The most important work of the famed German philosopher, this 1841 polemic asserts that religion and divinity are outward projections of inner human nature. Feuerbach's critique of Hegelian idealism excited immediate international attention — Marx and Engels were particularly influenced. This acclaimed translation is by the celebrated English novelist George Eliot.

Includes an Introduction and selected bibliography.

Feuerbach's departure from the traditional philosophy of Hegel opened the door for generations of radical philosophical thought. His philosophy has long been acknowledged as the influence for much of Marx's early writings. Indeed, a great amount of the young Marx must remain unintelligible without reference to certain basic Feuerbachian texts. These selections, most of them previously untranslated, establish the thought of Feuerbach in an independent role. They explain his fundamental criticisms of the 'old philosophy' of Hegel, and advance his own (...) humanistic thought, which finds its bases in life and sensuality. Feuerbach's contemporaneity as an existentialist, humanist, and atheist is clearly presented, and the reader can readily grasp the liberating influence of this too-long neglected philosopher. Professor Zawar Hanfi has written an excellent introduction establishing Feuerbach's environment, importance, and relevance and his translations surpass most previous Feuerbach translators. (shrink)

This book, translated for the first time into English, presents the major statement of the philosophy of Ludwig Feuerbach. Here, in his most systematic work, Feuerbach’s thought on religion and on the philosophy of nature achieves its full maturity. Central to the thought of Feuerbach is the concept that man not God is the creator, that divinities are representations of man’s innermost feelings and ideas. Philosophy should turn from theology and speculative rationalism to sound factual anthropology. “My aim in these (...) Lectures,” writes Feuerbach, “is to transform friends of God into friends of man, believers into thinkers, worshippers into workers, candidates for the other world into students of this world, Christians, who on their own confession are half-animal and half-angel, into men––whole men.”. (shrink)

"Originally published in 1845, this digest of thirty lectures by one of Germany's most influential humanist philosophers extends the critique expounded in The Essence of Christianity (1841) to religion as a whole." The main thrust of Feuerbach's analysis of religion is aptly summed up in the original subtitle to this work: "God the Image of Man. Man's Dependence upon Nature the Last and Only Source of Religion." Feuerbach reviews key aspects of religious belief and in each case explains them as (...) imaginative elaborations of the primal awe and sense of dependence that humans experience in the face of nature's power and mystery. Rather than man being created in the image of God, the situation is quite the reverse: "All theology is anthropology," he says, and "the being whom man sets over against himself as a separate supernatural existence is his own being.". (shrink)

Excerpt from Geschichte Der Neuern Philosophie Von Bacon Von Verulam Bis Benedict Spinoza 3 3. 5 n. N. Nad; ebenfo tvenig. 262 11 u. Fl. Bor l. Bon. 350 5 D. 11. Innern unbeen. 362 11 n. O. Il. Darin harum. 363 4 u. Ber eufì l. Ben eift. 366 17 n. 0. Ft. Leben l. 2eben. 397 6 5. U. Feblfdfliefienbeì1 l. Fel;lfdyiefienben. 411 11 0. Ft. Fein I. Ein. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of (...) rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

Excerpt from Vorlesungen Über das Wesen der Religion: Nebst Zusätzen und Anmerkungen Sch reihe fie meinen fammtliehen qberfen 016 ben achten sbanb an, weil ber 6chlu6 mit bem i'befen be6 @heiftenthume ein finniofer, bem b[an' bee 3bee, biz meiner (R)efammtaugahe 511 @mnbe liegt, burchauo miberfpmhenbee Ware. S>iefer gnfolge habe ich ba qbefen be6 (shtiftenthumo an meiner erften, b. H. Fruhften thrift gemacht, unb bahn abfiehttich bte @efammtauagabe mit ben (erlauterungen unb @rgangungen gum qbefen be6 @hriftenthumo begonnen. Sda nun aber bafl'elbe (...) buch auch in hie (c)efammtauogabe mit aufgenommen merben mute, fo eefcheint e6 feet bem (R)ruef nach 16 mein Iehte6 bert, mein Ieter qbifle unb (c)ebanfe. S)tefer trugerifche 6chein mu bahn auf; gehoben, ba6 (shetflenthum auf ben *blah guruefgebrangt werben, ber ihm in %ahrhcit gebuhrt. $dte6 gefehieht aber bureh btefeoflefungen. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

Feuerbach’s departure from the traditional philosophy of Hegel opened the door for generations of radical philosophical thought. His philosophy has long been acknowledged as the influence for much of Marx’s early writings. Indeed, a great amount of the young Marx must remain unintelligible without reference to certain basic Feuerbachian texts. These selections, most of them previously untranslated, establish the thought of Feuerbach in an independent role. They explain his fundamental criticisms of the ‘old philosophy’ of Hegel, and advance his own (...) humanistic thought, which finds its bases in life and sensuality. Feuerbach’s contemporaneity as an existentialist, humanist, and atheist is clearly presented, and the reader can readily grasp the liberating influence of this too-long neglected philosopher. Professor Zawar Hanfi has written an excellent introduction establishing Feuerbach’s environment, importance, and relevance and his translations surpass most previous Feuerbach translators. (shrink)

1. 1817-1839. -- 2. 1840-1844. -- 3. 1845-1852 -- 4. 1853-1861. -- 5. 1862-1868 ; Nachträge, 1828-1861.

Die Abhängigkeit des Menschen von der Natur ist der Grund der Religion. In diesem Satz verdichtet sich das Religionsverständnis, das Ludwig Feuerbach in seiner kurzen Schrift "Das Wesen der Religion" (1846) dargelegt hat. Mit ihr rückte er den Naturbegriff in den Mittelpunkt seiner Religionsforschung. Gegenüber seiner berühmtesten Abhandlung "Das Wesen des Christentums" (1841) trieb er auf diesem Wege die Gedankengänge, die zum Ursprung der Religion führen sollten, um einige Stollen tiefer. Der Wurzelgrund der Religion liegt nicht allein im Menschen, sondern (...) vielmehr im Verhältnis des Menschen zu der von ihm unabhängigen Natur. Feuerbach erkannte in dieser Bestimmung den Schlüssel zu einem aufgeklärten Religionsverständnis. The Essence of Religion The dependence of human beings on nature is the basis of religion. This statement summarizes the understanding of religion of Ludwig Feuerbach as he presented it in his short treatise "The Essence of Religion" (1846). With this work he shifted the focus of his religious research on the concept of nature. In comparison with his most famous work "The Essence of Christianity" (1841) his thinking, trying to get to the origins of religion, is working here on a somewhat deeper level. The root of religion is not to be found only in humanity but much more in the relationship of humanity with a nature which is independent from human beings. Feuerbach saw in this definition the key to an enligthened understanding of religion. (shrink)

De ratione, una, universali, infinita -- Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit -- Der Ursprung des Bösen nach Jacob Böhme -- Abälard und Héloise oder Der Schriftsteller und der Mensch.

This volume in The German Library redresses this situation by including some of the most influential and trenchant writings of all three socialist philosophers, ...

" L'essence du christianisme a frappé d'un " coup de tonnerre " philosophique le monde des intellectuels révolutionnaires " jeunes-hégéliens " allemands : " Nous fûmes tous feuerbachiens " (Engels). L'intervention de Feuerbach marque un tournant décisif dans la formation de la pensée de Marx. Marx a " épousé " la pensée de Feuerbach pendant des années. Il a dû passer par Feuerbach pour devenir Marx. Il est devenu Marx en se séparant de Feuerbach. L'essence du christianisme n'a rien perdu (...) de sa force révélatrice. Les philosophes seront frappés de découvrir dans ce livre des problèmes, des principes, de formules et des catégories philosophiques qui sont au cœur même de la pensée contemporaine. L'essence du christianisme a été le miroir et la solution provisoire de la crise des philosophes jeunes-hégéliens dans les années 1841-1845. On constatera avec quelle étonnante profondeur Feuerbach annone et devance, à un titre ou un autre, par contraste ou parenté, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Husserl, certains thèmes de Heidegger, Barth et la théologie récente, etc. L'essence du christianisme est, aujourd'hui encore, un ouvrage scandaleux. Car il porte sur la religion chrétienne et divise les hommes. Il oblige à se prononcer sur ce qui est sans doute la question cruciale de la philosophie contemporaine : religieuse, OU pour une philosophie consciemment et rigoureusement antireligieuse. ". (shrink)

1. Erlangen 1829-1832 -- 2. Erlangen 1830-1832.

The following text is a translation of Feuerbach’s essay ‘Zur Beurteilung der Schrift Das Wesen des Christentums’, which was published in February 1842. The piece is intended to clarify Feuerbach’s relation to many of his most important contemporaries and influences, especially Hegel. An Introduction to this essay has been published simultaneously.

Nei Princìpi della filosofia dell'avvenire (1843) Feuerbach ricostruisce la genealogia dell'idealismo, mostrando il legame tra teologia e forme filosofiche sostenuto già nelle Tesi provvisorie per una riforma della filosofia. Tuttavia non si ferma ad una lettura, pur geniale, della storia della filosofia, ma prospetta una nuova soluzione del problema ontologico che eviti il vuoto di soggetto in cui incorre la logica di Hegel: l'essere non è solo pensato ma esperito come altro rispetto al pensiero.Feuerbach propone una nozione positiva della sensibilità, (...) uno sguardo rinnovato che pone la causa del desiderio umano nel campo del visibile. Andare oltre Hegel non significa infatti recuperare il concetto romantico di sentimento, ma riconoscere la positività del reale.Nei Princìpi Feuerbach si interroga sugli effetti a lungo termine della verità. Il destinatario di questo manifesto filosofico non è l'uditorio universitario ma l'umanità futura. Qui l'universalità emerge come piano dell'intersoggettività. Solo dopo aver destituito l'Assoluto come soggetto, l'uomo incontra l'altro come simile: finito nella sua esistenza corporea, ma infinito nel genere in quanto umanità. (shrink)

Excerpt from Philosophische Kritiken und Grundsätze Sdaö %ortvort sum erften 23anbe überbebt mirb Der Siotbtvenbigfeit Diefen sbanb an bevormunden, um fo mebr, ai5 icb Daß, maß allein Der tbeiinebmenbe 2efer bier bon mit ertuarten fbnnte 2ingaben über mein pbi[ofopbifrbeö Curriculum vitae in Die 6cbrift feibft, wenn ancb nur auf eine bbcbft fragmentarifebe 233eife verarbeitet babe. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important (...) historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

Never translated before, 'Thoughts on Death and Immortality' was the first published work of Ludwig Feuerbach. The scandal created by portrayal of Christianity as an egoistic and inhumane religion cost the young Hegelian his job and, to some extent, his career. Joining philosophical argument to epigram, lyric, and satire, the work has three central arguments: first, a straightforward denial of the Christian belief in personal immortality; second, a plea for recognition of the inexhaustible quality of the only life we have; (...) and third, a derisive assault on the posturings and hypocrisies of the professional theologians of nineteenth-century Germany. (shrink)

1. Frühe Schriften (1828-1830).--2. Kritiken und Abhandlungen 1 (1832-1839).--3. Kritiken und Abhandlungen 2 (1839-1843).--4. Kritikenund Abhandlungen 3 (1844-1866).--5. Das Wesen des Christentums (1841).