Revolutionary Thought after the Paris Commune, 1871–1885 by Julia Nicholls is an ambitious book about the thought of the revolutionary Left in France during the fifteen years after the defeat of th...

I examine the degree of specialization in various sub-fields of philosophy, drawing on data from the PhilPapers Survey. The following three sub-fields are highly specialized: Ancient philosophy, seventeenth/eighteenth century philosophy, and philosophy of physics. The following sub-fields have a low level of specialization: metaphilosophy, philosophy of religion, philosophy of probability, philosophy of the social sciences, decision theory, and philosophy of race and gender. Highly specialized sub-fields tend to require extensive knowledge in some area beyond the typical training of a philosopher, (...) and outside of philosophy proper. In addition, there is a correlation between sub-field size and degree of specialization. Larger sub-fields tend to be more specialized. (shrink)

A growing number of discharges at acute-care hospitals involve patients who are undocumented and lack legal status. Because such patients are ineligible for public assistance, long-term care facilities will routinely deny them admission. These discharges become complex discharges because of such financial barriers. If local family support is unavailable, discharging such patients to a safe and suitable location becomes increasingly difficult. These complex discharges implicate a number of ethical principles. We describe such complex discharge cases, apply various ethical frameworks, and (...) call for potential policy solutions to address this growing ethical concern. (shrink)

A partir de son apparemment étrange observation d'une influence cachée des étoiles sur l'action humaine une attentive reconsidération du concept de l'actus humanus de Saint Thomas dans la Prima Secundae révèle une vue plus ample des processus internes à l'agent humain qui contribuent à la spécification individuelle de l'action humaine et, donc, de la liberté humaine. Il semble que parmi les adeptes de la théorie thomiste de l'action, l'influence importante que l'appétit sensible peut exercer en cette direction, tout en restant (...) entièrement caché aux actes conscients de l'intellect et de la volonté de la personne, n'a pas été reconnue jusqu'aujourd'hui. Dans sa théorie de l'action Saint Thomas fournit un cadre solide pour une réflexion ultérieure sur l'influence de l'inconscient dynamique sur la liberté et pour une intégration critique interdisciplinaire des intuitions valides de la psychologie des profondeurs. En plus, il semble que la redécouverte de son concept plus large de l'actus humunus rende possible de repenser à profit certains éléments classique de son éthique. (shrink)

Level statistics and nodal point distribution in a rectangular semiconductor quantum dot are studied for different degrees of spin-orbit coupling. The chaotic features occurring from the spin-orbit coupling have no classical counterpart. Using experimental values for GaSb/InAs/GaSb semiconductor quantum wells we find that level repulsion can lead to the semi-Poisson distribution for nearest level separations. Nodal lines and nodal points are also investigated. Comparison is made with nodal point distributions for fully chaotic states.

ZusammenfassungBeim Versuch, ein natürliches System der Wirklichkeit zu entwerfen, wird von der Vorstellung eines Schichtenbaus und von der kategorialen Erkenntnisweise im Sinne Nicolai Hartmanns ausgegangen. Dabei erweist sich einmal mehr die grundlegende Bedeutung der Gegensätzlichkeit in ihren verschiedenen Erscheinungsweisen. Insbesondere ist die Erfassung der Gesamtwirklichkeit nur unter einem Doppelaspekt möglich. Der diskursiv‐luminose Aspekt einer vierfach geschichteten, vieldimensionalen und raumzeitlich aufgespaltenen Wirklichkeit steht dem intuitiv‐numinosen Aspekt mit seiner schöpferischen, dem Raumzeitlichen entrückten Einheitsschau komplementär gegenüber. Erst beide Aspekte umfassen gemeinsam das Ganze (...) der Wirklichkeit.Der Schichtenbau der Wirklichkeit führt gleichzeitig, in Weiterentwicklung älterer Ideen, zu einer « natürlichen » Systematik der Wissenschaften, die einer jeden ihr Gebièt, aber auch ihre Schranken zuweist.RésuméPour essayer d'ébauchcr un système naturel de la réalité on part de la notion d'une structure stratifiée et d'une conception catégoriale de la connaissance telle que la conçolt Nicolai Hartmann. A ce propos se manifeste une fois de plus l'importance primordiale de l'opposition des contraires dans ses diverses manifestations. On ne peut en particulier comprendre la réalité dans sa totalité que sous un double aspect. A l'aspect discursif‐lumineux d'une réalité à quatre couches, multidimensionnelle divisée dans l'espacetemps, s'oppose de façon complémentaire l'aspect intuitif‐numineux avec sa vue créatrice d'un tout qui échappe à l'espace‐temps. Seule la conjonction de ces deux aspects embrasse la réalité tout entière.La structure stratifiée de la réalité aboutit tout en élargissant d'anciennes idées, à une systématique des sciences qui assigne à chacune à la fois son domaine et ses limites. (shrink)

The article examines the algorithms for JPEG and JPEG-2000 compression of various graphic images. The main steps of the operation of both algorithms are given, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The main differences between JPEG and JPEG-2000 are analyzed. It is noted that the JPEG-2000 algorithm allows re-moving visually unpleasant effects. This makes it possible to highlight important areas of the image and improve the quality of their compression. The features of each step of the algorithms are considered and (...) the difficulties of their implementation are compared. The effectiveness of each algorithm is demonstrated by the example of a full-color image of the BSU emblem. The obtained compression ratios were obtained and shown in the corresponding tables using both algorithms. Compression ratios are obtained for a wide range of quality values from 1 to ten. We studied various types of images: black and white, business graphics, indexed and full color. A modified LZW-Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm is presented, which is applicable to compress a variety of information from text to images. The modification is based on limiting the graphic file to 256 colors. This made it possible to index the color with one byte instead of three. The efficiency of this modification grows with increasing image sizes. The modified LZW-algorithm can be adapted to any image from single-color to full-color. The prepared tests were indexed to the required number of colors in the images using the FastStone Image Viewer program. For each image, seven copies were obtained, containing 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256 colors, respectively. Testing results showed that the modified version of the LZW algorithm allows for an average of twice the compression ratio. However, in a class of full-color images, both algorithms showed the same results. The developed modification of the LZW algorithm can be successfully applied in the field of site design, especially in the case of so-called flat design. The comparative characteristics of the basic and modified methods are presented. (shrink)

Because of political, economic, technological, and other developments, foreigners who come as students or academics to practice philosophy in a country, geography, and culture other than their own are increasingly prevalent in academic philosophy today. Yet this reality is insufficiently discussed and is under‐thematized, so that it remains opaque even to foreigners themselves. This article seeks first to dissipate that opacity by developing an account of what it is like to be a foreigner in philosophy. I offer an understanding of (...) foreignness through a cluster of interrelated experiences, and I describe “existential dislocation” as the core experience that characterizes the foreigner. Next, the article follows some consequences of these descriptions and analyses. I address considerations of equality in the academy, and then I examine the significance of “existential dislocation” for the philosophical enterprise and propose that it occasions revitalizing possibilities for the discipline. (shrink)