One purpose of cognitive diagnostic model is designed to make inferences about unobserved latent classes based on observed item responses. A heuristic for test construction based on the CDM information index proposed by Henson and Douglas has a far-reaching impact, but there are still many shortcomings. He and other researchers had also proposed new methods to improve or overcome the inherent shortcomings of the CDI test assembly method. In this study, one test assembly method of maximizing the minimum inter-class distance (...) is proposed by using mixed-integer linear programming, which aims to overcome the shortcomings that the CDI method is limited to summarize the discriminating power of each item into a single CDI index while neglecting the discriminating power for each pair of latent classes. The simulation results show that compared with the CDI test assembly and random test assembly, the new test assembly method performs well and has the highest accuracy rate in terms of pattern and attributes correct classification rates. Although the accuracy rate of the new method is not very high under item constraints, it is still higher than the CDI test assembly with the same constraints. (shrink)

Most discussions of racial fetish center on the question of whether it is caused by negative racial stereotypes. In this paper I adopt a different strategy, one that begins with the experiences of those targeted by racial fetish rather than those who possess it; that is, I shift focus away from the origins of racial fetishes to their effects as a social phenomenon in a racially stratified world. I examine the case of preferences for Asian women, also known as ‘yellow (...) fever’, to argue against the claim that racial fetishes are unobjectionable if they are merely based on personal or aesthetic preference rather than racial stereotypes. I contend that even if this were so, yellow fever would still be morally objectionable because of the disproportionate psychological burdens it places on Asian and Asian-American women, along with the role it plays in a pernicious system of racial social meanings. (shrink)

With the continuous development and improvement of Internet media technologies in China, the influence of livestream e-commerce is becoming increasingly prominent, and an increasing number of people are engaging in consumption activities in this field. It is important to study consumer stickiness in livestream e-commerce to promote economic structure adjustment and innovation-driven development. Therefore, in this study, we adopted the expectation confirmation theory as the theoretical framework and analyzed the ECT and stickiness. The study considered satisfaction as the previous influencing (...) factor of user and consumer stickiness, replaced the continuance intention in the expectation confirmation model with consumer stickiness as the explanatory variable, introduced the variable of perceived playfulness as the value perception after user experience, and established a consumer stickiness factors model. A total of 262 valid questionnaires were collected in this study, and SmartPLS analysis along with interviews were used to justify the limitations of data analysis. The results of the study demonstrated a significant effect of perceived usefulness and confirmation on satisfaction, a significant effect of confirmation on perceived usefulness, a significant effect of satisfaction on stickiness, and a significant effect of confirmation on perceived playfulness. Based on findings from the data analysis and interviews, we further proposed rationalized recommendations, and aimed to provide some theoretical guidance for future research on live streaming. (shrink)

This chapter distinguishes between two concepts of moral responsibility. We are responsible for our actions in the first sense only when those actions reflect our identities as moral agents, i.e. when they are attributable to us. We are responsible in the second sense when it is appropriate for others to enforce certain expectations and demands on those actions, i.e. to hold us accountable for them. This distinction allows for an account of moral responsibility for implicit bias, defended here, on which (...) people may lack attributability for actions caused by implicit bias but are still accountable for them. What this amounts to is leaving aside appraisal-based forms of moral criticism such as blame and punishment in favor of non-appraising forms of accountability. This account not only does more justice to our moral experience and agency, but will also lead to more effective practices for combating the harms of implicit bias. (shrink)

:In 1751, Zheng Banqiao wrote his famous calligraphy Nande hutu. Inquiries into the calligraphy reveal different dimensions of the saying. Its most popular interpretation can be found in self-improvement books on “the art of being muddled”. What academic, official, and popular discourses on the saying have in common is their dialectical reasoning and frequent references to other popular related sayings, to quotes from the ancient classics, and to ancient heroes and historical figures. This issue will explore a few interpretations (...) of the saying. Some prove to be critical with regard to the application of its underlying wisdom, while others focus on its philosophical, psychological, and/or sociocultural dimension. This issue will also shed light on its pragmatic interpretation as a popular strategy to navigate more positively through life. (shrink)

This paper explores what insights can be drawn from critical theory to enrich and strengthen Sen’s capability approach in relation to technology and human development. The two theories share some important commonalities: both are concerned with the pursuit of “a good life”; both are normative theories rooted in ethics and meant to make a difference, and both are interested in democracy. The paper provides a brief overview of both schools of thought and their applications to technology and human development. Three (...) areas are identified where critical theory can make a contribution to the capability approach: conceptually, by providing a critical account of individual agency and enriching the concept of technology beyond the simplistic notion of commodities; methodologically, by sensitising towards reification and hegemony of scientific tools, and, finally, by emphasising reflexivity of researchers. (shrink)

The transition from classical physics to quantum mechanics has been mysterious. Here, we mathematically derive the space-independent von Neumann equation for electron spin from the classical Bloch equation. Subsequently, the space-independent Schrödinger–Pauli equation is derived in both the quantum mechanical and recently developed co-quantum dynamic frameworks.

Quantum cognition research applies abstract, mathematical principles of quantum theory to inquiries in cognitive science. It differs fundamentally from alternative speculations about quantum brain processes. This topic presents new developments within this research program. In the introduction to this topic, we try to answer three questions: Why apply quantum concepts to human cognition? How is quantum cognitive modeling different from traditional cognitive modeling? What cognitive processes have been modeled using a quantum account? In addition, a brief introduction to quantum probability (...) theory and a concrete example is provided to illustrate how a quantum cognitive model can be developed to explain paradoxical empirical findings in psychological literature. (shrink)

The virtual brand community has become an important marketing tool for companies. A successful brand community marketing strategy should attract a large number of consumers. Although past studies have revealed consumer motivations for participating in virtual brand communities, they fail to answer an important question: Why is it so easy for some virtual brand communities to attract users while others have such difficulty? In this study, product characteristics are hypothesized to be important factors that determine consumer motivation to participate in (...) brand communities. Product characteristics can directly affect how actively consumers participate in brand communities. The results of questionnaires show that product complexity, product symbolism, and product satisfaction have a positive influence on consumers’ willingness to participate in brand communities. Notably, the duration of product use has a regulating effect on the influence of product satisfaction and product symbolism. A long period of product use weakens the influence of product satisfaction on consumers’ willingness to participate in brand communities. On the contrary, a long period of product use strengthens the influence of product symbolism on consumers’ willingness to participate in brand communities. This study enriches the literature on brand community participation and has implications for companies that aim to utilize brand communities for marketing. (shrink)

Question order effects are commonly observed in self-report measures of judgment and attitude. This article develops a quantum question order model (the QQ model) to account for four types of question order effects observed in literature. First, the postulates of the QQ model are presented. Second, an a priori, parameter-free, and precise prediction, called the QQ equality, is derived from these mathematical principles, and six empirical data sets are used to test the prediction. Third, a new index is derived from (...) the model to measure similarity between questions. Fourth, we show that in contrast to the QQ model, Bayesian and Markov models do not generally satisfy the QQ equality and thus cannot account for the reported empirical data that support this equality. Finally, we describe the conditions under which order effects are predicted to occur, and we review a broader range of findings that are encompassed by these very same quantum principles. We conclude that quantum probability theory, initially invented to explain order effects on measurements in physics, appears to be a powerful natural explanation for order effects of self-report measures in social and behavioral sciences, too. (shrink)

★熱銷超過十五萬冊《正是時候讀莊子》、《莊子，從心開始》、《穴道導引》作者蔡璧名最新作品 ★原典逐句白話漫畫圖文解說･鍊就投身滾滾紅塵人世間的勇氣 ★吳念真、吳淡如、李嗣涔、林麗真、陳怡蓁、鄧惠文 精彩推薦 日久未必見真情，倒一定會見人心 工作、生活、愛情、人際關係，在生命裏種種不得已的境遇中 讓中國經典《莊子》帶你 打開處人處群與用情的明燈 如何與人互動，能不傷人也不傷己 如何付出感情，能不傷心也不傷身 讓你懂人情、識百態、知人心。 ▎人生難成就圓滿，都周旋著人情 我們都想要個美好人生，公平均富，躋身人生勝利組，有人相伴。 但身處亂世，價值並非越辯越明，面對不可理喻之人的巨大身影，渺小如你、我，如何能免於人為禍患？如何看待自己天生的短處與乖舛的境遇？為何深愛之後總是傷？難道，要與世隔絕，才能保全一身？ 人，終究需群。但人情冷暖，世態炎涼。心身誰從不痛？生活哪能無傷？你我的難題，兩千多年前的經典《莊子》已經給予明白的解方。 ▎心愈靜定，身就愈輕靈 吸引兩岸三地慕名而來的臺大中文系蔡璧名老師，也是暢銷書《正是時候讀莊子》、《莊子，從心開始》與《穴道導引》作者，《正是時候讀莊子》從《莊子》內篇前三篇〈逍遙遊〉談樹立好人生目的，〈齊物論〉談知道此心紛 擾從來，明白此心紛擾何去。談〈養生主〉了解職業與學習用心之間的關係，道在技在、道進技進、道長技升的萬法歸一氣息。 本書延續《正是時候讀莊子》以漫畫重現經典原典的方式，全新繪製《莊子》內篇第四、五篇〈人間世〉、〈德充符〉兩篇，呈現莊子處人處群與用情的智慧，教你及早看清，籌謀對策，乘御人生順境逆境，在亂世不為世所亂， 愛得天長地久但不為情所傷，歷經淬煉的生命更臻圓滿。 ▎人在江湖，心亦能自由 面對難纏可惡之人、苛刻如虎的上司 莊子教「若一志」、「心齋」。不要涉險，但也不逃離，不委屈不強硬，將針砭是非的手指轉向自身，從徹底療癒自我開始。 渴望晉身人生勝利組，為成材而拼命 莊子教我們了解何謂「無用之用」，出頭鳥容易招來亂棒痛打，唯有強化保全心身能力，才足以對付亂世。 如何受歡迎、有魅力？ 莊子教「才全」、「德不形」，胸襟器度像平和如鏡的一汪大洋，澹靜面對，便能得上司、朋友、情人不自覺地喜歡、親近。 世人多為愛恨癡狂 莊子開發「無情」這劑免受情傷的疫苗，不困於過度的喜愛眷戀或討厭憎惡的情緒，心身才能無傷。 日久未必見真情，倒一定會見人心。 洞明世事、練達人情，從來不簡單。 古代的一陣清風，吹散現代人心頭的霧霾。 ——正是時候讀莊子！ 各界推薦 吳念真／導演 吳淡如／知名作家、主持人 李嗣涔／臺灣大學前校長 林麗真／臺灣大學中文系博碩士班指導教授 陳怡蓁／趨勢科技共同創辦人暨文化長 鄧惠文／榮格分析師、精神科醫師 (按姓氏筆劃排序) 重量推薦 「在忙碌而焦躁的狀態下，蔡璧名教授的書，無論是莊子的詮釋或她每一篇導讀式的文章，都讓我受益無窮。」—吳念真／導演 「我從書中讀到的不僅是歷史故事，更是人性，這對我當校長時的領導統御非常有幫助。經典必須現代化才能保有生命力，蔡教授的《莊子》系列書籍正演繹著更有生命力的現代《莊子》，這是一項偉大的歷史工程。」—李嗣涔 ／臺灣大學前校長 「我一手拿著璧名抗癌後身體仍有許多後遺症的診斷證明書，一手拿著她在如此艱難的身體狀況下所寫成的《正是時候讀莊子》，體會到書名中「正是時候」四個字對她的非凡意義。不簡單！真的不簡單！」—林麗真／臺灣大學 中文系博碩士班指導教授 「這本書，處處見到蔡教授的真心與用心。我每每被那畫面吸引，不能相信竟能把如是迂迴拗口的原文，用精簡的漫畫，加上信雅的白話解說，輕易就把人帶入遠古的莊子內心世界。妳真是莊子的傳人！」—陳怡蓁／趨勢科技共 同創辦人暨文化長.

作者是西藏共產黨的創始人，也是世界第一人以辯證法證出月球存有液態水。這是一本以辯證法原理闡述的論文彙編，書中詳細分析質量的運動周期，為了解辯證結構規律及運動規律之專著。.

本书基本内容可分主体的社会辩证法与次体的自然辩证法两大部分。对于辩证法构成根基的逻辑公式及推动根基的周期定律,对社会及自然各主要学科的辩证分析作了扼要的论述。.

Young children judge that violations of ordinary, causal constraints are impossible. Yet children’s religious beliefs typically include the assumption that such violations can occur via divine agency in the form of miracles. We conducted two studies to examine this potential conflict. In Study 1, we invited 5- and 6-year-old Colombian children attending either a secular or a religious school to judge what is and is not possible. Children made their judgments either following a minimal prompt or following a reminder of (...) God’s extraordinary powers. Irrespective of their education, and whether or not they had been reminded of God’s extraordinary powers, children systematically judged violations of ordinary, causal constraints to be impossible. In Study 2, we asked if more extensive reminders of God’s special powers would prompt religious children to say that the impossible can happen. Five- and 6-year-old Colombian children attending either a secular or a religious school were presented with narratives in which the protagonist desired an ordinarily impossible outcome. In half the stories, the protagonist prayed to God for the desired outcome. Irrespective of education and of whether the protagonist prayed, children systematically concluded that the desired outcome would not occur and justified that conclusion by reference to ordinary causal constraints. Nevertheless, in a minority of their replies children did assert that violations of ordinary causality are possible. Overall, irrespective of their religious education, young children judge that events rarely deviate from their natural course; only occasionally do they acknowledge exceptions. (shrink)

本志运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的立场、观点和方法, 力求全面, 客观地记述郑玄的生平、事迹、影响, 系统、科学地评价郑玄的著述及其思想、学术成就.