This article delves into the philosophical nuances involved in translating the Confucian concept of you yu yi 游於藝 into English. The concept, which refers to engaging in various arts or skills, poses challenges when it comes to choosing the appropriate English translation. By examining Confucian texts and philosophical interpretations, the study aims to shed light on the multifaceted nature of the concept and provide insights into the complexities of cross-cultural translation. Through a meticulous analysis of linguistic, cultural, and philosophical factors, (...) this study aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on translation theory and the preservation of cultural concepts. (shrink)

By exploring the cultural discrepancies in Chinese legal texts and their English versions and to what extent legal and cultural discrepancies influence and constrain legal translation, the study argues that it is useful to consider cultural discrepancies within a semiotic framework. Language is a phenomenon and factor that links different cultures; the use of language is crucial to any legal system. Law, as a cultural product, is attended by cultural discrepancies when switched into other languages for the purpose of achieving (...) equivalence. After a brief overview of cultural differences in translation, legal translation in particular, the study is set to examine the role of translation in crossing through different legal cultures and backgrounds and investigate barriers in the process of translation. Investigating cultural discrepancies in legal translation within a semiotic framework allows us to focus on certain interpretations by acknowledging that legal texts are composed with systems of systems and interacting with other cultural aspects in a wider context. (shrink)

Defamation law is a long-standing research focus. Previous studies on defamation law have pointed out the importance of balancing two fundamental issues in law, namely, protection of reputation and freedom of speech. The present corpus-based legal study, using ConcGram 1.0 as the analytical tool, examined the phraseological profile of reported cases on defamation in Hong Kong in order to find out the types of defense and the approach to meaning in the defamation case law in Hong Kong. Regarding defenses to (...) a defamation claim, the results show that fair comment, qualified privilege, and justification are the most prevalent types, that unintentional defamation is not used at all, and that there has been a noticeable shift from fair comment to honest comment. As for the approach to meaning, the ordinary and natural approach is found to be a pivotal means of solving the threshold problem in defamation cases, that is, whether the words involved are defamatory or not. (shrink)

Shape memory alloy- based actuators are widely applied in the compliant actuating systems. However, the measured data of the SMA-based compliant actuating system reveal the input-output hysteresis behavior, and the actuating precision of the compliant actuating system could be degraded by such hysteresis nonlinearities. To characterize such nonlinearities in the SMA-based compliant actuator precisely, a Jiles-Atherton model is adopted in this paper, and a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to identify the parameters in the Jiles-Atherton model, which is (...) a combination of several differential nonlinear equations. Compared with the basic PSO identification algorithm, the designed MPSO algorithm can reduce the local optimum problem so that the Jiles-Atherton model with the identified parameters can show good agreements with the measured experimental data. The good capture ability of the proposed identification algorithm is also examined through the comparisons with Jiles-Atherton model using the basic PSO identification algorithm. (shrink)

The phenomenon of knowledge withholding is a vital issue that undermines knowledge sharing and innovation, hinders the development of offline and online organizations. Clarifying the relationship between influencing factors and knowledge withholding is significant to improve the phenomenon of knowledge withholding in offline and online organizations. Few types of research focus on the online virtual academic community and integrate the three factors of knowledge, individual, and environment to research knowledge withholding. To solve the limitation, this research is based on sociology (...) and psychology-related theories. The two dimensions of enabling and inhibition are divided into factors affecting knowledge withholding. An attempt is made to explore the path between the three types of factors influencing knowledge, individual and environment, and knowledge withholding. This study collected data from 616 users in China’s virtual academic community. It used a structural equation model combined with a cross-layer connected neural network to conduct an empirical analysis on the proposed hypothesis. The results found that: in the virtual academic community, knowledge power in the enabling dimension is the main reason for users to form knowledge psychological ownership, which affects users’ knowledge withholding. However, the effect of professional commitment on users’ knowledge psychological ownership is not significant. After SEM-ANN model fitting, the combined inhibitory effect of community privacy protection and community reciprocity on user knowledge withholding in the inhibition dimension is significantly improved. This research has a specific guiding significance for enhancing the knowledge withholding phenomenon of the virtual academic community and creating an excellent academic exchange atmosphere. (shrink)

Modality and negation, as two important linguistic features used to realise subjectivity, have been investigated within various disciplines, such as logic, linguistics and philosophy, and law. The interaction between modality and negation, as a relatively new and undeveloped domain, has however not been paid due attention in scholarship. This corpus-based study investigates three aspects of their interaction: the differentiation of the deontic value by negation, the categorization of deontic modality in Hong Kong legislation via negation, and distribution patterns of deontic (...) modality, especially distribution patterns of the negation of modality, in Hong Kong legislation. This study shows that negation is a powerful linguistic mechanism not only for determining the nature and functions of modality, but also for determining the value of modality. This study also reveals that negation helps us to investigate the distribution of deontic modality in Hong Kong legislation and hence revisit the legal framework in Hong Kong. A study taking into account the discursive and professional aspects of the interaction between deontic modality and negation will provide a theoretical basis for the natural language processing of modality and negation in legislation and also offer important implications for the study of negation and modality in general contexts. (shrink)

As the medium of human-computer interaction, it is crucial to correctly and quickly interpret the motion information of surface electromyography. Deep learning can recognize a variety of sEMG actions by end-to-end training. However, most of the existing deep learning approaches have complex structures and numerous parameters, which make the network optimization problem difficult to realize. In this paper, a novel PSO-based optimized lightweight convolution neural network is designed to improve the accuracy and optimize the model with applications in sEMG signal (...) movement recognition. With the purpose of reducing the structural complexity of the deep neural network, the designed convolution neural network model is mainly composed of three convolution layers and two full connection layers. Meanwhile, the particle swarm optimization is used to optimize hyperparameters and improve the autoadaptive ability of the designed sEMG pattern recognition model. To further indicate the potential application, three experiments are designed according to the progressive process of body movements with respect to the Ninapro standard data set. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed PLCNN recognition method is superior to the four other popular classification methods. (shrink)

The European Union Commission’s whitepaper on Artificial Intelligence proposes shaping the emerging AI market so that it better reflects common European values. It is a master plan that builds upon the EU AI High-Level Expert Group guidelines. This article reviews the masterplan, from a culture cycle perspective, to reflect on its potential clashes with current societal, technical, and methodological constraints. We identify two main obstacles in the implementation of this plan: the lack of a coherent EU vision to drive future (...) decision-making processes at state and local levels and the lack of methods to support a sustainable diffusion of AI in our society. The lack of a coherent vision stems from not considering societal differences across the EU member states. We suggest that these differences may lead to a fractured market and an AI crisis in which different members of the EU will adopt nation-centric strategies to exploit AI, thus preventing the development of a frictionless market as envisaged by the EU. Moreover, the Commission aims at changing the AI development culture proposing a human-centred and safety-first perspective that is not supported by methodological advancements, thus taking the risks of unforeseen social and societal impacts of AI. We discuss potential societal, technical, and methodological gaps that should be filled to avoid the risks of developing AI systems at the expense of society. Our analysis results in the recommendation that the EU regulators and policymakers consider how to complement the EC programme with rules and compensatory mechanisms to avoid market fragmentation due to local and global ambitions. Moreover, regulators should go beyond the human-centred approach establishing a research agenda seeking answers to the technical and methodological open questions regarding the development and assessment of human-AI co-action aiming for a sustainable AI diffusion in the society. (shrink)

ObjectiveThe correlation between the performance of coordination movement and brain activity is still not fully understood. The current study aimed to identify activated brain regions and brain network connectivity changes for several coordinated finger movements with different difficulty levels and to correlate the brain hemodynamics and connectivity with kinematic performance.MethodsTwenty-one right-dominant-handed subjects were recruited and asked to complete circular motions of single and bilateral fingers in the same direction and in opposite directions on a plane. Kinematic data including radius and (...) angular velocity at each task and synchronized blood oxygen concentration data using functional near-infrared spectroscopy were recorded covering six brain regions including the prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, and occipital lobes. A general linear model was used to locate activated brain regions, and changes compared with baseline in blood oxygen concentration were used to evaluate the degree of brain region activation. Small-world properties, clustering coefficients, and efficiency were used to measure information interaction in brain activity during the movement.ResultIt was found that the radius error of the dominant hand was significantly lower than that of the non-dominant hand in both clockwise and counterclockwise movements. The fNIRS results confirmed that the contralateral brain region was activated during single finger movement and the dominant motor area was activated in IP movement, while both motor areas were activated simultaneously in AP movement. The Δhbo were weakly correlated with radius errors. Brain information interaction in IP movement was significantly larger than that from AP movement in the brain network in the right prefrontal cortex. Brain activity in the right motor cortex reduces motor performance, while the right prefrontal cortex region promotes it.ConclusionOur results suggest there was a significant correlation between motion performance and brain activation level, as well as between motion deviation and brain functional connectivity. The findings may provide a basis for further exploration of the operation of complex brain networks. (shrink)

This article provides current Schwartz Values Survey data from samples of business managers and professionals across 50 societies that are culturally and socioeconomically diverse. We report the society scores for SVS values dimensions for both individual- and societallevel analyses. At the individual- level, we report on the ten circumplex values sub- dimensions and two sets of values dimensions. At the societal- level, we report on the values dimensions of embeddedness, hierarchy, mastery, affective autonomy, intellectual autonomy, egalitarianism, and harmony. For each (...) society, we report the Cronbach' s? statistics for each values dimension scale to assess their internal consistency as well as report interrater agreement analyses to assess the acceptability of using aggregated individual level values scores to represent country span sp. (shrink)

Ben shu zhi zai yong zhe xue yan jiu de fang shi zheng ti lun shu fo xue ti xi. wei le shi pu tong da zhong neng chu kui wan zheng de fo jiao xi tong, zuo zhe fen bie cong fo jiao de ge di yu pai bie,zhe xue si xiang guan dian,si miao jian zhu yi ji fo jing shu ji lun zhu deng fang mian jin xing liao xiang jin de xu shu ji tao lun. shu (...) zhong chu le dui fo jiao wen hua zhi shi de zheng li yu chuan hang, hai hui jie he you zuo zhe zai de zhe xue ji Zhongguo wen hua ling yu zhong di yan jiu cheng guo. ben shu zun zhong zong jiao ben shen, zai xie zuo shou fa shang shi fen yan jin, fo jing ji xue zhe guan dian jie zhi yi yin yong xing shi lie chu, bing bu zuo ping lun ; dui zhuan men de shu yu hui dai you jiao zhu,jian suo shen zhi shi fan wen yuan wen de shuo ming, ke du xing qiang bing yi yu cha yue. (shrink)

Riassunto: L’antico teatro della Casa Ufficiale è un antico teatro esistente nell’area Montuosa del Taihang nella Provincia dell’Henan Settentrionale, il quale nacque nel periodo centrale della Dinastia Qing. L’aspetto dell’antico teatro della Casa Ufficiale è legato all’ambiente naturale locale, alla cultura popolare e alla produttività agricola. Ci sono otto antiche fasi della casa ufficiale nell’area Montuosa del Taihang nella Provincia dell’Henan Settentrionale, che forniscono prove fisiche per lo studio del dramma teatrale popolare nell’area Montuosa del Taihang durante la dinastia Qing. (...) Le iscrizioni sulle stele e sul palcoscenico dell’opera tradizionale cinese riflettono alcune caratteristiche del dramma teatrale rappresentato dai funzionari fin dalla dinastia Qing in Cina. I tipi di opere eseguite sono opere locali, le quali rappresentano dei preziosi materiali per lo studio storico. In una certa misura, è possibile ricostruire il percorso lo sviluppo regionale della società, della cultura e della vita quotidiana locale. (shrink)

S’appuyant sur l’argument que la rencontre de la philosophie confucéenne avec la théorie éthique occidentale ne constitue pas un tournant, cet article cherche dans le vocabulaire de l’éthique confucéenne les éléments permettant de dessiner la vision sui generis de la vie morale comme une éthique de rôle confucéenne. Etant donné la centralité de la famille en tant que lieu initial d’acquisition des qualités morales, un terme clé du corpus confucéen qui exprime cette notion d’éthique de rôle n’est rien d’autre que (...) l’impératif moral primordial de cette tradition, à savoir la « révérence familiale » – ou pitié filiale – ( xiao ). Si notre but est d’aborder la tradition confucéenne selon ses propres termes et de la laisser s’exprimer par elle-même sans la remplacer par nos propres priorités culturelles, il faut commencer par reconsidérer de manière critique la conception confucéenne de l’individu comme point de départ de l’éthique confucéenne. Cette dernière diffère du tout au tout de l’individualisme qui fonde l’approche occidentale dont la terminologie est éloquente (agents, actions, traits de caractères, autonomie, choix, liberté, principes…). L’éthique confucéenne s’appuie d’abord sur une vision totalisante de l’expérience humaine et recourt à un ensemble de termes qui révèlent des idées totalement différentes : par exemple que les qualités morales se manifestent sous la forme d’une virtuosité consommée dans les rôles et les relations qui nous constituent. Ne pas distinguer les « êtres » humains individuels des « devenirs humains » relationnels revient bon gré mal gré à importer, avant même de se pencher sur la question, une notion contemporaine de personne résolument étrangère au sujet. (shrink)

Comment la philosophie peut-elle contribuer à lutter contre le processus actuel d’atomisation sociale? Cherchant à éviter les raccourcis de la controverse qui a opposé le communautarisme au libéralisme, la recherche récente s’inspirant de la « pensée post-métaphysique » distingue quatre types de communauté : la communauté éthique constitutive de l’identité, la communauté légal, la communauté politique et la communauté morale. En ce qui concerne cette dernière, l’article remet en cause l’affirmation du discours théorique selon laquelle on peut résoudre les questions (...) morales en termes de « communauté justificative » (Habermas, Forst). En montrant que la logique du contrat est impuissante à définir la moralité de manière adéquate, l’article invite à se tourner vers la démarche kantienne. On s’intéresse tout particulièrement à la façon dont Kant, en liant la théorie morale à la philosophie de la religion, fournit les bases d’un concept de la communauté globale qui s’abstient de tracer une ligne entre « nous » et « eux ». (shrink)

本书包括:论实用理性与乐感文化、哲学答问、哲学探寻录、主体性哲学论纲系列、美的哲学等内容。.

Cet article se propose de décrire le projet épistémique des sciences des systèmes complexes. Domaine interdisciplinaire fondé par le Santa Fe Institute en 1984 aux États-Unis, il a été décrit par ses représentants comme un champ d’étude interdisciplinaire, post-laplacien, holiste et antiréductionniste. Des journalistes populaires et des sociologues intéressés et qui ont soutenu ce domaine en ont repris les discours, en annonçant l’avènement d’un nouveau paradigme révolutionnaire pour tous les savoirs. Dans ce texte, on montrera que le projet épistémique des (...) sciences de la complexité est moins pluraliste, antipositiviste et antiréductionniste que ce que l’on en dit. Je tâcherai de montrer en quoi le cadre épistémologique et ontologique de ce champ d’études reste analytique et réductionniste dans un sens physicaliste, computationnaliste, mathématique et biologisant. (shrink)

Cet article se propose de décrire le projet épistémique des sciences des systèmes complexes. Domaine interdisciplinaire fondé par le Santa Fe Institute en 1984 aux États-Unis, il a été décrit par ses représentants comme un champ d’étude interdisciplinaire, post-laplacien, holiste et antiréductionniste. Des journalistes populaires et des sociologues intéressés et qui ont soutenu ce domaine en ont repris les discours, en annonçant l’avènement d’un nouveau paradigme révolutionnaire pour tous les savoirs. Dans ce texte, on montrera que le projet épistémique des (...) sciences de la complexité est moins pluraliste, antipositiviste et antiréductionniste que ce que l’on en dit. Je tâcherai de montrer en quoi le cadre épistémologique et ontologique de ce champ d’études reste analytique et réductionniste dans un sens physicaliste, computationnaliste, mathématique et biologisant. (shrink)

Cet article se propose de décrire le projet épistémique des sciences des systèmes complexes. Domaine interdisciplinaire fondé par le Santa Fe Institute en 1984 aux États-Unis, il a été décrit par ses représentants comme un champ d’étude interdisciplinaire, post-laplacien, holiste et antiréductionniste. Des journalistes populaires et des sociologues intéressés et qui ont soutenu ce domaine en ont repris les discours, en annonçant l’avènement d’un nouveau paradigme révolutionnaire pour tous les savoirs. Dans ce texte, on montrera que le projet épistémique des (...) sciences de la complexité est moins pluraliste, antipositiviste et antiréductionniste que ce que l’on en dit. Je tâcherai de montrer en quoi le cadre épistémologique et ontologique de ce champ d’études reste analytique et réductionniste dans un sens physicaliste, computationnaliste, mathématique et biologisant. (shrink)

Ben shu quan mian chan shu zhu xi de li xue yu ke xue si xiang,Te bie jiu zhu xi zhong shi zi ran yan jiu,Shen ru ke xue tan suo,Chuang xin ke xue si xiang,Chuan bo zi ran zhi shi yi ji zhu xi li xue de ke xue jia zhi zhan kai ju ti de lun shu,Chong fen ken ding zhu xi ke xue si xiang dui yu hou shi ke ji fa zhan de zhong yao zuo yong,Yi (...) qi dui jin tian de ke ji yu wen hua de fa zhan zhu ru yuan tou huo shui. (shrink)

Lumbar Exoskeleton, as an important instance of wearable exoskeleton, has broad application prospects in logistics, construction, and other industries. Specifically, in the working scenarios that require long-term and repeated bending and rising movements, active lumbar exoskeleton can provide effective protection and flexible assistance to wear’s waist muscles and bones, which will significantly reduce the risk of lumbar muscle strain. How to improve the human-machine coupling and enhance the assistance performance are the main challenges for ALE’s development. Based on the biomechanical (...) analysis of the movement of lifting heavy objects from bottom up, this paper proposes a lightweight but powerful ALE, named as SIAT-WEXv2, which can output maximum assistive force of 28 N. Additionally, we use robust fuzzy adaptive algorithm to improve SIAT-WEXv2’s antidisturbance ability, so that it can provide continuous and supple assistance for wearer. Electromyography signals of the lumbar erector spinae from ten subjects in two experimental cases were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of our new ALE. The experimental results indicate that the reduction of iEMG signal at LES decreased monotonically from 60% ± 5.5% to 40.5% ± 6.5% as the weight of lifting load increased from 0 to 25 kg. (shrink)

Ben shu miao shu le ma ke si zhu yi jun shi zhe xue yan jin de guo cheng ji qi ji ben si xiang xian suo.

Ben shu jie shao le gong zi zhen, wei yuan, yan fu, kang you wei, tan si tong, liang qi chao, chen tian hua, zhang bing lin deng wan qing si xiang jia de zhe xue si xiang.

Cet article étudie les moyens d’argumentation dans les lettres familières rédigées par les apprenants sinophones du français langue étrangère de niveau B2. Les lettres sont contrastées à celles des francophones et des sinophones natifs représentant un groupe de contrôle. Les résultats montrent certains contrastes entre les groupes des natifs. Quant aux apprenants, on voit qu’ils utilisent en partie les mêmes stratégies argumentatives que les francophones, mais on atteste également des influences de leur langue maternelle dans le choix des procédés persuasifs.

RÉSUMÉDans cet article, j'explore comment nous pouvons nous servir d'idées philosophiques provenant du Yogācāra chinois afin d’élargir le projet du féminisme bouddhiste. En me concentrant sur les écrits de Xuanzang (env. 602–664) et de son disciple Kuiji (632–682), j'examine comment la théorie de la conscience du Yogācāra peut être interprétée comme un récit genré de la non-dualité. Ainsi, le terme «dialectique du Yogācāra» serait employé afin de décrire cette théorie de la non-dualité qui souligne la fluidité et la transformabilité. Je (...) soutiens que les Yogācārins chinois ont développé la dialectique du genre, et qu'ils ont ainsi pu éroder subtilement le sexisme à l’époque prémoderne. (shrink)

L’expression « naturaleza muerta » a des connotations qui clarifient les relations conceptuelles entre la vie et la mort dans la culture baroque. On les étudie dans cet article à travers plusieurs peintures de cette époque ainsi que dans quelques œuvres contemporaines.

Ben shu xi "Zhuzi xue yan jiu cong shu" zhi yi zhong. Zuo zhe cong Zhuzi ge zhi lun xing cheng de xue shu bei jing, ge zhi lun jian gou de xin lu li cheng, ge zhi lun de li lun nei han, ge zhi lun yu ke xue yan jiu, Zhuzi men ren ji hou xue de ge zhi lun, Zhuzi ge zhi lun de yan bian yu ge zhi xue deng fang mian xiang xi lun shu le (...) Zhuzi de ge wu zhi zhi lun si xiang. (shrink)

Many Chinese pianists, Lang Lang and Yun-di Li for example, received international recognition in recent years. When study the history of piano study and composing in China, it is not surprising that the history of Chinese piano music has gone through specific periods which strongly influenced compositional activities. This article is aimed to display cultural and political aspects that are behind historical period and analyses representative work in compositional style and characteristics.

RÉSUMÉCet article examine les idées de Confucius sur la paix morale (an安) et le plaisir moral (le樂) dans lesAnalectes. Je soutiens queanetlesont deux aspects corrélés d'un état d’être autocultivé (jing-jie境界) fondé sur la pratique de la bienveillance ou de l'humanité du cœur (ren仁) et sur le fait de suivre la Voie (dao道). L’état d’an-leimplique non seulement la raison (à savoir la connaissance durenet dudao) et la volonté (c'est-à-dire la volonté de pratiquer lerenet de suivre ledao), mais aussi l'amour ou le (...) « goût émotionnel » (hào好) par rapport à la pratique durenet audao. C'est un état qui ressemble à l'idée kantienne de contentement intellectuel mais,pacel'interprétation récente de Confucius par Philip Ivanhoe, différent du concept aristotélicien de plaisir et d’eudaimonia. (shrink)

Ben shu jie shao le gong zi zhen, wei yuan, yan fu, kang you wei, tan si tong, liang qi chao, chen tian hua, zhang bing lin deng wan qing si xiang jia de zhe xue si xiang.

Résumé La participation des citoyens à la justice chinoise prend la forme de la présence d’assesseurs civils ou de l’introduction, à titre expérimental, d’un jury populaire à côté des juges professionnels. Ces modalités de participation des citoyens ne changent toutefois pas la donne fondamentale de la gouvernance chinoise, car l’absence d’autonomie du droit, et d’indépendance des juges, demeurent les deux principaux obstacles à l’avènement d’un État de droit en Chine. En effet, l’instrumentalisation du droit au service d’une politique qui lui (...) est supérieure est ce qui justifie politiquement la participation des citoyens à la justice. Les remaniements du système des assesseurs et du jury populaire n’ont pas atteint l’objectif de redonner de la légitimité à l’exercice du pouvoir judiciaire en le rendant plus participatif et plus transparent. L’expérience chinoise montre que loin de diminuer le pouvoir des juges professionnels, les assesseurs et le jury populaire y restent subordonnés. Seule une évolution dans les mentalités du rapport à la vérité pourra donner tout son sens à la participation des citoyens à la justice, ce qui est crucial dans une Chine en quête de démocratie. (shrink)

Résumé La participation des citoyens à la justice chinoise prend la forme de la présence d’assesseurs civils ou de l’introduction, à titre expérimental, d’un jury populaire à côté des juges professionnels. Ces modalités de participation des citoyens ne changent toutefois pas la donne fondamentale de la gouvernance chinoise, car l’absence d’autonomie du droit, et d’indépendance des juges, demeurent les deux principaux obstacles à l’avènement d’un État de droit en Chine. En effet, l’instrumentalisation du droit au service d’une politique qui lui (...) est supérieure est ce qui justifie politiquement la participation des citoyens à la justice. Les remaniements du système des assesseurs et du jury populaire n’ont pas atteint l’objectif de redonner de la légitimité à l’exercice du pouvoir judiciaire en le rendant plus participatif et plus transparent. L’expérience chinoise montre que loin de diminuer le pouvoir des juges professionnels, les assesseurs et le jury populaire y restent subordonnés. Seule une évolution dans les mentalités du rapport à la vérité pourra donner tout son sens à la participation des citoyens à la justice, ce qui est crucial dans une Chine en quête de démocratie. (shrink)

La philosophie de l'éducation de Confucius et de ses principaux disciples et dans le Lunyu.