23 found
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  1.  44
    Semantic Organs: The Concept and Its Theoretical Ramifications.Karel Kleisner - 2015 - Biosemiotics 8 (3):367-379.
    Many biologists still believe in a sort of post-Cartesian foundation of reality wherein objects are independent of subjects which cognize them. Recent research in behaviour, cognition, and psychology, however, provides plenty of evidence to the effect that the perception of an object differs depending on the kind of animal observer, and also its personality, hormonal, and sensorial set-up etc. In the following, I argue that exposed surfaces of organisms interact with other organisms’ perception to form semiautonomous relational entities called semantic (...)
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  2.  29
    The Dual Nature of Mimicry: Organismal Form and Beholder’s Eye.Karel Kleisner & S. Adil Saribay - 2019 - Biosemiotics 12 (1):79-98.
    Mimicry is often cited as a compelling demonstration of the power of natural selection. By adopting signs of a protected model, mimics usually gain a reproductive advantage by minimising the likelihood of being preyed upon. Yet while natural selection plays a role in the evolution of mimicry, it can be doubted whether it fully explains it. Mimicry is mediated by the emergence of formally analogous patterns between unrelated organisms and by the fact that these patterns are meaningfully perceived as similar. (...)
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  3.  34
    Perceive, Co-opt, Modify, and Live! Organism as a Centre of Experience.Karel Kleisner - 2011 - Biosemiotics 4 (2):223-241.
    Organic appearances are largely neglected by contemporary biology; partly because they are regarded as superficial effects of causes concealed beneath the surface. The persuasion that everything what does exist is existent for some immediately non-apparent reasons belongs to a general belief of modern science. All organisms are of the same evolutionary origin and of the same world wherein appearance coincides with existence. In this study, living beings are approached as appearing centers of experience that reflects their evolutionary history. From biohermeneutic (...)
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  4.  59
    The formation of the theory of homology in biological sciences.Karel Kleisner - 2007 - Acta Biotheoretica 55 (4):317-340.
    Homology is among the most important comparative concepts in biology. Today, the evolutionary reinterpretation of homology is usually conceived of as the most important event in the development of the concept. This paradigmatic turning point, however important for the historical explanation of life, is not of crucial importance for the development of the concept of homology itself. In the broadest sense, homology can be understood as sameness in reference to the universal guarantor so that in this sense the different concepts (...)
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  5.  55
    Turtles Are Not Just Walking Stones: Conspicuous Coloration and Sexual Selection in Freshwater Turtles.Jindřich Brejcha & Karel Kleisner - 2016 - Biosemiotics 9 (2):247-266.
    Turtles are among the most intriguing amniotes but their communication and signaling have rarely been studied. Traditionally, they have been seen as basically just silent armored ‘walking stones’ with complex physiology but no altruism, maternal care, or aesthetic perception. Recently, however, we have witnessed a radical change in the perception of turtle behavioral and cognitive skills. In our study, we start by reviewing some recent findings pertaining to various highly developed behavioral and cognitive patterns with special emphasis on turtles. Then (...)
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  6. Perceive, co-opt, modify, and live! Towards an understanding of organism as a centre of experience.Karel Kleisner - forthcoming - Biosemiotics. Dordrecht: Springer. Forthcoming.
     
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  7.  53
    360 Degrees of Facial Perception: Congruence in Perception of Frontal Portrait, Profile, and Rotation Photographs.Vít Třebický, Jitka Fialová, David Stella, Zuzana Štěrbová, Karel Kleisner & Jan Havlíček - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
  8.  48
    Re-semblance and re-evolution.Karel Kleisner - 2010 - Sign Systems Studies 38 (1-4):378-390.
    The independent emergence of similar features in phylogenetically non-allied groups of organisms has usually been explained as the result of similar selection pressures particular to specific environments. This explanation has been more or less helpful in elucidating convergent resemblances among organisms since the times of Darwin. Nevertheless, intensive research has brought new knowledge on the emergence of structural similarity among organisms, especially during the last two decades. We now have manifold evidence of the phenomena of evolutionary re-entries or re-evolution, which (...)
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  9.  27
    Sarnasus ja taasteke.Karel Kleisner - 2010 - Sign Systems Studies 38 (1/4):392-392.
    The independent emergence of similar features in phylogenetically nonallied groups of organisms has usually been explained as the result of similar selection pressures particular to specific environments. This explanation has been more or less helpful in elucidating convergent resemblances among organisms since the times of Darwin. Nevertheless, intensive research has brought new knowledge on the emergence of structural similarity among organisms, especially during the last two decades. We now have manifold evidence of the phenomena of evolutionary re-entries or re-evolution, which (...)
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  10.  71
    Mutual understanding and misunderstanding in biological systems mediated by self-representational meaning of organisms.Karel Kleisner & Anton Markoš - 2009 - Sign Systems Studies 37 (1/2):299-309.
    Modern biology gives many casuistic descriptions of mutual informational interconnections between organisms. Semiotic and hermeneutic processes in biosphere require a set of “sentient” community of players who optimize their living strategies to be able to stay in game. Perceptible surfaces of the animals, semantic organs, represent a special communicative interface that serves as an organ of self-representation of organic inwardness. This means that theinnermost dimensions and potentialities of an organism may enter the senses of other living being when effectively expressed (...)
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  11.  37
    Vastastikune mõistmine ja vääritimõistmine bioloogilistes susteemides organismide enese-esituslike tähenduste vahendusel.Karel Kleisner & Anton Markoš - 2009 - Sign Systems Studies 37 (1/2):310-310.
    Modern biology gives many casuistic descriptions of mutual informational interconnections between organisms. Semiotic and hermeneutic processes in biosphere require a set of “sentient” community of players who optimize their living strategies to be able to stay in game. Perceptible surfaces of the animals, semantic organs, represent a special communicative interface that serves as an organ of self-representation of organic inwardness. This means that the innermost dimensions and potentialities of an organism may enter the senses of other living being when effectively (...)
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  12.  17
    Predictors of Fighting Ability Inferences Based on Faces.Vít Třebický, Jitka Fialová, David Stella, Klára Coufalová, Radim Pavelka, Karel Kleisner, Radim Kuba, Zuzana Štěrbová & Jan Havlíček - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
    Facial perception plays a key role in various social interactions, including formidability assessments. People make relatively accurate inferences about men’s physical strength, aggressiveness, and success in physical confrontations based on facial cues. The physical factors related to the perception of fighting ability and their relative contribution have not been investigated yet, since most existing studies employed only a limited number of threat potential measures or proxies. In the present study, we collected data from Czech Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) fighters regarding (...)
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  13.  54
    Evolution Born of Moisture: Analogies and Parallels Between Anaximander’s Ideas on Origin of Life and Man and Later Pre-Darwinian and Darwinian Evolutionary Concepts.Radim Kočandrle & Karel Kleisner - 2013 - Journal of the History of Biology 46 (1):103-124.
    This study focuses on the origin of life as presented in the thought of Anaximander of Miletus but also points to some parallel motifs found in much later conceptions of both the pre-Darwinian German romantic science and post-Darwinian biology. According to Anaximander, life originated in the moisture associated with earth (mud). This moist environment hosted the first living creatures that later populated the dry land. In these descriptions, one can trace the earliest hints of the notion of environmental adaptation. The (...)
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  14.  71
    Monsters we met, monsters we made.Karel Kleisner & Marco Stella - 2009 - Sign Systems Studies 37 (3-4):454-475.
    Creatures living under the rule of domestication form a communicative union based on shared morphological, behavioural, cognitive, and immunologicalresemblances. Domestic animals live under particular conditions that substantially differ from the original (natural) settings of their wild relatives. Here we focus on the fact that many parallel characters have appeared in various domestic forms that had been selected for different purposes. These characters are often unique for domestic animals and do not exist in wild forms. We argue that parallel similarities appear (...)
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  15.  12
    Сходство и ре-эволюция.Karel Kleisner - 2010 - Sign Systems Studies 38 (1/4):391-391.
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  16.  24
    Cultural and Biological Evolution: What is the Difference?Karel Kleisner & Petr Tureček - 2017 - Biosemiotics 10 (1):127-130.
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  17.  16
    Introduction to Signs and Communication in Mimicry.Karel Kleisner & Timo Maran - 2019 - Biosemiotics 12 (1):1-6.
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  18.  34
    Koletised, keda kohtasime, koletised, kelle lõime.Karel Kleisner & Marco Stella - 2009 - Sign Systems Studies 37 (3/4):476-476.
    Creatures living under the rule of domestication form a communicative union based on shared morphological, behavioural, cognitive, and immunological resemblances. Domestic animals live under particular conditions that substantially differ from the original settings of their wild relatives. Here we focus on the fact that many parallel characters have appeared in various domestic forms that had been selected for different purposes. These characters are often unique for domestic animals and do not exist in wild forms. We argue that parallel similarities appear (...)
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  19.  18
    Semiotic Fitting, Co-option, and the Art of Life.Karel Kleisner - 2022 - Biosemiotics 15 (1):31-35.
    The intricate appearances produced by various lineages of biota have long been viewed as calling for a rational explanation. Biologists are capable of interpreting still just a relatively small part of the overall range of organismal forms and patterns. In fact, we can explain only those for which we find a functional role. Kalevi Kull’s current initiative, which aims at establishing biosemiotic foundations of aesthetics and introduction of concepts such as semiotic fitting, may help us elucidate various hitherto largely neglected (...)
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  20.  12
    Symptomic Mimicry Between SARS-CoV-2 and the Common Cold Complex.Petr Tureček & Karel Kleisner - 2022 - Biosemiotics 15 (1):61-66.
    The recent changes in COVID-19 symptoms suggest convergent evolution of respiratory diseases. This process is analogous to the emergence of animal mimetic complexes and complements previously identified types of mimicry. A novel pathogen might go unnoticed or insufficiently counteracted if it resembles a disease that the host already faced on multiple occasions, which creates a selective pressure towards a typical symptomic phonotype. In short, the reason why so many unrelated pathogens cause similar symptoms may correspond to the reasons that drove (...)
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  21.  31
    Evolution by Meaning Attribution: Notes on Biosemiotic Interpretations of Extended Evolutionary Synthesis.Jana Švorcová & Karel Kleisner - 2018 - Biosemiotics 11 (2):231-244.
    The aim of this contribution is to investigate certain selected parts of the extended evolutionary synthesis which all have a common denominator, namely evolution by meaning attribution. We start by arguing that living organisms can manipulate and interpret their genetic script via epigenetic modifications in a semiotic manner, that is, by meaning attribution. Genes do not build living beings to be transmitted to future generations. Genes have been shaped by evolution as a memory medium that is transmitted from one generation (...)
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  22.  64
    Towards an Evolutionary Biosemiotics: Semiotic Selection and Semiotic Co-option. [REVIEW]Timo Maran & Karel Kleisner - 2010 - Biosemiotics 3 (2):189-200.
    In biosemiotics, living beings are not conceived of as the passive result of anonymous selection pressures acted upon through the course of evolution. Rather, organisms are considered active participants that influence, shape and re-shape other organisms, the surrounding environment, and eventually also their own constitutional and functional integrity. The traditional Darwinian division between natural and sexual selection seems insufficient to encompass the richness of these processes, particularly in light of recent knowledge on communicational processes in the realm of life. Here, (...)
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  23.  55
    The Semantic Morphology of Adolf Portmann: A Starting Point for the Biosemiotics of Organic Form? [REVIEW]Karel Kleisner - 2008 - Biosemiotics 1 (2):207-219.
    This paper develops the ideas of the Swiss zoologist Adolf Portmann or, more precisely, his concept of organic self-representation, wherein Portmann considered the outer surface of living organisms as a specific organ that serves in a self-representational role. This idea is taken as a starting point from which to elaborate Portman’s ideas, so as to make them compatible with the theoretical framework of biosemiotics. Today, despite the many theories that help us understand aposematism, camouflage, deception and other phenomena related to (...)
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