Graphic and gut-wrenching images of death, violence, and pain fill our news media, despite debate about their effect on audiences and their potential to harm their subjects. This research uses in-d...

Seminary students remain unstudied in the research literature despite their eminent role in caring for the wellbeing of congregants. This study aimed to conduct baseline analysis of their family of origin health, psychological health, and physiological heath by utilizing the Biobehavioral Family Model as a conceptual framework for understanding the associations between these constructs. Statistical analysis utilizing structural equation modeling provided support that the BBFM was a sound model for assessing the relationships between these constructs within a seminary sample. Additionally, (...) seminarians were found to have higher rates of anxiety and depression when compared to the general population. Together, findings indicate that clinical care for seminarians may be best if implemented from a global systemic perspective. (shrink)

This article analyzes the photographic exhibit Yuyanapaq: Para Recordar, which was a product of the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission. It focuses specifically on the curatorial process and political desires shaping Yuyanapaq, and it examines the ways in which photographs were intended to intervene in and script a national consciousness and shared memory during and after Peru’s transition process. Exploring across the three iterations of Yuyanapaq, I ask how we might attempt to bear witness to past conflict without inadvertently perpetuating (...) its logic. (shrink)

When someone encounters an explanation perceived as weak, this may lead to a feeling of deprivation or tension that can be resolved by engaging in additional learning. This study examined to what extent children respond to weak explanations by seeking additional learning opportunities. Seven‐ to ten‐year‐olds (N = 81) explored questions and explanations (circular or mechanistic) about 12 animals using a novel Android tablet application. After rating the quality of an initial explanation, children could request and receive additional information or (...) return to the main menu to choose a new animal to explore. Consistent with past research, there were both developmental and IQ‐related differences in how children evaluated explanation quality. But across development, children were more likely to request additional information in response to circular explanations than mechanistic explanations. Importantly, children were also more likely to request additional information in direct response to explanations that they themselves had assigned low ratings, regardless of explanation type. In addition, there was significant variability in both children's explanation evaluation and their exploration, suggesting important directions for future research. The findings support the deprivation theory of curiosity and offer implications for education. (shrink)

As understanding of the human microbiome improves, novel therapeutic targets to improve human health with microbial therapeutics will continue to expand. We outline key considerations of balancing risks and benefits, optimising access, returning key results to research participants, and potential conflicts of interest.

L'étude du cycle carnavalesque de trois villages alpins, situés dans une enclave slave en Italie du nord (vallée de Resia), permet de suivre les étapes traversées par l'adolescente à l'intérieur de la fête, moment clef de son identification sexuelle et sociale. Les trois exemples choisis ont mis en lumière des stratégies différentes qui utilisent un couple de masques bäbac/maškira, couple qui correspond à l'opposition structurelle entre le modèle de la fille « sauvage » et celui de la demoiselle policée. Si (...) pour devenir une « jeune fille à marier », on doit passer par ces figures, l'identité ainsi acquise n'est pas fixée une fois pour toutes. En un jeu de miroirs, le sexe opposé et les autres classes d'âge éclairent ces parcours féminins sans cesse mouvants, au croisement des rites collectifs et du vécu singulier. (shrink)

Researchers investigating gender and anger have consistently found that White women, but not White men, are evaluated unfavorably when experiencing anger in the workplace. Our project originally aimed to extend findings on White women’s, Black women’s, and White men’s workplace anger by examining whether evaluations are exacerbated or buffered by invalidating or affirming comments from others. In stark contrast to previous research on gender stereotyping and anger evaluations, however, results across four studies (N= 1,095) showed that both Black and White (...) women portrayed as experiencing anger in the workplace were evaluatedmore favorablythan White men doing so. After Study 1’s initial failure to conceptually replicate, we investigated whether perceivers’ evaluations of women’s workplace anger could have been affected by the contemporaneous cultural event of #MeToo. Supporting this possibility, we found evaluations were moderated by news engagement and beliefs that workplace opportunities are gendered. Additionally, we found invalidating comments rarely affected evaluations of a protagonist yet affirming comments tended to favorably affect evaluations. Overall, findings suggest the need for psychologists to consider the temporary, or perhaps lasting, effects of cultural events on research outcomes. (shrink)

Cet article vise à exposer le travail que juristes, magistrats et experts ont dû effectuer – parfois au prix de leur vie – pour soutenir l’énoncé selon lequel la mafia existe, et montre les implications de cette assertion pour les « économies morales » de la société italienne. Après un détour historique destiné à décrire le processus conduisant, en septembre 1982, à une définition juridique de la mafia comme « association criminelle » – préalable nécessaire à l’aboutissement de toute action (...) en justice contre cette société secrète – ce texte se penche sur les mises à l’épreuve judiciaire de l’affirmation de la nature organisée et centralisée du phénomène mafieux, et sur les multiples revirements auxquels cette théorisation – appelée « le théorème Buscetta » du nom du repenti ayant permis de la formuler – a été soumise. Les controverses que suscitent de nos jours encore les procès anti-mafia dans le prétoire, les bureaux d’instruction ou les médias, incitent à saisir les enjeux politiques et moraux de telle ou telle définition de la « mafia » et du « mafieux », et à poser la question de la limite entre ce qui est acceptable ou intolérable au sein d’une démocratie. (shrink)

Cet article vise à exposer le travail que juristes, magistrats et experts ont dû effectuer – parfois au prix de leur vie – pour soutenir l’énoncé selon lequel la mafia existe, et montre les implications de cette assertion pour les « économies morales » de la société italienne. Après un détour historique destiné à décrire le processus conduisant, en septembre 1982, à une définition juridique de la mafia comme « association criminelle » – préalable nécessaire à l’aboutissement de toute action (...) en justice contre cette société secrète – ce texte se penche sur les mises à l’épreuve judiciaire de l’affirmation de la nature organisée et centralisée du phénomène mafieux, et sur les multiples revirements auxquels cette théorisation – appelée « le théorème Buscetta » du nom du repenti ayant permis de la formuler – a été soumise. Les controverses que suscitent de nos jours encore les procès anti-mafia dans le prétoire, les bureaux d’instruction ou les médias, incitent à saisir les enjeux politiques et moraux de telle ou telle définition de la « mafia » et du « mafieux », et à poser la question de la limite entre ce qui est acceptable ou intolérable au sein d’une démocratie. (shrink)

À San Juan de Plan, village des Hautes-Pyrénées espagnoles, le jour de la Sainte-Agathe, trois générations féminines s’affairent autour d’une préparation culinaire : el chocolate, le chocolat. Quelle relation peut-on établir entre la sainte aux seins coupés, les femmes, qui en Espagne lui vouent un culte tout particulier, et la boisson chaude qu’elles élaborent? Éclairé à la lumière de la biographie de sainte Agathe, ce rite alimentaire nous découvre quelques-unes des propriétés symboliques du chocolat et fait apparaître, dans ses multiples (...) facettes, une capacité propre à l’être féminin : celle de transmettre. (shrink)

L'étude du cycle carnavalesque de trois villages alpins, situés dans une enclave slave en Italie du nord (vallée de Resia), permet de suivre les étapes traversées par l'adolescente à l'intérieur de la fête, moment clef de son identification sexuelle et sociale. Les trois exemples choisis ont mis en lumière des stratégies différentes qui utilisent un couple de masques bäbac/maškira, couple qui correspond à l'opposition structurelle entre le modèle de la fille « sauvage » et celui de la demoiselle policée. Si (...) pour devenir une « jeune fille à marier », on doit passer par ces figures, l'identité ainsi acquise n'est pas fixée une fois pour toutes. En un jeu de miroirs, le sexe opposé et les autres classes d'âge éclairent ces parcours féminins sans cesse mouvants, au croisement des rites collectifs et du vécu singulier. (shrink)

RationaleSurrogates of critically ill patients often have inaccurate expectations about prognosis. Yet there is little research on how intensive care unit clinicians should discuss prognosis, and existing expert opinion-based recommendations give only general guidance that has not been validated with surrogate decision makers.ObjectiveTo determine the perspectives of key stakeholders regarding how prognostic information should be conveyed in critical illness.MethodsThis was a multicenter study at three academic medical centers in California, Pennsylvania, and Washington. One hundred eighteen key stakeholders completed in-depth semistructured (...) interviews. Participants included 47 surrogates of adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome; 45 clinicians working in study ICUs, including physicians, nurses, social workers, and spiritual care providers; and 26 experts in health communication, decision science, ethics, family-centered care, geriatrics, healthcare disparities, palliative care, psychology, psychiatry, and critical care.Measurements and main resultsThere was broad support among surrogates for existing expert recommendations, including truthful prognostic disclosure, emotional support, tailoring the disclosure strategy to each family's needs, and checking for understanding. In addition, stakeholders offered suggestions that add specificity to existing recommendations, including: In addition to conveying prognostic estimates, clinicians should help families "see the prognosis for themselves" by showing families radiographic images and explaining the clinical significance of physical manifestations of severe disease at the bedside. Many physicians did not support using numeric estimates to convey prognosis to families, whereas many surrogates, clinicians from other disciplines, and experts believed numbers could be helpful. Clinicians should conceptualize prognostic communication as an iterative process that begins with a preliminary mention of the possibility of death early in the ICU stay and becomes more detailed as the clinical situation develops. Although prognostic information should be initially disclosed by physicians, other members of the multidisciplinary team-nurses, social workers, and spiritual care providers-should be given explicit role responsibilities to reinforce physicians' prognostications and help families process a poor prognosis emotionally.ConclusionsFamily members, clinicians, and experts identified specific communication behaviors that clinicians should use to discuss prognosis in the critical care setting. These findings extend existing opinion-based recommendations and should guide interventions to improve communication about prognosis in ICUs. (shrink)

In India, domestic workers' movements advocated for their own and other workers’ rights both before and during the pandemic. Over the course of the pandemic, however, the political landscape and de...

In this article, the authors consider the use of a “Playlist of My Life Assignment” in helping social studies (SS) and English language arts (ELA) teacher candidates (TCs) conceptualize multimodal and humanizing SS and ELA curricula. The Playlist Assignment asked teacher candidates to center the music, texts, land, spaces, and places that are most important to them, and potentially relate these back to their own pedagogies as SS and ELA teachers. Taken from two qualitative studies of two teacher education courses (...) at two separate, large research universities in the U.S. Southwest, this article examines teacher candidates’ understandings of their disciplines as humanizing and multimodal, and as centered in their and their students’ communities, through the Playlist Assignment. Data included the Playlist Assignment, curated by TCs in each methods course, and TCs’ class response journals. TCs offered profound texts they carried within them throughout their lives, demonstrating (1) their multimodal disruptions of the definition of a “text” and (2) the empowering and limiting effect of life texts for humanizing curricula. This work has implications for SS and ELA teacher educators interested in supporting teacher candidates as they conceptualize multimodal and humanizing curricula with and for their future students. (shrink)

Deborah Puccio est chercheuse associée à l'Institut d'Ethnologie Méditerranéenne et Comparative (MMSH, Aix-en-Provence). Dans le numéro 14 de CLIO, Festins de femmes (automne 2001) elle s'interrogeait, avec « Sainte-Agathe, les femmes et le chocolat », sur le rôle d'une fête religieuse associée, en Aragon, avec le Carnaval, dans la construction de l'identité féminine et la transmission de la fonction génésique entre générations de femmes. Son livre, édition de la thèse qu'elle a souten...