It is widely acknowledged that corruption by any firm is problematic. More importantly, its negative effects are compounded when corruption is present in large firms with global reach and corruption ceases to be a single instance but becomes a reoccurring or perpetuating phenomenon over time. Though the magnification of corruption over both time and size of operations creates scale effects that amplify its detrimental consequences, this context remains largely unexamined empirically. Thus, our research question is: What are the factors that (...) contribute to corruption by large global firms? Drawing on institutional theory, we examine the normative pressures that interact to create a vortex of corporate corruption that persisted over several years. We analyze a 9-year longitudinal dataset of 469 unique FT Global 500 companies representing 31 primary industries and 33 countries with over 3700 company year observations. Results help disentangle a complex interaction of firm-level and headquarters country-level factors that drive corruption and impact performance among top global firms. (shrink)

The claims that learning systems must build causal models and provide explanations of their inferences are not new, and advocate a cognitive functionalism for artificial intelligence. This view conflates the relationships between implicit and explicit knowledge representation. We present recent evidence that neural networks do engage in model building, which is implicit, and cannot be dissociated from the learning process.

The aim of this study was to report the results of a literature review of empirical studies on trust within the nurse–patient relationship. A search of electronic databases yielded 34 articles published between 1980 and 2011. Twenty-two studies used a qualitative design, and 12 studies used quantitative research methods. The context of most quantitative studies was nurse caring behaviours, whereas most qualitative studies focused on trust in the nurse–patient relationship. Most of the quantitative studies used a descriptive design, while qualitative (...) methods included the phenomenological approach, grounded theory, ethnography and interpretive interactionism. Data collection was mainly by questionnaires or interviews. Evidence from this review suggests that the development of trust is a relational phenomenon, and a process, during which trust could be broken and re-established. Nurses’ professional competencies and interpersonal caring attributes were important in developing trust; however, various factors may hinder the trusting relationship. (shrink)

Baumgarten's Enlightenment Aesthetica provides an important philosophical analogon to Deleuze's alignment of the ‘logic of sense’ and the ‘logic of sensation’. By linking serious reason with its ‘other’, frivolous feeling, the book greatly influenced Herder and the Romantic movement. Baumgarten called aesthetics ‘logic's younger sister’. Like Deleuze he propagates nothing less than the ‘becoming-girl’ of philosophy.

Quintus Smyrnaeus’ Posthomerica 9, 338–352 deals with the most famous Λήμνιον κακόν of the ancient myths: the women of Lemnos, jealous of the relationships between their husbands and some Thracian slaves, killed all the male population of the island. Quintus’ story uses as an intertextual model Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica 1, 609–632, dealing with the same episode. The aim of this paper is not only to show the intertextual relationship between Quintus’ and Apollonius’ texts, but also to show how Quintus changes (...) the innovative point of view of Apollonius in order to come back to the traditional “masculinist” point of view. In doing so Quintus inserts in his text some fundamental details of Apollonius’ version, but he ingeniously modifies their functions or meanings in order to remind the readers both of Apollonius’ version and of the changes he made to it. (shrink)

Background:Nurses and nursing students increasingly confront ethical problems in clinical practice. Moral sensitivity, moral reasoning, and ethical decision-making are therefore important skills throughout the nursing profession. Innovative teaching methods as part of the ethics training of nursing students help them acquire these fundamental skills.Aim:This study investigated the effects and potential benefits of using standardized patients in ethics education on nursing baccalaureate students’ moral sensitivity, moral reasoning, and ethical decision-making by comparing this method with in-class case analyses.Research design:This is a quasi-experimental (...) study.Participants and research context:The sample comprised 89 students in Hacettepe University’s Faculty of Nursing. Following lectures describing the theoretical components of ethics, students were randomly assigned to two working groups, one using standardized patients and the other using in-class case analyses. Data were collected using the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, Rest’s Defining Issues Test, and the Nursing Dilemma Test. All data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23.Ethical considerations:Ethical approval and official permission were obtained. All participating students completed informed consent forms.Findings:According to the results, the moral sensitivity of students in the standardized patient group significantly improved over time compared to those in the case analysis group, while the mean scores of students in both groups for moral reasoning and ethical decision-making were not statistically significant.Conclusion:Based on our results, we recommend the use of both standardized patients and case analysis as appropriate teaching methods in ethics education. (shrink)

Bilgi çağı olarak nitelendirilen günümüzde, bilginin üretildiği, eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerinin yapıldığı, öğrenimin gerçekleştiği okullardan, bu çağın gereklerine uygun, özgüveni yüksek bir öğrenci profili yetiştirmesi beklenmektedir. Bu konuda öğrenme iklimi önemlidir. İklim alan yazınında örgüt iklimi ve okul iklimi yerine kullanılan yeni bileşenlerden biri olan, öğrenme yetisini ilgilendiren her türlü faktörü içeren öğrenme iklimi; insan unsurları, öğrenmenin gerçekleştiği sanal ve gerçek mekân özellikleri başta olmak üzere pek çok boyutlarıyla ele alınmakta, öğrenme iklimini ölçmeye yönelik geliştirilen araçlarla ölçümler yapılmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler iyileştirme (...) çalışmalarına kaynaklık etmektedir. Çalışmamızda okul öğrenme iklimi okula bağlılık, öğrenme ortamı, iletişim boyutlarıyla ele alınmıştır. Sosyal Bilişsel Kuramın temel kavramlarından özyeterliğin bir türü olarak, öğrencilerin akademik çalışma gerektiren konularda kendilerine olan öz güvenlerini ifade eden, bu kapsamda öğrenebilmek için bireyin etkili biliş stratejilerini kullanabilme, öğrenme çevrelerini ve öğrenme zamanlarını etkili bir şekilde yönetebilme ve kendi performansını etkili bir şekilde düzenleyebilmesi şeklinde de açıklanabilen akademik özyeterlik, araştırmacılarca farklı boyutlarla ele alınmakta, farklı ölçeklerle ölçümler yapılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, akademik özyeterlik, bilişsel, sosyal ve teknik boyutlarda ele alınmıştır. İnsanı hayatın akışı içerisinde güçlü kılan asıl unsurlar kendine güven, eleştirel bakış, sosyal ilişkilerde başarı, herhangi bir sportif sanatsal ya da kültürel alana ilgi gibi temel beceriler, öğrencilerin okul ikliminden kazandıklarıyla mümkündür. Bu durumda, okulda iyi bir rüzgâr estirebilmenin, yaşanılası ve sevilesi bir hava oluşturabilmenin, özgün ve eleştirel bir zemine oturabilmenin ancak olumlu ve sürdürülebilir bir okul iklimiyle mümkün olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Akademik özyeterliği olumlu besleyen okul iklimi, iklimin etkilediği insan unsurlarının başarısını da beraberinde getirecektir. Pozitif okul iklimi güçlü akademik özyeterlik akademik başarının da en büyük araçları haline gelecektir. Öğrenme iklimini ölçmek, okullardaki kişilerarası ilişkiler, rol modeller, beklentileri vb. boyutlarıyla hayatın kalitesini aynı zamanda öğrencilerin başarısını ve memnuniyetini anlamaya yardımcı olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksek din öğrenim gören öğrencilerin öğrenme iklimi algıları ile akademik özyeterlik ve akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu çerçevede dört temel araştırma sorusu cevaplanmaya çalışılmıştır: (i) Yüksek din öğrenimi öğrencilerinin öğrenme iklimi ve akademik özyeterlik algıları ne düzeydedir? (ii) Yüksek din öğrenimi öğrencilerinin öğrenme iklimi ve akademik özyeterlik algıları arasında anlamlı ilişki var mıdır? (iii) Yüksek din öğrenimi öğrencilerinin yaş, öğrenme iklimi ve akademik özyeterlik inançları akademik başarılarının anlamlı yordayıcısı mıdır? (iv) Yüksek din öğrenimi öğrencilerinin öğrenme iklimine dair olumsuz algılarına ilişkin görüşleri nelerdir? Karma yöntem ve yakınsak paralel araştırma deseni ile desenlenen araştırmada çeşitleme stratejisi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, Türkiye'de devlet üniversiteleri bünyesindeki muhtelif İlahiyat ve İslami İlimler Fakültelerinde yüksek din öğrenimi gören, altı fakülteden, nicel bölümde 1147 öğrenciye Owen ve Froman tarafından geliştirilen, Ekici tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlaması yapılan Akademik Özyeterlik Ölçeği ve Terzi tarafından geliştirilen, Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Okul İklimi Ölçeği uygulanırken, nitel bölümde ise aynı fakültelerden 18 öğrenciye görüşme formu doldurtulmuştur. 2019 Mayıs ayında gerçekleştirilen araştırma sonrası elde edilen nicel veri setine normallik testi uygulanmış, verilerin analizinde; Bağımsız Gruplar t Testi, Mann Whitney U Testi, Levene testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA), Scheffe Testi, Kruskal Wallis H Testi, Pearson product-Moment Korelasyonu, Polyserial Korelasyonu ve Yol Analizi yapılmıştır. Nitel veriler betimsel analizle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, yüksek din öğrenimi öğrencilerinin öğrenme iklimi algıları olumsuz çıkmıştır. Yüksek din öğrenimi öğrencilerinin genel olarak Akademik Özyeterlik algıları da olumsuz çıkmıştır. Okul İklimi Ölçeğinin genel ortalaması ile Akademik Özyeterlik Algısı Ölçeğinin genel ortalaması arasında korelasyon orta düzeydedir. Araştırma sonucuna göre elde edilen bulgular alanyazın eşliğinde tartışılmış ve yorumlar sonrası yüksek din öğretiminde pozitif bir öğrenme iklimini sağlayacağı, yüksek din öğretimi öğrencilerinin akademik özyeterliklerini güçlendireceği ve akademik başarılarını artıracağı düşünülen çeşitli çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. (shrink)

Advances in cloning technology and successful cloning experiments in animals have raised concerns about the possibility of human cloning in recent years. Despite many objections, this is not only a possibility but also a reality. Human cloning is a scientific revolution. However, it also introduces the potential for physical and psychosocial harm to human beings. From this point of view, it raises profound ethical, social and health related concerns. Human cloning would have an impact on the practice of nursing because (...) it could result in the creation of new physiological and psychosocial conditions that would require nursing care. The nursing profession must therefore evaluate the ethics of human cloning, in particular the potential role of nurses. This article reviews the ethical considerations of reproductive human cloning, discusses the main reasons for concern, and reflects a nursing perspective regarding this issue. (shrink)

This study examines the potential role of morality subcultures in mediating the relationship between one’s nationality and the preferences for three movie and three TV genres in a sample of US and German students. Morality subcultures were derived from research on Moral Foundation Theory, which conceptualizes morality as being shaped by first intuitive processes and later moral reasoning. We proposed a dual mediation model with two latent domains of morality: individualizing foundations indicative of a more liberal perspective and binding foundations (...) indicative of a more conservative outlook. Although direct effects of one’s nationality on media genre preference were found, moral salience of these two moral foundations partially mediated this relationship for the genres action, drama, news, and sports. These data support emerging research on the importance of using morality subcultures to understand the appeal of various forms of media entertainment. (shrink)

Graduate nursing students should have a strong ethical theoretical foundation to identify and explore scientific and technological ethical issues impacting nursing care, to assume leadership positions in practice and education, and to conduct research contributing to nursing’s knowledge base. This paper reports the implementation and evaluation of a new ethics course at Turkish doctoral nursing programs. The first section describes course design and implementation. The second section evaluates the course and discusses results. Students’ evaluations indicated that the concept of caring (...) in key ethical theories, particularly care ethics, was vital to course content. The most preferred teaching method was case analysis. Students suggested increase in course length and credits, content inclusion of feminist ethics, and real-world knowledge application by other teaching strategies such as clinical practice visits and hospital ethics committee member participation. (shrink)

This paper offers a contribution to debates around integrative aspects of systems biology and engages with issues related to the circumstances under which physicists look at biological problems. We use oral history as one of the methodological tools to gather the empirical material, conducting interviews with physicists working in systems biology. The interviews were conducted at several institutions in Brazil, Germany, Israel and the U.S. Biological research has been increasingly dependent on computational methods, high-throughput technologies, and multidisciplinary skills. Quantitative scientists (...) are joining biological departments and collaborations between physicists and biologists are particularly vigorous. This state of affairs raises a number of questions, such as: What are the circumstances under which physicists approach biological problems in systems biology? What kind of interdisciplinary challenges must be tackled? The paper suggests that, concerning physicists’ move to work on biological systems, there are common reasons to move, the transition must be understood in terms of degrees, physicists have a rationale for simplifying systems, and distinct conceptions of model and modeling strategies are recurrent. We identified problems regarding linguistic clarity and integration of epistemological aims. We conclude that cultural unconformities within the systems biology community have important consequences to the flow of scientific knowledge. (shrink)

Especialistas em desenvolvimento de Inteligência Artificial prevêem que o avanço no desenvolvimento de sistemas e agentes inteligentes irá remodelar áreas vitais em nossa sociedade. Contudo, se tal avanço não for realizado de maneira prudente e crítico-reflexiva, pode resultar em desfechos negativos para a humanidade. Por este motivo, diversos pesquisadores na área têm desenvolvido uma concepção de IA robusta, benéfica e segura para a preservação da humanidade e do meio-ambiente. Atualmente, diversos dos problemas em aberto no campo de pesquisa em IA (...) advêm da dificuldade de evitar comportamentos indesejados de agentes e sistemas inteligentes, e ao mesmo tempo especificar o que realmente queremos que tais sistemas façam, especialmente quando prospectamos a possibilidade de agentes inteligentes atuarem em vários domínios ao longo prazo. É de suma importância que agentes inteligentes artificiais tenham seus valores alinhados com os valores humanos, dado ao fato de que não podemos esperar que uma IA desenvolva valores morais humanos por conta de sua inteligência, conforme é discutido na Tese da Ortogonalidade. Talvez tal dificuldade venha da maneira que estamos abordando o problema de expressar objetivos, valores e metas, utilizando de métodos cognitivos representacionais. Uma solução para este problema seria a abordagem dinâmica proposta por Dreyfus, que com base na filosofia fenomenológica mostra que a experiência humana do ser-no-mundo em diversos aspectos não é bem representada pelo método cognitivo simbólico ou conexionista, especialmente na questão de aprendizagem de valores. Uma possível abordagem para esse problema seria a utilização de modelos téoricos como SED para abordar o porblema de aprendizagem de valores em IA. (shrink)

This paper offers a contribution to debates around integrative aspects of systems biology and engages with issues related to the circumstances under which physicists look at biological problems. We use oral history as one of the methodological tools to gather the empirical material, conducting interviews with physicists working in systems biology. The interviews were conducted at several institutions in Brazil, Germany, Israel and the U.S. Biological research has been increasingly dependent on computational methods, high-throughput technologies, and multidisciplinary skills. Quantitative scientists (...) are joining biological departments and collaborations between physicists and biologists are particularly vigorous. This state of affairs raises a number of questions, such as: What are the circumstances under which physicists approach biological problems in systems biology? What kind of interdisciplinary challenges must be tackled? The paper suggests that, concerning physicists’ move to work on biological systems, there are common reasons to move, the transition must be understood in terms of degrees, physicists have a rationale for simplifying systems, and distinct conceptions of model and modeling strategies are recurrent. We identified problems regarding linguistic clarity and integration of epistemological aims. We conclude that cultural unconformities within the systems biology community have important consequences to the flow of scientific knowledge. (shrink)

Criticism and interpretation of Seyyed Hossein Nasr, an Iranian philosopher and scholar.

Bu çalışmada din görevlilerinin mesleki doyumu ile örgütsel adalet algısı arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çeşitli kurum çalışanları örnekleminde, yapılan çalışmalar örgütsel adalet ile mesleki doyum arasında bir ilişkinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Fakat din görevlileri ile ilgili olarak örgütsel adalet ile mesleki doyum arasındaki bir ilişkiyi konu edinen bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Yapılan işten memnuniyet duymak anlamına gelen mesleki doyum çalışanın iş verimini artırmaktadır. Bununla ilişkili olarak da çalışanın, kurumu tarafından çalışanlara adil davranıldığına ilişkin algısı mesleki doyumunu etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada din görevlilerinin örgütsel adalet (...) algısı ve mesleki doyumu arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için, ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Veriler ise örgütsel adalet ölçeği, mesleki doyum ölçeği ve demografik değişkenlerin de bulunduğu bir form ile Antalya’da görev yapan 380 din görevlisinden elde edilmiştir. Söz konusu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkinin analizinde korelasyon ve yapısal eşitlik modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda din görevlilerinin örgütsel adalet algısının, mesleki doyum ile orta düzeyde, pozitif yönde ve anlamlı ilişkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Açıklanan varyans açısından ise örgütsel adalet algısının, mesleki doyuma ilişkin toplam varyansın %17’sini açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. (shrink)

This descriptive study investigated the current status of ethics instruction in Turkish nursing education programs. The sample for this study comprised 39 nursing schools, which represented 51% of all nursing schools in Turkey. Data were collected through a postal questionnaire. The results revealed that 18 of these nursing schools incorporated an ethics course into undergraduate and three into graduate level programs. Most of the educators focused on the basic concepts of ethics, deontological theory, ethical principles, ethical problems in health care, (...) patient rights and codes of ethics for nurses. More than half of the educators believed that students' theoretical knowledge of ethics is applied to their clinical experiences. The teaching methods used included discussion in class, lectures, case studies, small group discussion, dramatization and demonstration. Assessment was carried out by means of written essays and written examinations. (shrink)

The study aimed to investigate the impact of behavioral biases on herding for Islamic financial products with the mediation of shariah literacy. An adopted questionnaire from several published studies was used to collect data. The data were collected from 410 respondents and were analyzed with SmartPLS. The results for the direct impact showed that self-attribution, illusion of control, and information availability have a positive and significant impact on herding for Islamic financial products while shariah literacy showed an insignificant impact on (...) herding. The results for mediation showed that previously significant and positive impact turned to insignificant when shariah literacy was introduced as mediating variable between the illusion of control, self-attribution, information availability, and herding. From a theoretical perspective, this study would contribute to the existing body of knowledge of financial decision making from shariah literacy point-out. On the other hand, the findings of this study may be useful for investors to avoid herding in the Islamic financial markets. The authors synthesize the contribution made by behavioral finance studies in extending the knowledge of herding behavior in Islamic financial products with a mediating role of shariah literacy. The key limitation of the study includes data that were collected from three districts of Punjab, Pakistan. (shrink)

With a length of over 60 years (first issue appeared in 1950), the magazine ,,Mitropolia Olteniei” had an important contribution to the study of history and philosophy of religions. In this review have been approached numerous issues of dogmatic theology, moral, religious and history and philosophy of religions. This study approached topics ranging from religions of Dacians and neighboring peoples to the important topics as inter-religious dialogue for modern society. If publications are spread over period of 60 years, one can (...) deduce easily that in a relatively short period, this article will return among these studies with names and their articles who will continue to bring their contribution to the history and philosophy of religion. (shrink)