Past research suggests that spiritual leadership plays a pivotal role in enhancing employee job performance, yet we have little understanding of how and when spiritual leadership enhances employee job performance. The present study explores how and when spiritual leadership promotes job performance by examining relational energy as a mediator and leader integrity and relational energy differentiation as boundary conditions. We tested the theoretical model with data gathered across three phases over 12 months from 497 employees and their supervisors in 108 (...) groups. Results showed that the positive relationship between spiritual leadership and job performance was mediated by relational energy. Moreover, we found that leader integrity amplified the mediated relationship between spiritual leadership and employee job performance via relational energy. In contrast, relational energy differentiation weakened this mediated relationship. (shrink)

Medical image segmentation is a key technology for image guidance. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of image segmentation play an important role in image-guided surgery. Traditional machine learning methods have achieved certain beneficial effects in medical image segmentation, but they have problems such as low classification accuracy and poor robustness. Deep learning theory has good generalizability and feature extraction ability, which provides a new idea for solving medical image segmentation problems. However, deep learning has problems in terms of its application (...) to medical image segmentation: one is that the deep learning network structure cannot be constructed according to medical image characteristics; the other is that the generalizability y of the deep learning model is weak. To address these issues, this paper first adapts a neural network to medical image features by adding cross-layer connections to a traditional convolutional neural network. In addition, an optimized convolutional neural network model is established. The optimized convolutional neural network model can segment medical images using the features of two scales simultaneously. At the same time, to solve the generalizability problem of the deep learning model, an adaptive distribution function is designed according to the position of the hidden layer, and then the activation probability of each layer of neurons is set. This enhances the generalizability of the dropout model, and an adaptive dropout model is proposed. This model better addresses the problem of the weak generalizability of deep learning models. Based on the above ideas, this paper proposes a medical image segmentation algorithm based on an optimized convolutional neural network with adaptive dropout depth calculation. An ultrasonic tomographic image and lumbar CT medical image were separately segmented by the method of this paper. The experimental results show that not only are the segmentation effects of the proposed method improved compared with those of the traditional machine learning and other deep learning methods but also the method has a high adaptive segmentation ability for various medical images. The research work in this paper provides a new perspective for research on medical image segmentation. (shrink)

Recent decades have brought global expansion of private supplementary tutoring, and China is among countries in which patterns have been especially dramatic. National survey data indicate that 29.8...

The concept of _feeling trusted_, which has received far less attention from researchers than _trusting_, refers to the trustee’s awareness of trustor’s exposed vulnerability and positive expectations. Previous research has merely centered on employees’ feeling of being trusted by their leaders and its influences on their work-related outcomes, but there is little work about the impact of leader feeling trusted by employees. Grounded in social exchange theory and moral licensing theory, the current research centers on explaining why leaders’ sense of (...) being trusted by employees brings about both positive and negative reactions and considering how leaders’ moral identity moderates these effects. One qualitative study and two quantitative studies were conducted to examine the benefits and drawbacks of leader feeling trusted. Results demonstrated that leader feeling trusted has two main consequences: trusted leaders are more likely to have strong feelings of obligation toward their subordinates, and further engage in benevolent leadership behavior to repay the kindness; and leaders’ sense of being trusted may be conducive to the accumulation of moral credits, thereby stimulating leaders to display laissez-faire leadership behavior. Additionally, our findings indicate that the leader’s moral identity would affect the decisions of the trusted leader to behave better or worse, which promotes benevolent leadership behavior through enhanced felt obligation, and lessens laissez-faire leadership behavior via reduced moral credits. (shrink)

With the deepening of exploration and development, a large number of low resistivity reservoirs have been found in XP area. It is found that the genesis of these low resistivity reservoirs is that the reservoirs contain a lot of very fine sand, which leads to the high content of bound water in the reservoirs and reduces the resistivity. Compared with normal oil reservoirs, these reservoirs show low resistivity and high natural gamma, which makes it difficult to identify reservoirs qualitatively and (...) calculate parameters quantitatively. Using conventional logging interpretation methods, the wrong shale content and porosity will be obtained, and such reservoirs may even be judged as mudstones. In order to solve this problem, we extract a characteristic parameter from T2 spectrum of nuclear magnetic resonance logging, which can effectively identify such reservoirs. In addition, we have innovatively proposed an optimized logging interpretation method for integrated NMR logging and conventional logging, which has effectively improved the parameter calculation accuracy of this type of reservoir and achieved a good application effect in XP area. (shrink)

This study was the first to integrate the quantitative analysis and simulation of spatiotemporal processes into research on the ethnicity of tourist destinations. Selecting the world heritage site of Jiuzhaigou in China as a case study, we employed remote sensing images and field observation to obtain the spatial distribution data of the site’s architectural ethnicity of 2005 and 2015. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the mechanism driving changes in architectural ethnicity. Then, we proposed a Logistic-CA-Markov coupling model to (...) analyse architectural ethnicity transformations and simulate the spatiotemporal patterns of the ethnicity of architecture at the site in 2025 and 2035. It was found that from 2005 to 2015, the overall architectural ethnicity at the heritage site trended downwards and displayed an uneven spatial distribution: weak ethnicity in the west and strong in the east. A tight relationship was found between the ethnicity of heritage architecture and the level of tourism development although the ethnicity of tourism architecture was weaker than that of nontourism architecture, and the ethnicity of tourism architecture was continuously strengthening. Factors affecting spatial changes in architectural ethnicity mainly included altitude, slope, distance from main transport lands and waters, and the original type of ethnicity. It is expected that, from 2015 to 2035, the overall architectural ethnicity in Jiuzhaigou will increase. (shrink)

With the deepening of exploration and development, many low-resistivity reservoirs have been found in the XP area. We have found that the genesis of these low-resistivity reservoirs is that they contain a lot of very fine sand, which leads to the high content of bound water in the reservoirs and reduces resistivity. Compared with normal oil reservoirs, these reservoirs show low resistivity and high natural gamma, which makes it difficult to identify reservoirs qualitatively and calculate parameters quantitatively. Using conventional logging (...) interpretation methods, the wrong shale content and porosity will be obtained, and such reservoirs may even be judged as mudstones. To solve this problem, we extract a characteristic parameter from the T2 spectrum of nuclear magnetic resonance logging, which can effectively identify such reservoirs. In addition, we have innovatively adopted an optimized logging interpretation method for integrated NMR logging and conventional logging, which has effectively improved the parameter calculation accuracy of this type of reservoir and achieved a good application effect in the XP area. (shrink)

The oscillations on output power and distortion of the inverter currents will occur in the case of unbalanced grid voltage faults. Constant output power and good current quality cannot be achieved simultaneously. Aiming at these problems, a coordinate control strategy for suppressing power fluctuations and current harmonics is proposed by analyzing instantaneous power control and current balance control. The proposed control is achieved by adjusting the weight coefficient of current reference values to change the current harmonic contents based on proportional (...) complex integral controller and proportional multiple complex integral controller. The control strategy with a simple control structure neither needs to detect harmonic components of the inverter currents, nor needs to separate the positive and negative components of voltage and current, which is easy to be realized. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control are verified by the comparison and analysis of simulation. (shrink)

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to introduce an orthogonal experimental design to improve the efficiency of building and optimizing models for freezing of gait prediction.MethodsA random forest model was developed to predict FOG by using acceleration signals and angular velocity signals to recognize possible precursor signs of FOG. An OED was introduced to optimize the feature extraction parameters.ResultsThe main effects and interaction among the feature extraction hyperparameters were analyzed. The false-positive rate, hit rate, and mean prediction time were 27%, (...) 68%, and 2.99 s, respectively.ConclusionThe OED was an effective method for analyzing the main effects and interactions among the feature extraction parameters. It was also beneficial for optimizing the feature extraction parameters of the FOG prediction model. (shrink)

ObjectiveSchizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. Objective measures of cognitive function may provide reliable neurobiomarkers for patients with schizophrenia. The goal of the current work is to explore the correlation between resting theta power and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsTwenty-two patients with schizophrenia and 23 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery was used for cognitive evaluation and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for (...) evaluation of clinical symptoms. EEGs were acquired in the resting state with closed and opened eyes. Between the two groups, we compared the relative theta power and examined their relationship with cognitive performance.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher theta power, both with eyes closed and open. When the eyes were open, negative correlations were found in patients with schizophrenia between theta power in the central and parietal regions with processing speed scores, and between the theta power of the Pz electrode and verbal learning and reasoning and problem-solving scores. In the control group, theta power over the Fz electrode was negatively correlated with processing speed.ConclusionsOur findings showed that theta activity increased in certain brain regions during resting state in schizophrenia. Negative associations between resting theta power over the parietal-occipital regions with MCCB domains scores suggest that altered theta activity can be used as a neurobiological indicator to predict cognitive performance. (shrink)

Teachers’ teaching psychological behavior and classroom development are the current research hotspots in the field of educational psychology. How to realize the data analysis of teachers’ teaching psychological behavior and classroom development is a problem that researchers urgently need to solve. Based on the theory of data correlation analysis, this paper uses modern Internet technology and big data analysis teacher teaching system to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the potential of students, and build a corresponding model. Through rule correlation technology, the (...) article studies various internal correlations between teachers’ teaching psychological behavior, extracts valuable information from various daily data of students through big data analysis technology, and the WEB teacher’s teaching psychological behavior analysis system based on B/S structure solves the problem that the traditional model cannot measure. In the simulation process, the system is implemented by MVC three-tier architecture, the database uses MYSQL 5.0, the prediction questionnaire is formulated on the basis of the literature method and interviews, and the scale is compiled and tested after repeated revisions. Project analysis and factor analysis are performed on the data obtained from the table test to construct and screen indicators. The experimental results show that the teacher’s classroom teaching behavior index system adopted by the system is practical and feasible, including three first-level indicators, 10 s-level indicators, and 21 third-level indicators. The system has 87.1% completeness, which effectively improves teachers’ teaching psychology. (shrink)

Based on the quarterly data of mutual funds in China from the fourth quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2019, this paper constructs a series of complex bipartite networks based on the overlapped portfolios of mutual funds and then explores the influences of fund network position on mutual fund’s investment behavior and performance. This paper finds that a mutual fund with shorter information transmission path to other entities in the fund network or with stronger ties with those entities (...) in important information positions will achieve better investment performance. However, a stronger mediating role over the potential information flow of the fund network cannot help a mutual fund increase performance. The empirical results also indicate that a mutual fund holding stock portfolios with high valuation difficulties caused by the market or fundamental information uncertainty will achieve better investment performance, while holding hard-to-value portfolios caused by limited public information will reduce the performance of the fund. Furthermore, high closeness centrality or eigenvector centrality can help mutual funds deal with the disclose problems of public information, thus reducing the likelihood of a mutual fund holding hard-to-value portfolios caused by limited public information to achieve worse performance. Eigenvector centrality brings information advantages about company fundamentals, so it is easier for a mutual fund with high eigenvector centrality to profit from holding hard-to-value portfolios caused by the fundamental information uncertainty. The conclusions of this paper can enhance our understanding of the fund network and its information mechanism and shed new light on mutual fund’s information advantages and related asset allocation strategies. (shrink)

Differential tractography and correlation tractography are new tractography modalities to study neuronal changes in brain diseases, but their performances in detecting neuronal injuries are yet to be investigated in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Here we investigated the white matter injury in mTBI patients using differential and correlation tractography. The diffusion MRI was acquired at 33 mTBI patients and 31 health controls. 7 of the mTBI patients had one-year follow-up scans, and differential tractography was used to evaluate injured fiber (...) bundles on these 7 patients. All subjects were evaluated using digital symbol substitution test and trail making test A, and the correlation tractography was performed to explore the exact pathways related to the cognitive performance. Our results showed that differential tractography revealed neuronal changes in the corpus callosum in all 7 follow-up mTBI patients with FDR between 0.007 and 0.17. Further, the correlation tractography showed that the splenium of the corpus callosum, combined with the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and right cingulum, were correlated with DSST in the acute mTBI patients. The cognitive impairment findings in the acute stage and the longitudinal findings in the corpus callosum in the chronic stage of mTBI patients suggest that differential tractography and correlation tractography are valuable tools in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of neuronal injuries in mTBI patients. (shrink)

With the development of the global shale oil and gas revolution, shale oil became an important replacement field to increase oil and gas reserves and production. The Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin was an important shale oil exploration series in China. To study the micropore-throat structure characteristics of the Chang 7 Member, we launched nuclear magnetic resonance and high-pressure mercury injection experiments to analyze the pore-throat structure features of the Chang 7 reservoir, and we (...) considered fractal theory to study the fractal characteristics. The NMR results indicated that the T2 spectral morphology of the Chang 7 reservoir could be characterized by three main patterns encompassing early and late peaks with different amplitudes: the type 1 reservoir contained mostly small pores and few large pores, and the porosities of the small and large pores range from 4.16% to 9.04% and 0.70% to 2.40%, respectively. The type 2 reservoir contained similar amounts of small and large pores, and the type 3 reservoir contained few small pores and mostly large pores, while the porosities of the small and large pores range from 1.81% to 2.74% and 3.32% to 5.64%, respectively. The pore-throat structure parameters were obviously affected by the pore size distribution, which in turn influenced the reservoir seepage characteristics of the reservoir. The micropore-throat structure of the reservoir exhibited obvious piecewise fractal characteristics and mainly included dichotomous and trilateral fractals. The type 1 reservoirs were dominated by dichotomous fractals, and these two fractal types were equally distributed in the type 2 and 3 reservoirs. The fractal dimension of the pore throats of different scales exhibited a negative correlation with the corresponding porosity, but no correlation was observed with the permeability, indicating that the size of the reservoir determined by pore throats imposed a strong controlling effect on their fractal characteristics. (shrink)

Understanding students’ psychological pressure and bad emotional reaction can solve psychological problems as soon as possible and avoid affecting students’ normal study life. With the improvement of global scientific and technological strength, and the step-by-step in-depth research on deep learning and computational intelligence optimization. Now, we have enough conditions to build a psychological and emotional data set for the field of education, and build a mental health stress detection model with emotional analysis function. In addition, a variety of experimental methods (...) are used for comparison, which shows the superior performance of the model in practical application scenarios. The results show that: the data set constructed for the model is reasonable. Psychological stress test shows that the tested college students are in good health and have no positive performance. Schools need to pay special attention to obsessive–compulsive disorder and interpersonal sensitivity, and the average values of both indicators are higher than 0.9. For the optimization of ant colony algorithm computational intelligence, both the stability and the average execution time of the algorithm are obviously higher than those of other algorithms. This model has obvious performance advantages after using this algorithm. Using loss function value to measure the difference between simulated emotion analysis and real value. The difference of most emotion tests is less than 3%; the accuracy difference between sadness and fear is about 7%. Although the final results prove the feasibility of this method, there are still some shortcomings to be optimized. (shrink)

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between mathematic achievement and programming self-efficacy, and adopt a mediation model to verify the mediating role of creativity on the relationship between mathematic achievement and programming self-efficacy.Methods: A total of 950 upper-secondary school students were surveyed using their math test scores, the Kirton Adaption-Innovation and the Programmed Self-Efficacy Scale. SPSS-26 was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis of related variables. The PROCESS plugin was used to test the mediating effect of (...) creativity.Results: Mathematic achievement has a positive effect on programming self-efficacy, mathematic achievement is positively related to creativity, and creativity also has a positive influence on programming self-efficacy. Creativity has a mediating effect on the relationship between mathematic achievement and programming self-efficacy.Conclusion: The results revealed that mathematic achievement affected programming self-efficacy directly and also indirectly through creativity. This provided certain ideas for the development of programming education for teenagers. Since students’ mathematics learning and creativity are related to programming learning, it is necessary to pay attention to the integration of the disciplines of programming education and mathematics. Further, the cultivation of innovative thinking is also critical to facilitate programming learning. (shrink)

Epilepsy is a neurological disease, and the location of a lesion before neurosurgery or invasive intracranial electroencephalography surgery using intracranial electrodes is often very challenging. The high-frequency oscillation mode in MEG signal can now be used to detect lesions. Due to the time-consuming and error-prone operation of HFOs detection, an automatic HFOs detector with high accuracy is very necessary in modern medicine. Therefore, an optimized capsule neural network was used, and a MEG HFOs detector based on MEGNet was proposed to (...) facilitate the clinical detection of HFOs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a neural network has been used to detect HFOs in MEG. After optimized configuration, the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of the proposed detector reached 94%, 95%, 94%, and 94%, which were better than other classical machine learning models. In addition, we used the k-fold cross-validation scheme to test the performance consistency of the model. The distribution of various performance indicators shows that our model is robust. (shrink)

This study adopts an intrapersonal perspective to explore how and when employees shift roles from help giver to help seeker by investigating the relationship between their help-giving and following help-seeking behavior. Based on self-regulation theory, we hypothesize two contradictory psychological processes via which employees determine whether to seek help after giving help. Importantly, we differentiate autonomous help-seeking from dependent help-seeking and propose stronger effects of help-giving on dependent help-seeking. Further, we identify leader respect as a moderator to solve the opposite (...) effects of employees’ help-giving on their subsequent help-seeking indicated by the two contradictory mechanisms. Results of two field studies consistently showed that the negative relationship between help-giving and dependent help-seeking was serially mediated by personal reputation and reputation maintenance concerns. Results regarding autonomous help-seeking were inconsistent and help-giving only positively affected autonomous help-seeking via perceived increase of moral credits and help-seeking justification in Study 2. Leader respect weakened the positive but strengthened the negative relationship. We discuss theoretical implications for helping literature, self-regulation theory, and moral behavior research. (shrink)

The terminology tianxia has both historical evolution and cultural and philosophical connotations. This concept not only denotes a geographical and spatial meaning, but also implies the moral construct of metaphysics. A systematic study of its historical and cultural repercussions can show that the evolution of the meaning "tianxia" not only embodies the cosmological construction, moral belief and self-identity of the Chinese nation, but also manifests the historical processes of modern China evolving from "tianxia" to a modern nation-state. Meanwhile, the deconstruction (...) of the tianxia cosmology has shattered the old Chinese concept of a single united tianxia, or the whole world under one Heaven. Also, "Confucian China" has been increasingly losing its vitality and strong hold on the people, while the concept of nation-state has gained its way into people's consciousness, which has added more diversity and open-mindedness to the concept of tianxia. (shrink)

The integration of event-related potential and functional magnetic resonance imaging helps to obtain and study neural networks with high temporal and spatial resolution. EEG/fMRI data proves that in the visual tristimulus oddball paradigm, two P300 potentials induced by target stimulation and novel stimulation are detected at the frontal-middle, center, and mid-apical electrodes. Previous studies have shown that P3a and P3b have different spatial distributions of brain activation, but it is unclear whether they have the same neural mechanism. The purpose of (...) this study is to determine the neuropsychological mechanisms of P3a and P3b, as well as the spatiotemporal differences in neurodynamics between the two ERP subcomponents. In a group of 25 subjects, P300 ERP induced by target stimulation and novel stimulation can be detected at the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrodes. At Cz and Fz, compared with P3b related to the target stimulus, the P3a related to the novel stimulus has a higher amplitude and the waveform declines more slowly. But at Pz, P3b has a higher amplitude than P3a. P3a appeared earlier than P3b at Cz and Fz, but the opposite phenomenon was observed at the Pz electrode. The activated brain regions of P3a included the left frontal-parietal lobe region, left anterior wedge lobe region, and right insula, while the target-driven P3b was significantly associated with BOLD changes in the bilateral fusiform gyrus, the left frontal region, and the bilateral insula. The results showed that the integration of the spatial and temporal information of the two imaging modes, namely, ERP and fMRI, proves the existence of the different brain function processes of the two P300 subcomponents. Through the analysis of the composition of P300, the results further proved that the top-down and bottom-up processing processes have played a role in the occurrence of attention capture. It is just that the modulation effects of the two processing mechanisms are different in different tasks. Therefore, it should be noted that the captured neural mechanism is not a single top-down or bottom-up processing process but should be the result of the interaction between the two. (shrink)

In this study, we examine the association between the ownership structure of Chinese listed firms and their audit choices among the Big 4, Second-tier, and Other firms between 2007 and 2012. The market share of the Big 4 firms in China was relatively low, while that of the Second-tier firms increasing during the sample period. Although there is little evidence to indicate that the audit quality of the Second-tier firms is not comparable to that of the Big 4 firms in (...) China, we find that large shareholders and boards of directors do not perceive the financial reporting credibility associated with the Second-tier firms to be the same as that of the Big 4 firms. We further find that the largest shareholders of Chinese listed firms prefer low-quality auditors when they have a low level of ownership but prefer high-quality auditors when they have a high level of ownership. The empirical evidence presented in this study should be of interest to regulators and academics. (shrink)

Telehealth, as an indispensable means of technical support in the Healthy China Strategy, currently has less than 20 percent adoption rate in China despite a great deal of government policies and investments. In the current study, to analyse the influencing factors behind doctors’ and patients’ adoption of telehealth, an asymmetric dynamic evolutionary game model of doctor-patient behaviour selection was established. Based on the model solution, the evolutionarily stable strategies that emerge in different situations were analysed. The results show that it (...) is difficult for the adoption of telehealth in China to keep pace with coverage due to the “dual low” nature of telehealth: both doctors’ utility from telehealth and patients’ telehealth cost threshold are too low to incentivize adoption. The strategy to promote the adoption of telehealth in China should include providing adequate training for doctors and patients on the use of telehealth technology, rewarding doctors who provide telehealth services and raising the threshold cost of patient’s telehealth adoption. (shrink)

This paper claims that palliative care is a suitable approach for offering comprehensive support to patients with life-threatening illness and unavoidable asthenia, to enhance their quality of life in aging and chronic illness. There are however some conceptual barriers to accessing that care on the Chinese Mainland: Death-denying culture and society; Misguidance and malpractice derived from the biomedical model; Prejudice against PC and certain deviant understandings of filial piety culture. To counter these obstacles, the study introduces the philosophy of Chinese (...) Taoist Chuang-tze to enlighten the public from ignorance and remove some illusions about death and dying; inspire people to face and accept illness and death calmly, and keep harmony and inner peace of mind to alleviate suffering, with the aim of providing wisdom and a shift of attitude toward life and death. Chuang-tze’s thoughts are consistent with the provision of palliative care, and to a certain degree, can promote its acceptability and delivery, and the conception of good death in practice. (shrink)

This paper concerns a discrete wild and sterile mosquito model with a proportional release rate of sterile mosquitoes. It is shown that the discrete model undergoes codimension-2 bifurcations with 1 : 2, 1 : 3, and 1 : 4 strong resonances by applying the bifurcation theory. Some numerical simulations, including codimension-2 bifurcation diagrams, maximum Lyapunov exponents diagrams, and phase portraits, are also presented to illustrate the validity of theoretical results and display the complex dynamical behaviors. Moreover, two control strategies are (...) applied to the model. (shrink)

In this paper, we propose a time-delayed predator-prey model with Holling-type II functional response, which incorporates the gestation period and the cost of fear into prey reproduction. The dynamical behavior of this system is both analytically and numerically investigated from the viewpoint of stability, permanence, and bifurcation. We found that there are stability switches, and Hopf bifurcations occur when the delay τ passes through a sequence of critical values. The explicit formulae which determine the direction, stability, and other properties of (...) the bifurcating periodic solutions are given by using the normal form theory and center manifold theorem. We perform extensive numerical simulations to explore the impact of some important parameters on the dynamics of the system. Numerical simulations show that high levels of fear have a stabilizing effect while relatively low levels of fear have a destabilizing effect on the predator-prey interactions which lead to limit-cycle oscillations. We also found that the model with or without a delay-dependent factor can have a significantly different dynamics. Thus, ignoring the delay or not including the delay-dependent factor might result in inaccurate modelling predictions. (shrink)