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Kenny Smith [33]Kurt Smith [33]Kirby Flower Smith [32]Kelly C. Smith [25]
Karl E. Smith [16]Kevin Smith [15]Kendon Smith [13]K. Smith [12]

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  1.  60
    Compression and communication in the cultural evolution of linguistic structure.Simon Kirby, Monica Tamariz, Hannah Cornish & Kenny Smith - 2015 - Cognition 141 (C):87-102.
  2. The extended replicator.Kim Sterelny, Kelly C. Smith & Michael Dickison - 1996 - Biology and Philosophy 11 (3):377-403.
    This paper evaluates and criticises the developmental systems conception of evolution and develops instead an extension of the gene's eye conception of evolution. We argue (i) Dawkin's attempt to segregate developmental and evolutionary issues about genes is unsatisfactory. On plausible views of development it is arbitrary to single out genes as the units of selection. (ii) The genotype does not carry information about the phenotype in any way that distinguishes the role of the genes in development from that other factors. (...)
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  3. Theories of theories of mind.G. Segal, P. Carruthers & K. Smith - 1996 - In Peter Carruthers & Peter K. Smith (eds.), Theories of Theories of Mind. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  4.  40
    Eliminating unpredictable variation through iterated learning.Kenny Smith & Elizabeth Wonnacott - 2010 - Cognition 116 (3):444-449.
  5.  39
    Evolving artificial sign languages in the lab: From improvised gesture to systematic sign.Yasamin Motamedi, Marieke Schouwstra, Kenny Smith, Jennifer Culbertson & Simon Kirby - 2019 - Cognition 192 (C):103964.
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  6.  97
    Non‐adjacent Dependency Learning in Humans and Other Animals.Benjamin Wilson, Michelle Spierings, Andrea Ravignani, Jutta L. Mueller, Toben H. Mintz, Frank Wijnen, Anne Kant, Kenny Smith & Arnaud Rey - 2020 - Topics in Cognitive Science 12 (3):843-858.
    Wilson et al. focus on one class of AGL tasks: the cognitively demanding task of detecting non‐adjacent dependencies (NADs) among items. They provide a typology of the different types of NADs in natural languages and in AGL tasks. A range of cues affect NAD learning, ranging from the variability and number of intervening elements to the presence of shared prosodic cues between the dependent items. These cues, important for humans to discover non‐adjacent dependencies, are also found to facilitate NAD learning (...)
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  7.  58
    Governing Animals: Animal Welfare and the Liberal State.Kimberly K. Smith - 2012 - Oup Usa.
    Governing Animals explores the role of the liberal state in protecting animal welfare. Examining liberal concepts such as the social contract, property rights, and representation, Kimberly K. Smith argues that liberalism properly understood can recognize the moral status and social meaning of animals and provides guidance in fashioning animal policy.
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  8.  53
    Zipf’s Law of Abbreviation and the Principle of Least Effort: Language users optimise a miniature lexicon for efficient communication.Jasmeen Kanwal, Kenny Smith, Jennifer Culbertson & Simon Kirby - 2017 - Cognition 165 (C):45-52.
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  9.  36
    Contextual predictability shapes signal autonomy.James Winters, Simon Kirby & Kenny Smith - 2018 - Cognition 176 (C):15-30.
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  10.  51
    Differences in negativity bias underlie variations in political ideology.John R. Hibbing, Kevin B. Smith & John R. Alford - 2014 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (3):297-307.
    Disputes between those holding differing political views are ubiquitous and deep-seated, and they often follow common, recognizable lines. The supporters of tradition and stability, sometimes referred to as conservatives, do battle with the supporters of innovation and reform, sometimes referred to as liberals. Understanding the correlates of those distinct political orientations is probably a prerequisite for managing political disputes, which are a source of social conflict that can lead to frustration and even bloodshed. A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence (...)
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  11.  90
    Non‐adjacent Dependency Learning in Humans and Other Animals.Benjamin Wilson, Michelle Spierings, Andrea Ravignani, Jutta L. Mueller, Toben H. Mintz, Frank Wijnen, Anne van der Kant, Kenny Smith & Arnaud Rey - 2018 - Topics in Cognitive Science 12 (3):843-858.
    Wilson et al. focus on one class of AGL tasks: the cognitively demanding task of detecting non‐adjacent dependencies (NADs) among items. They provide a typology of the different types of NADs in natural languages and in AGL tasks. A range of cues affect NAD learning, ranging from the variability and number of intervening elements to the presence of shared prosodic cues between the dependent items. These cues, important for humans to discover non‐adjacent dependencies, are also found to facilitate NAD learning (...)
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  12.  36
    The cognitive roots of regularization in language.Vanessa Ferdinand, Simon Kirby & Kenny Smith - 2019 - Cognition 184 (C):53-68.
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  13. Cross-Situational Learning: An Experimental Study of Word-Learning Mechanisms.Kenny Smith, Andrew D. M. Smith & Richard A. Blythe - 2011 - Cognitive Science 35 (3):480-498.
    Cross-situational learning is a mechanism for learning the meaning of words across multiple exposures, despite exposure-by-exposure uncertainty as to the word's true meaning. We present experimental evidence showing that humans learn words effectively using cross-situational learning, even at high levels of referential uncertainty. Both overall success rates and the time taken to learn words are affected by the degree of referential uncertainty, with greater referential uncertainty leading to less reliable, slower learning. Words are also learned less successfully and more slowly (...)
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  14.  42
    Multiply-constrained semantic search in the Remote Associates Test.Kevin A. Smith, David E. Huber & Edward Vul - 2013 - Cognition 128 (1):64-75.
  15.  31
    Simplicity and informativeness in semantic category systems.Jon W. Carr, Kenny Smith, Jennifer Culbertson & Simon Kirby - 2020 - Cognition 202 (C):104289.
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  16. The Impact of Information Structure on the Emergence of Differential Object Marking: An Experimental Study.Shira Tal, Kenny Smith, Jennifer Culbertson, Eitan Grossman & Inbal Arnon - 2022 - Cognitive Science 46 (3):e13119.
    Cognitive Science, Volume 46, Issue 3, March 2022.
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  17.  82
    (1 other version)Minimal Requirements for the Emergence of Learned Signaling.Matthew Spike, Kevin Stadler, Simon Kirby & Kenny Smith - 2016 - Cognitive Science 40 (7):623-658.
    The emergence of signaling systems has been observed in numerous experimental and real-world contexts, but there is no consensus on which shared mechanisms underlie such phenomena. A number of explanatory mechanisms have been proposed within several disciplines, all of which have been instantiated as credible working models. However, they are usually framed as being mutually incompatible. Using an exemplar-based framework, we replicate these models in a minimal configuration which allows us to directly compare them. This reveals that the development of (...)
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  18.  48
    Being a Good Nurse and Doing the Right Thing: a qualitative study.Katharine V. Smith & Nelda S. Godfrey - 2002 - Nursing Ethics 9 (3):301-312.
    Despite an abundance of theoretical literature on virtue ethics in nursing and health care, very little research has been carried out to support or refute the claims made. One such claim is that ethical nursing is what happens when a good nurse does the right thing. The purpose of this descriptive, qualitative study was therefore to examine nurses’ perceptions of what it means to be a good nurse and to do the right thing. Fifty-three nurses responded to two open-ended questions: (...)
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  19.  40
    From partners to populations: A hierarchical Bayesian account of coordination and convention.Robert D. Hawkins, Michael Franke, Michael C. Frank, Adele E. Goldberg, Kenny Smith, Thomas L. Griffiths & Noah D. Goodman - 2023 - Psychological Review 130 (4):977-1016.
  20.  33
    An examination of online cheating among business students through the lens of the Dark Triad and Fraud Diamond.Kenneth Smith, David Emerson, Timothy Haight & Bob Wood - 2023 - Ethics and Behavior 33 (6):433-460.
    Business students have long been noted for their differential proclivity to engage in academic misconduct. Unfortunately, the potential for misconduct has been exacerbated in recent years by rapid advances in technology, easy access to information, competitive pressures, and the proliferation of websites that provide students access to information that allows them to directly circumvent the learning process. Using a convenience sample of 631 students matriculating in various business majors at four U.S. universities and structural equations modeling procedures, this study assesses (...)
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  21.  52
    Word Meanings Evolve to Selectively Preserve Distinctions on Salient Dimensions.Catriona Silvey, Simon Kirby & Kenny Smith - 2015 - Cognitive Science 39 (1):212-226.
    Words refer to objects in the world, but this correspondence is not one-to-one: Each word has a range of referents that share features on some dimensions but differ on others. This property of language is called underspecification. Parts of the lexicon have characteristic patterns of underspecification; for example, artifact nouns tend to specify shape, but not color, whereas substance nouns specify material but not shape. These regularities in the lexicon enable learners to generalize new words appropriately. How does the lexicon (...)
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  22.  92
    How Culture and Biology Interact to Shape Language and the Language Faculty.Kenny Smith - 2018 - Topics in Cognitive Science 12 (2):690-712.
    Smith gives an excellent overview on research in language evolution, in which he discusses several recent models of how linguistic systems and the cognitive capacities involved in language learning may have co‐evolved. He illustrates how combined pressures on language learning and communication/use produce compositionally structured languages. Once in place, a (culturally transmitted) communication system creates new selection pressures on the capacity for acquiring these systems.
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  23.  84
    Sources of Uncertainty in Intuitive Physics.Kevin A. Smith & Edward Vul - 2013 - Topics in Cognitive Science 5 (1):185-199.
    Recent work suggests that people predict how objects interact in a manner consistent with Newtonian physics, but with additional uncertainty. However, the sources of uncertainty have not been examined. In this study, we measure perceptual noise in initial conditions and stochasticity in the physical model used to make predictions. Participants predicted the trajectory of a moving object through occluded motion and bounces, and we compared their behavior to an ideal observer model. We found that human judgments cannot be captured by (...)
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  24. Against homeopathy – a utilitarian perspective.Kevin Smith - 2012 - Bioethics 26 (8):398-409.
    I examine the positive and negative features of homeopathy from an ethical perspective. I consider: (a) several potentially beneficial features of homeopathy, including non-invasiveness, cost-effectiveness, holism, placebo benefits and agent autonomy; and (b) several potentially negative features of homeopathy, including failure to seek effective healthcare, wastage of resources, promulgation of false beliefs and a weakening of commitment to scientific medicine. A utilitarian analysis of the utilities and disutilities leads to the conclusion that homeopathy is ethically unacceptable and ought to be (...)
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  25.  78
    Life as Adaptive Capacity: Bringing New Life to an Old Debate.Kelly C. Smith - 2018 - Biological Theory 13 (2):76-92.
    Whatever we take “life” to mean, it must involve an attempt to describe the objective reality beyond scientists’ biases. Traditionally, this is thought to involve comparing our scientific categories to “natural kinds.” But this approach has been tainted with an implicit metaphysics, inherited from Aristotle, that does not fit biological reality. In particular, we must accept that biological categories will never be specifiable in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions or shared underlying physical structures that produce clean boundaries. Biology blurs (...)
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  26.  39
    Implementation of complex adaptive chronic care: the Patient Journey Record system (PaJR).Carmel M. Martin, Carl Vogel, Deirdre Grady, Atieh Zarabzadeh, Lucy Hederman, John Kellett, Kevin Smith & Brendan O’ Shea - 2012 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 18 (6):1226-1234.
  27. (1 other version)Divisibility and Cartesian Extension.K. Smith & A. Nelson - 2010 - Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy 5.
     
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  28.  38
    Nursing history as philosophy—towards a critical history of nursing.Thomas Foth, Jette Lange & Kylie Smith - 2018 - Nursing Philosophy 19 (3):e12210.
    Mainstream nursing history often positions itself in opposition to philosophy and many nursing historians are reticent of theorizing. In the quest to illuminate the lives of nurses and women current historical approaches are driven by reformist aspirations but are based on the conception that nursing or caring is basically good and the timelessness of universal values. This has the effect of essentialising political categories of identity such as class, race and gender. This kind of history is about affirmation rather than (...)
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  29.  44
    A computational model of the cultural co-evolution of language and mindreading.Marieke Woensdregt, Chris Cummins & Kenny Smith - 2020 - Synthese 199 (1-2):1347-1385.
    Several evolutionary accounts of human social cognition posit that language has co-evolved with the sophisticated mindreading abilities of modern humans. It has also been argued that these mindreading abilities are the product of cultural, rather than biological, evolution. Taken together, these claims suggest that the evolution of language has played an important role in the cultural evolution of human social cognition. Here we present a new computational model which formalises the assumptions that underlie this hypothesis, in order to explore how (...)
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  30.  44
    Word learning under infinite uncertainty.Richard A. Blythe, Andrew D. M. Smith & Kenny Smith - 2016 - Cognition 151 (C):18-27.
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  31. Learning Times for Large Lexicons Through Cross‐Situational Learning.Richard A. Blythe, Kenny Smith & Andrew D. M. Smith - 2010 - Cognitive Science 34 (4):620-642.
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  32.  50
    An examination of cheating and its antecedents among marketing and management Majors.Kenneth J. Smith, Jeanette A. Davy & Debbie Easterling - 2004 - Journal of Business Ethics 50 (1):63-80.
    This study examines cheating behaviors among 742 marketing and management majors at three public AACSB-accredited business schools. Specifically, we studied the simultaneous influence of demographic and attitudinal characteristics on: (1) reported prior cheating behavior; (2) the tendency to neutralize cheating behaviors; and, (3) likelihood of future cheating. We additionally examined the impact of in-class deterrents on neutralization of cheating behaviors and the likelihood of future cheating. We also directly tested potential mediating effects of neutralization on cheating behavior.We conducted independent assessments (...)
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  33. Homeopathy is unscientific and unethical.Kevin Smith - 2012 - Bioethics 26 (9):508-512.
    In opposition to the premises of Against Homeopathy – a Utilitarian Perspective, all four respondents base their objections on the central claims that homeopathy is in fact scientifically plausible and is supported by empirical evidence. Despite ethical aspects forming the main thrust of Against Homeopathy, the respondents’ focus on scientific aspects represents sound strategy, since the ethical case against homeopathy would be weakened concomitant with the extent to which any plausibility for homeopathy could be demonstrated. The trouble here is that (...)
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  34. Sober on Brandon on screening-off and the levels of selection.Robert N. Brandon, Janis Antonovics, Richard Burian, Scott Carson, Greg Cooper, Paul Sheldon Davies, Christopher Horvath, Brent D. Mishler, Robert C. Richardson, Kelly Smith & Peter Thrall - 1994 - Philosophy of Science 61 (3):475-486.
    Sober (1992) has recently evaluated Brandon's (1982, 1990; see also 1985, 1988) use of Salmon's (1971) concept of screening-off in the philosophy of biology. He critiques three particular issues, each of which will be considered in this discussion.
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  35. Anselmian Defense of Hell.T. Parker Haratine & Kevin A. Smith - 2024 - TheoLogica: An International Journal for Philosophy of Religion and Philosophical Theology 8 (1).
    This article constructively retrieves St. Anselm of Canterbury’s theory of retributive justice and provides a defense of what can be called the retributive model of hell. In the first part of this article, we develop the place of retributive punishment in Anselm’s thinking and discuss how and when retributive punishment is a good thing. In the second part, we apply Anselm’s thinking on retributive justice to the problem of hell and provide a defense of how hell, defined as a state (...)
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  36. Sustaining local agriculture Barriers and opportunities to direct marketing between farms and restaurants in Colorado.Amory Starr, Adrian Card, Carolyn Benepe, Garry Auld, Dennis Lamm, Ken Smith & Karen Wilken - 2003 - Agriculture and Human Values 20 (3):301-321.
    Research explored methods for “shortening the food links” or developing the “local foodshed” by connecting farmers with food service buyers (for restaurants and institutions) in Colorado. Telephone interviews were used to investigate marketing and purchasing practices. Findings include that price is not a significant factor in purchasing decisions; that food buyers prioritize quality as their top purchasing criterion but are not aware that local farmers can provide higher quality, that institutions are interested in buying locally; that small farms can offer (...)
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  37.  16
    How the bereaved behave: a cross-cultural study of emotional display behaviours and rules.Ningning Zhou, Kirsten V. Smith, Eva Stelzer, Andreas Maercker, Juzhe Xi & Clare Killikelly - 2023 - Cognition and Emotion 37 (5):1023-1039.
    Cultural norms may dictate how grief is displayed. The present study explores the display behaviours and rules in the bereavement context from a cross-cultural perspective. 86 German-speaking Swiss and 99 Chinese bereaved people who lost their first-degree relative completed the adapted bereavement version of the Display Rules Assessment Inventory. Results indicated that the German-speaking Swiss bereaved displayed more emotions than the Chinese bereaved. The Chinese bereaved, but not the German-speaking Swiss bereaved, thought that bereaved people should display more emotions than (...)
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  38.  54
    Matter matters: metaphysics and methodology in the early modern period.Kurt Smith - 2010 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    M̀atter Matters is a work of genius. The work exhibits a breathtaking spread of erudition from antiquity to the present, mobilized to elucidate the early modern significance of the concept of matter. The slight play of words in the title expresses the principal thesis of the work, that mathematics is intelligible for Descartes if and only if matter exists as its object. Smith understands, better than anyone, how Descartes could claim, literally, that "my physics is nothing but geometry." Many will (...)
  39.  50
    Adult Learning and Language Simplification.Mark Atkinson, Kenny Smith & Simon Kirby - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (8):2818-2854.
    Languages spoken in larger populations are relatively simple. A possible explanation for this is that languages with a greater number of speakers tend to also be those with higher proportions of non‐native speakers, who may simplify language during learning. We assess this explanation for the negative correlation between population size and linguistic complexity in three experiments, using artificial language learning techniques to investigate both the simplifications made by individual adult learners and the potential for such simplifications to influence group‐level language (...)
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  40.  18
    Great Expectations: Sixth-formers' perceptions of teaching and learning in degree-level English.Karen Smith & Chris Hopkins - 2005 - Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 4 (3):304-318.
    This article feeds into the discussion of transitional issues begun in Volume 2 of Arts and Humanities in Higher Education. It draws on research into A-level students' expectations of university English and how these compare to the experiences of first-year students, university lecturers and A-level teachers. The data presented are drawn from innovative focus group sessions which gave pre-higher education and first-year university students a range of exercises to encourage them to focus on their expectations and experiences of studying English. (...)
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  41. An examination of the role of attitudinal characteristics and motivation on the cheating behavior of business students.Jeanette A. Davy, Joel F. Kincaid, Kenneth J. Smith & Michelle A. Trawick - 2007 - Ethics and Behavior 17 (3):281 – 302.
    This study examines cheating behaviors among 422 business students at two public Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business-accredited business schools. Specifically, we examined the simultaneous influence of attitudinal characteristics and motivational factors on reported prior cheating behavior, the tendency to neutralize cheating behaviors, and likelihood of future cheating. In addition, we examined the impact of in-class deterrents on neutralization of cheating behaviors and the likelihood of future cheating. We also directly tested potential mediating effects of neutralization on cheating behavior. (...)
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  42. Iterated learning in populations of Bayesian agents.Kenny Smith - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp. 697--702.
     
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  43.  51
    The Role of Sequential Dependence in Creative Semantic Search.Kevin A. Smith & Edward Vul - 2015 - Topics in Cognitive Science 7 (3):543-546.
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  44.  66
    Time to start intervening in the human germline? A utilitarian perspective.Kevin Smith - 2019 - Bioethics 34 (1):90-104.
    Focusing on present‐day possibilities raised by existing technology, I consider the normative aspects of genetically modifying the human germline from a utilitarian standpoint. With reference to a hypothetical case, I examine the probable consequences of permitting a well‐conceived attempt to correct a disease‐associated gene in the human germline using current CRISPR gene‐editing technology. I consider inter alia the likely effects on utility of creating healthy new lives, of discouraging adoption, and of kickstarting a revolution in human germline genetic modification (HGGM). (...)
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  45.  54
    The problematization of medical tourism: A critique of neoliberalism.Kristen Smith - 2012 - Developing World Bioethics 12 (1):1-8.
    The past two decades have seen the extensive privatisation and marketisation of health care in an ever reaching number of developing countries. Within this milieu, medical tourism is being promoted as a rational economic development strategy for some developing nations, and a makeshift solution to the escalating waiting lists and exorbitant costs of health care in developed nations. This paper explores the need to problematize medical tourism in order to move beyond one dimensional neoliberal discourses that have, to date, dominated (...)
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  46.  13
    Sung Dynasty Uses of the I Ching.Kidder Smith & P. K. Bol - 1990 - Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press.
    The I Ching, or Book of Changes, has been one of the two or three most influential books in the Chinese canon. It has been used by people on all levels of society, both as a method of divination and as a source of essential ideas about the nature of heaven, earth, and humankind. During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Sung dynasty literati turned to it for guidance in their fundamental reworking of the classical traditions. This book explores how four (...)
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  47.  60
    Examination of cybercrime and its effects on corporate stock value.Katherine Taken Smith, Amie Jones, Leigh Johnson & Lawrence Murphy Smith - 2019 - Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 17 (1):42-60.
    Purpose Cybercrime is a prevalent and serious threat to publicly traded companies. Defending company information systems from cybercrime is one of the most important aspects of technology management. Cybercrime often not only results in stolen assets and lost business but also damages a company’s reputation, which in turn may affect the company’s stock market value. This is a serious concern to company managers, financial analysts, investors and creditors. This paper aims to examine the impact of cybercrime on stock prices of (...)
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  48.  21
    Appealing to Ignorance Behind the Cloak of Ambiguity.Kelly C. Smith - 2001 - In Robert T. Pennock (ed.), Intelligent Design Creationism and Its Critics: Philosophical, Theological, and Scientifc Perspectives. MIT Press. pp. 705-35.
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  49.  10
    Marriage Markets and Male Mating Effort: Violence and Crime Are Elevated Where Men Are Rare.Ryan Schacht, Douglas Tharp & Ken R. Smith - 2016 - Human Nature 27 (4):489-500.
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  50.  44
    Conceptual Similarity and Communicative Need Shape Colexification: An Experimental Study.Andres Karjus, Richard A. Blythe, Simon Kirby, Tianyu Wang & Kenny Smith - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (9):e13035.
    Colexification refers to the phenomenon of multiple meanings sharing one word in a language. Cross‐linguistic lexification patterns have been shown to be largely predictable, as similar concepts are often colexified. We test a recent claim that, beyond this general tendency, communicative needs play an important role in shaping colexification patterns. We approach this question by means of a series of human experiments, using an artificial language communication game paradigm. Our results across four experiments match the previous cross‐linguistic findings: all other (...)
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