectively for sales in shopping malls. (shrink)

人道的介入がもたらす非人道性、対テロ戦争における標的殺害の是非、平和構築や民主化の直面する矛盾―現代の国際社会が直面する、戦争と平和をめぐる「道義的難問」に挑む。.

The cellular basis of motor learning in the cerebellum has been attributed mostly to long-term depression (LTD) at excitatory parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses. LTD is induced when PFs are activated in conjunction with a climbing fiber (CF), the other excitatory input to PCs. Recently, by using whole-cell patch-clamp recording from PCs in cerebellar slices, a new form of synaptic plasticity was discovered. Stimulation of excitatory CFs induced a long-lasting (usually longer than 30 min) of 30 sec) and the (...) durations of RP (>30 min) strongly suggests that some intracellular biochemical machinery is involved. Pharmacological evidence suggests that protein kinases are involved in RP of inhibitory synapses and LTD of excitatory PF synapses. Besides the well-described LTD, RP could be a cellular mechanism that plays an important role in motor learning. (shrink)

本居宣長が師とした儒学者堀景山の初めての研究書。現在調査可能な資料を詳細に検討し、学問観や人物像の全貌を明らかにする。.

3. Benshōhōteki yuibutsuron e no michi.

教育における「教養」のあり方を、思想史や教育史、文化概念の問題から多角的に考察。多文化時代に人間性を養うことの意義を論じる。.

ケア概念の新しい解釈を機軸にして，生命と環境をめぐる倫理的諸問題を統一的に捉え，その構造と連関を読み解くとともに，安楽死やエンハンスメント問題等に対処する，従来とは異なる視点も提示している。また，日本 文化の基底にケア的なものを見出すことによって，本書は日本的な生命倫理の可能性を問うものでもある。.

熊本大学生命倫理論集第3巻のテーマは「生命の価値」そのものである。生命倫理が前提とする生命という価値についての根本的問いかけに、哲学、倫理学、法学、医学、脳科学、生物学等の様々な分野の専門家が本気で取 り組み、学問の境界を越えた議論を展開する。.