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Laurence B. McCullough [124]Laurence Bernard Mccullough [1]
  1.  11
    John Gregory and the Invention of Professional Medical Ethics and the Profession of Medicine.Laurence B. McCullough - 1998 - Springer Verlag.
    The best things in my Ufe have come to me by accident and this book results from one such accident: my having the opportunity, out of the blue, to go to work as H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. 's, research assistant at the Institute for the Medical Humanities in the University of Texas Medi cal Branch at Galveston, Texas, in 1974, on the recommendation of our teacher at the University of Texas at Austin, Irwin C. Lieb. During that summer Tris "lent" (...)
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  2.  16
    Professional virtue of civility and the responsibilities of medical educators and academic leaders.Laurence B. McCullough, John Coverdale & Frank A. Chervenak - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (10):674-678.
    Incivility among physicians, between physicians and learners, and between physicians and nurses or other healthcare professionals has become commonplace. If allowed to continue unchecked by academic leaders and medical educators, incivility can cause personal psychological injury and seriously damage organisational culture. As such, incivility is a potent threat to professionalism. This paper uniquely draws on the history of professional ethics in medicine to provide a historically based, philosophical account of the professional virtue of civility. We use a two-step method of (...)
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  3.  62
    Addressing the Ethical Challenges in Genetic Testing and Sequencing of Children.Ellen Wright Clayton, Laurence B. McCullough, Leslie G. Biesecker, Steven Joffe, Lainie Friedman Ross, Susan M. Wolf & For the Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Group - 2014 - American Journal of Bioethics 14 (3):3-9.
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) recently provided two recommendations about predictive genetic testing of children. The Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium's Pediatrics Working Group compared these recommendations, focusing on operational and ethical issues specific to decision making for children. Content analysis of the statements addresses two issues: (1) how these recommendations characterize and analyze locus of decision making, as well as the risks and benefits of testing, and (2) whether the guidelines conflict or (...)
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  4.  72
    Constructing a systematic review for argument-based clinical ethics literature: The example of concealed medications.Laurence B. McCullough, John H. Coverdale & Frank A. Chervenak - 2007 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 32 (1):65 – 76.
    The clinical ethics literature is striking for the absence of an important genre of scholarship that is common to the literature of clinical medicine: systematic reviews. As a consequence, the field of clinical ethics lacks the internal, corrective effect of review articles that are designed to reduce potential bias. This article inaugurates a new section of the annual "Clinical Ethics" issue of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy on systematic reviews. Using recently articulated standards for argument-based normative ethics, we provide (...)
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  5.  81
    Patient autonomy for the management of chronic conditions: A two-component re-conceptualization.Aanand D. Naik, Carmel B. Dyer, Mark E. Kunik & Laurence B. McCullough - 2009 - American Journal of Bioethics 9 (2):23 – 30.
    The clinical application of the concept of patient autonomy has centered on the ability to deliberate and make treatment decisions (decisional autonomy) to the virtual exclusion of the capacity to execute the treatment plan (executive autonomy). However, the one-component concept of autonomy is problematic in the context of multiple chronic conditions. Adherence to complex treatments commonly breaks down when patients have functional, educational, and cognitive barriers that impair their capacity to plan, sequence, and carry out tasks associated with chronic care. (...)
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  6.  77
    A Philosophical Taxonomy of Ethically Significant Moral Distress: Figure 1.Tessy A. Thomas & Laurence B. McCullough - 2015 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 40 (1):102-120.
    Moral distress is one of the core topics of clinical ethics. Although there is a large and growing empirical literature on the psychological aspects of moral distress, scholars, and empirical investigators of moral distress have recently called for greater conceptual clarity. To meet this recognized need, we provide a philosophical taxonomy of the categories of what we call ethically significant moral distress: the judgment that one is not able, to differing degrees, to act on one’s moral knowledge about what one (...)
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  7.  61
    An Ethically Justified Framework for Clinical Investigation to Benefit Pregnant and Fetal Patients.Laurence B. McCullough & Frank A. Chervenak - 2011 - American Journal of Bioethics 11 (5):39-49.
    Research to improve the health of pregnant and fetal patients presents ethical challenges to clinical investigators, institutional review boards, funding agencies, and data safety and monitoring boards. The Common Rule sets out requirements that such research must satisfy but no ethical framework to guide their application. We provide such an ethical framework, based on the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient. We offer criteria for innovation and for Phase I and II and then for Phase III clinical trials (...)
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  8.  50
    Ethics in obstetrics and gynecology.Laurence B. McCullough, Frank A. Chervenak & Susan M. Scott - 1995 - HEC Forum 7 (6):379-380.
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  9.  64
    A critical analysis of the concept and discourse of 'unborn child'.Laurence B. McCullough & Frank A. Chervenak - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (7):34 – 39.
    Despite its prominence in the abortion debate and in public policy, the discourse of 'unborn patient' has not been subjected to critical scrutiny. We provide a critical analysis in three steps. First, we distinguish between the descriptive and normative meanings of 'unborn child.' There is a long history of the descriptive use of 'unborn child.' Second, we argue that the concept of an unborn child has normative content but that this content does not do the work that opponents of abortion (...)
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  10.  30
    In Response to COVID-19 Pandemic Physicians Already Know What to Do.Laurence B. McCullough - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (7):9-12.
    Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page 9-12.
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  11.  67
    Was bioethics founded on historical and conceptual mistakes about medical paternalism?Laurence B. Mccullough - 2010 - Bioethics 25 (2):66-74.
    Bioethics has a founding story in which medical paternalism, the interference with the autonomy of patients for their own clinical benefit, was an accepted ethical norm in the history of Western medical ethics and was widespread in clinical practice until bioethics changed the ethical norms and practice of medicine. In this paper I show that the founding story of bioethics misreads major texts in the history of Western medical ethics. I also show that a major source for empirical claims about (...)
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  12.  54
    Physicians' silent decisions: Because patient autonomy does not always come first.Simon N. Whitney & Laurence B. McCullough - 2007 - American Journal of Bioethics 7 (7):33 – 38.
    Physicians make some medical decisions without disclosure to their patients. Nondisclosure is possible because these are silent decisions to refrain from screening, diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Nondisclosure is ethically permissible when the usual presumption that the patient should be involved in decisions is defeated by considerations of clinical utility or patient emotional and physical well-being. Some silent decisions - not all - are ethically justified by this standard. Justified silent decisions are typically dependent on the physician's professional judgment, experience and (...)
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  13.  72
    A Case Study in Unethical Transgressive Bioethics: “Letter of Concern from Bioethicists” About the Prenatal Administration of Dexamethasone.Benjamin Hippen, Robert L. Brent, Frank A. Chervenak & Laurence B. McCullough - 2010 - American Journal of Bioethics 10 (9):35-45.
    On February 3, 2010, a “Letter of Concern from Bioethicists,” organized by fetaldex.org, was sent to report suspected violations of the ethics of human subjects research in the off-label use of dexamethasone during pregnancy by Dr. Maria New. Copies of this letter were submitted to the FDA Office of Pediatric Therapeutics, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Office for Human Research Protections, and three universities where Dr. New has held or holds appointments. We provide a critical appraisal of (...)
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  14.  28
    Ethics in Obstetrics and Gynecology.Joan C. Callahan, Laurence B. McCullough & Frank A. Chervenak - 1996 - Hastings Center Report 26 (2):45.
    Book reviewed in this article: Ethics in Obstetrics and Gynecology. By Laurence B. McCullough and Frank A. Chervenak.
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  15. Medical ethics' appropriation of moral philosophy: The case of the sympathetic and the unsympathetic physician.Robert Baker & Laurence B. McCullough - 2007 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 17 (1):3-22.
    Philosophy textbooks typically treat bioethics as a form of "applied ethics"-i.e., an attempt to apply a moral theory, like utilitarianism, to controversial ethical issues in biology and medicine. Historians, however, can find virtually no cases in which applied philosophical moral theory influenced ethical practice in biology or medicine. In light of the absence of historical evidence, the authors of this paper advance an alternative model of the historical relationship between philosophical ethics and medical ethics, the appropriation model. They offer two (...)
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  16. Medical Ethics: The Moral Responsibilities of Physicians.Tom L. Beauchamp & Laurence B. Mccullough - 1985 - The Personalist Forum 1 (2):112-115.
     
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  17.  83
    Ethics in Clinical Practice.Judith C. Ahronheim, Jonathan Moreno, Connie Zuckerman & Laurence B. McCullough - 1995 - HEC Forum 7 (6):377-378.
  18.  55
    The Cambridge world history of medical ethics.Robert Baker & Laurence B. McCullough (eds.) - 2009 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    The Cambridge World History of Medical Ethics is the first comprehensive scholarly account of the global history of medical ethics. Offering original interpretations of the field by leading bioethicists and historians of medicine, it will serve as the essential point of departure for future scholarship in the field. The volumes reconceptualize the history of medical ethics through the creation of new categories, including the life cycle; discourses of religion, philosophy, and bioethics; and the relationship between medical ethics and the state, (...)
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  19. The ethical concept of medicine as a profession: its origins in modern medical ethics and implications for physicians.Laurence B. McCullough - 2006 - Advances in Bioethics 10:17-27.
     
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  20.  34
    Contributions of Ethical Theory to Pediatric Ethics Pediatricians and Parents as Co-fiduciaries of Pediatric Patients.Laurence B. McCullough - forthcoming - Pediatric Bioethics.
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  21.  36
    Justified Limits on Refusing Intervention.Frank A. Chervenak & Laurence B. McCullough - 1991 - Hastings Center Report 21 (2):12-18.
    Physicians may justifiably limit patients' refusals of medical interventions when the refusal is based on a negative right to noninterference coupled with a request for an unreasonable alternative.
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  22.  22
    Robert Veatch’s Disrupted Dialogue and its implications for bioethics.Laurence B. McCullough - 2022 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 43 (4):221-233.
    In his Disrupted Dialogue: Medical Ethics and the Collapse of Physician-Humanist Communication Robert Veatch presents a scholarly tour de force of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Anglophone medical ethics to demonstrate how the easy communication between physicians and humanists in the Scottish Enlightenment progressively dissipated as medicine became detached from humanistic disciplines. In this paper I offer two comments—that the discourse of medical ethics in the Scottish Enlightenment was a discourse of Baconian moral science and that nineteenth-century medical ethics in the United (...)
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  23.  28
    Beneficence and Wellbeing: A Critical Appraisal.Laurence B. McCullough - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (3):65-68.
    Volume 20, Issue 3, March 2020, Page 65-68.
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  24.  73
    Improving Informed Consent: The Medium Is Not the Message.Patricia Agre, Frances A. Campbell, Barbara D. Goldman, Maria L. Boccia, Nancy Kass, Laurence B. McCullough, Jon F. Merz, Suzanne M. Miller, Jim Mintz & Bruce Rapkin - 2003 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 25 (5):S11.
  25.  15
    John Gregory's Writings on Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine.John Gregory & Laurence B. McCullough - 1998 - Springer Verlag.
    This volume reprints in a scholar's edition the first English-language texts on bioethics, John Gregory's (1724-1773) Observations on the Duties and Offices of a Physician and on the Method of Prosecuting Enquiries in Philosophy (London, 1770) and Lectures on the Duties and Qualifications of a Physician (London, 1772). Five previously unpublished manuscripts of Gregory's lectures are also included. An introduction places Gregory's medical ethics and philosophy of medicine in their eighteenth-century contexts of Scottish Enlightenment history and culture, Baconian science and (...)
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  26.  8
    Leibniz on Individuals and Individuation: The Persistence of Premodern Ideas in Modern Philosophy.Laurence B. McCullough - 1996 - Springer.
    Leibniz's earliest philosophy and its importance for his mature philosophy have not been examined in detail, particularly in the level of detail that one can achieve by placing Leibniz's philosophy in the context of the sources for two of the most basic concerns of his philosophical career: his metaphysics of individuals and the principle oftheir individuation. In this book I provide for the first time a detailed examination of these two Leibnizian themes and trace its implications for how we should (...)
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  27.  46
    Hume's influence on John Gregory and the history of medical ethics.Laurence B. McCullough - 1999 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 24 (4):376 – 395.
    The concept of medicine as a profession in the English-language literature of medical ethics is of recent vintage, invented by the Scottish physician and medical ethicist, John Gregory (1724-1773). Gregory wrote the first secular, philosophical, clinical, and feminine medical ethics and bioethics in the English language and did so on the basis of Hume's principle of sympathy. This paper provides a brief account of Gregory's invention and the role that Humean sympathy plays in that invention, with reference to key texts (...)
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  28.  21
    The ethical concept of medicine as a profession discovery or invention?Laurence B. McCullough - 2019 - Journal of Medical Ethics 45 (12):786-787.
    Rosamond Rhodes makes a persuasive case for the view that medical ethics does not derive from common morality.1 Rhodes identifies the challenge that immediately arises and its corollary: Whence the origin of medical ethics? And, should we understand medical ethics as autonomous? From the perspective of professional ethics in medicine, the first question can now be restated: Whence the origin of the ethical concept of medicine as a profession, the basis of the ethical obligations of physicians in patient care, research, (...)
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  29.  52
    Taking the history of medical ethics seriously in teaching medical professionalism.Laurence B. McCullough - 2004 - American Journal of Bioethics 4 (2):13 – 14.
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  30.  27
    Getting Past Words: Futility and the Professional Ethics of Life-Sustaining Treatment.Allan S. Brett & Laurence B. McCullough - 2018 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 60 (3):319-327.
    In this issue of Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Schneiderman and colleagues critique a recent multi-society policy statement—developed by the American Thoracic Society and endorsed by four other organizations—entitled “Responding to Requests for Potentially Inappropriate Treatment in Intensive Care Units”. The focus of Schneiderman’s critique is the Multiorganization Policy Statement’s choice of the term “potentially inappropriate” to describe a class of interventions that clinicians should resist providing for patients near the end of life, even when patients or their families request (...)
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  31.  32
    Medicine as a Profession: A Hypothetical Imperative in Clinical Ethics.Laurence B. McCullough - 2015 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 40 (1):1-7.
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  32.  57
    Thought-styles, diagnosis, and concepts of disease: Commentary on Ludwik Fleck.Laurence B. Mccullough - 1981 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 6 (3):257-262.
    THIS PAPER IS A COMMENTARY ON LUDWIK FLECK'S ESSAY ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN WHAT HE CALLS "THOUGHT-STYLES" AND SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL CONCEPTS. THE IDEA OF A "THOUGHT-STYLE" APPLIED TO CONCEPTS OF DISEASE IS THAT THEY ARE NOT ONLY VALUE-LADEN IN THE SENSE OF INCLUDING NORMATIVE DIMENSIONS. THEY ALSO EMBRACE BROAD SOCIAL FACTORS, AS WELL. I ARGUE THAT THOUGHT-STYLES SHOULD BE UNDERSTOOD TO BE "OPEN-TEXTURED," ADMITTING A PLURALITY OF VALUE CONSIDERATIONS TO CONCEPTS OF DISEASE.
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  33.  38
    The History of Medical Ethics Is Crucial for a Critical Perspective in the Continuing Development of Ethics Consultation.Laurence B. McCullough - 2001 - American Journal of Bioethics 1 (4):55-57.
    (2001). The History of Medical Ethics Is Crucial for a Critical Perspective in the Continuing Development of Ethics Consultation. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 55-57.
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  34.  47
    A basic concept in the clinical ethics of managed care: Physicians and institutions as economically disciplined moral co-fiduciaries of populations of patients.Laurence B. McCullough - 1999 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 24 (1):77 – 97.
    Managed care employs two business tools of managed practice that raise important ethical issues: paying physicians in ways that impose conflicts of interest on them; and regulating physicians' clinical judgment, decision making, and behavior. The literature on the clinical ethics of managed care has begun to develop rapidly in the past several years. Professional organizations of physicians have made important contributions to this literature. The statements on ethical issues in managed care of four such organizations are considered here, the American (...)
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  35.  84
    Preventive ethics, professional integrity, and boundary setting: The clinical management of moral uncertainty.Laurence B. McCullough - 1995 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 20 (1):1-11.
  36.  22
    Response to Commentaries on “A Critical Analysis of the Concept and Discourse of 'Unborn Child'”.Laurence B. McCullough & Frank A. Chervenak - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (7):4-6.
    Despite its prominence in the abortion debate and in public policy, the discourse of ‘unborn patient’ has not been subjected to critical scrutiny. We provide a critical analysis in three steps. First, we distinguish between the descriptive and normative meanings of ‘unborn child.’ There is a long history of the descriptive use of ‘unborn child.’ Second, we argue that the concept of an unborn child has normative content but that this content does not do the work that opponents of abortion (...)
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  37.  42
    Consent: Informed, Simple, Implied and Presumed.Laurence B. McCullough, Amy L. McGuire & Simon N. Whitney - 2007 - American Journal of Bioethics 7 (12):49-50.
  38.  52
    AJOB Empirical Bioethics: A Home for Empirical Bioethics Scholarship.Chris Feudtner, Jeremy Sugarman, Barbara A. Koenig, Peter A. Ubel, Richard F. Ittenbach, Laura Weiss Roberts & Laurence B. McCullough - 2014 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 5 (1):1-2.
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  39.  24
    John Gregory (1724 - 1773) and the Invention of Professional Relationships in Medicine.Laurence B. McCullough - 1997 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 8 (1):11-21.
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  40.  38
    Preventive ethics, managed practice, and the hospital ethics committee as a resource for physician executives.Laurence B. McCullough - 1998 - HEC Forum 10 (2):136-151.
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  41.  26
    Pluralism, philosophies of medicine and the varieties of medical ethics: A commentary on Thomasma and Pellegrino.Laurence B. McCullough - 1981 - Metamedicine 2 (1):13-17.
    Some problems that arise in the account given by Thomasma and Pellegrino [6] of the foundations of medical ethics in a philosophy of medicine are addressed, in particular questions of a conceptual character about treating therelatum of medicine as health. Which concept of health is appropriate and which will bear the burden of the position thomasma and Pellegrino advance? It is argued that the proper relationship of medicine is one between a healer and developing embodied minds. As a consequence, the (...)
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  42.  27
    Leibniz and Confucianism: The Search for Accord.Laurence B. McCullough - 1979 - Philosophy East and West 29 (2):241-242.
  43.  29
    Professional Responsibility to and for Patients and the Ethics of Health Policy.Laurence B. McCullough - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics 13 (8):16-18.
    Nancy Jecker (2013) mounts a sustained and formidable critique of Norman Daniels's prudential lifespan account (PLA) as a reliable basis for justice between age groups in the responsible allocation...
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  44.  16
    Surgical Ethics.Laurence B. McCullough, James Wilson Jones & Baruch A. Brody - 1998 - Oxford University Press USA.
    This is the first textbook of surgical ethics. It is a practical, clinically comprehenive, well-organized guide to ethical issues in surgical practice, research, and education written by leading figures in surgery and bioethics. The authors cover the surgeon-patient relationship, the full range of surgical patients, surgical education and research, and surgery and managed care. Their chapters are not abstract discussions of ethical principles; rather, they connect directly with the everyday concerns of practicing surgeons.
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  45.  57
    The critical turn in clinical ethics and its continous enhancement.Laurence B. McCullough - 2005 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 30 (1):1 – 8.
    Taking the critical turn is one of the main tools of the humanities and inculcates an intellectual discipline that prevents ossification of thinking about issues and of organizational policies in clinical ethics. The articles in this "Clinical Ethics" number of the Journal take the critical turn with respect to cherished ways of thinking in Western clinical ethics, life extension, the clinical determination of death, physicians' duty to treat even at personal risk, clinical ethics at the interface of research ethics, and (...)
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  46.  39
    A Case Study in Junk Bioethics Run Amok.Frank A. Chervenak & Laurence B. McCullough - 2011 - American Journal of Bioethics 11 (12):59-61.
    The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 11, Issue 12, Page 59-61, December 2011.
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  47. A methodology for teaching ethics in the clinical setting: A clinical handbook for medical ethics.Laurence B. McCullough & Carol M. Ashton - 1994 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 15 (1).
    The pluralism of methodologies and severe time constraints pose important challenges to pedagogy in clinical ethics. We designed a step-by-step student handbook to operate within such constraints and to respect the methodological pluralism of bioethics and clinical ethics. The handbook comprises six steps: Step 1: What are the facts of the case?; Step 2: What are your obligations to your patient?; Step 3: What are your obligations to third parties to your relationship with the patient?; Step 4: Do your obligations (...)
     
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  48. Introduction.Laurence B. McCullough - 1983 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 4 (3).
     
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  49.  11
    Implications of Impaired Executive Control Functions for Patient Autonomy and Surrogate Decision Making.Laurence B. McCullough, V. Molinari & R. H. Workman - 2001 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 12 (4):397-405.
  50.  87
    Moral authority, power, and trust in clinical ethics.Laurence B. McCullough - 1999 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 24 (1):1 – 3.
    Moral concerns about the authority, power, and trustworthiness of physicians have become important topics in clinical ethics during the past three decades. These concerns have come to greater prominence with the increasing involvement of large-scale private institutions in the organization and delivery of medical services, especially managed care organizations, and with the increasing involvement of government in the payment for and organization and delivery of medical services. When physicians act as the agents of large institutions or governments, the power of (...)
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