Drawing on institutional and signaling theories, this study examines how environmental corporate social responsibility affects firm performance in a dysfunctional institutional environment. We extend the ECSR literature by suggesting that ECSR indirectly influences firm performance through the mediating effects of business and political legitimacy. Based on a dataset of 238 firms in China, we find that ECSR affects business and political legitimacy followed by firm performance. Moreover, legal incompleteness weakens and legal inefficiency strengthens the effects of ECSR on business and (...) political legitimacy. (shrink)

ObjectiveTo elucidate the clinical, radiologic characteristics of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) associated with the other diseases.Materials and methodsClinical data were retrospectively collected from hospitalized patients with LHON associated with the other diseases at the Neuro-Ophthalmology Department at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH) from December 2014 to October 2018.ResultsA total of 13 patients, 24 eyes (10 men and 3 women; mean age, 30.69 ± 12.76 years) with LHON mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, were included in the cohort. 14502(5)11778(4)11778 (...) &11696(1)12811(1)11696(1)3460(1). One patient was positive for aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab), and two were positive for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab). Three patients were associated with idiopathic optic neuritis (ON). Two patients were with compression optic neuropathy. Three patients were with the central nervous system (CNS) diseases. One patient was with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and one with idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome (IOIS). At the onset, visual acuity (VA) in eighteen eyes was below 0.1, one eye was 0.5, five eyes were above 0.5, while VA in sixteen eyes was below a 0.1 outcome, three eyes experienced moderate vision loss. MRI images showed T2 lesions and enhancement in nine patients who received corticosteroids treatment; additional immune modulators treatment was performed on two patients. None of the patients had relapse during the follow-up time.ConclusionLeber’s hereditary optic neuropathy can be accompanied with multiple-related diseases, especially different subtypes of ON, which were also exhibited with IOIS and compression optic neuropathy for the first time in this cohort. This condition may be a distinct entity with an unusual clinical and therapeutic profile. (shrink)

In families, mothers and fathers may hold the same or different levels of theories of intelligence. This congruence and discrepancy may influence parental involvement in children’s education. The current study examined how both parents’ theories of intelligence and the direction and degree of the discrepancy of parents’ intelligence theories influence maternal and paternal involvement separately. We measured 1,694 matched pairs of parents’ theories of intelligence and educational involvement, and examined the relationships using linear regressions and polynomial regressions with response surface (...) analysis. The results showed that 1) the mother’s intelligence theory positively related to both paternal involvement and maternal involvement, but the father’s intelligence theory only positively related to paternal involvement; 2) when the parents’ theories of intelligence reached congruence, the parents’ theories of intelligence are positively related to both maternal and paternal involvement; 3) when the parents’ theories of intelligence have discrepancy, the maternal involvement is higher while the mother’s intelligence theory’s level is more incremental than father’s; and 4) when the parents’ theories of intelligence have discrepancy, more discrepancy of parents’ theories of intelligence is related to more paternal involvement. This study revealed the significance of mother’s role in education, highlighted the importance of parents’ congruence and discrepancies in beliefs, examined how parents’ beliefs impact their own behavior and their couple’s behavior. (shrink)

[1]. Xian Qin liang Han juan -- [2]. Wei Jin Nan Bei chao juan -- [3-4]. Sui Tang Wu dai juan -- [5-6]. Song Liao Jin Yuan juan -- [7-8]. Ming Qing juan -- [9]. Jin dai juan.

Di 1 juan. Da kai yu zhou de ling yi shan men -- Di 2 juan. Guang yi yu xia yi sheng ming shuo -- Di 3 juan. Wo cong na li lai, you dao na li qu -- Di 4 juan. Jin ru yin xing wu zi shi jie.

Unprecedented times compel new ways to explore relationships. Using interviews with dating app users quarantined in American cities at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, I show the impacts of digital mediation on the highly scripted interactional patterns in dating. Drawing from the literature on creative action, temporality, digital affordance, and the materiality of cultural objects, I examine how actors access the creative opportunities in digitally mediated interaction. I find that dating partners creatively mobilized the affordances of digital technologies to (...) approximate a dating script in organizing online interactions, which simultaneously allowed them to formulate relational narratives with varying deviation from the scripted temporal structure. I identify three aspects of digital affordances offering creative opportunities: the dissolution of spatial-temporal boundaries, the production and circulation of digital objects, and the connection between contexts. Taking advantage of an extraordinary moment of cultural and interactional rupture that necessitated digital solutions to connect, this article demonstrates how digital technologies unsettle culturally institutionalized interactional patterns and the formation of meaningful relationships. (shrink)

Many philosophers hold that if an agent acts intentionally, she must know what she is doing. Although the scholarly consensus for many years was to reject the thesis in light of presumed counterexamples by Donald Davidson, several scholars have recently argued that attention to aspectual distinctions and the practical nature of this knowledge shows that these counterexamples fail. In this paper I defend a new objection against the thesis, one modelled after Timothy Williamson’s anti-luminosity argument. Since this argument relies on (...) general principles about the nature of knowledge rather than on intuitions about fringe cases, the recent responses that have been given to defuse the force of Davidson’s objection are silent against it. Moreover, the argument suggests that even weaker theses connecting practical entities with knowledge are also false. Recent defenders of the thesis that there is a necessary connection between knowledge and intentional action are motivated by the insight that this connection is non-accidental. I close with a positive proposal to account for the non-accidentality of this link without appeal to necessary connections by drawing an extended analogy between practical and perceptual knowledge. (shrink)

Ben shu gong 7 zhang, Shou lu song dai yi hou zhou dun yi yan jiu de xiang guan lun zhu, Lun wen 500 duo pian, Nei rong bao kuo:zhou dun yi de sheng ping gai kuang, Zhou dun yi zhu zuo kao bian, Zhou dun yi yan jiu gai shu, Zhou dun yi yan jiu gu dai wen xian shu yao, Zhou dun yi yan jiu zhuan zhu shu yao, Shi xue zhu zuo (...) zhong zhou dun yi yan jiu pian zhang shu yao, Zhou dun yi yan jiu lun wen shu yao deng. (shrink)

本书收集了著名哲学家、伦理学家周辅成先生的重要文章，分两卷编辑，包括了《歌德对于哲学的见解》、《论莎士比亚的人格》、《亚里士多德的伦理学》、《论当前农村社会的道德风气》等文章。.

Evidentialism and Reliabilism are two of the main contemporary theories of epistemic justification. Some authors have thought that the theories are not incompatible with each other, and that a hybrid theory which incorporates elements of both should be taken into account. More recently, other authors have argued that the resulting theory is well- placed to deal with fine-grained doxastic attitudes (credences). In this paper I review the reasons for adopting this kind of hybrid theory, paying attention to the case of (...) credences and the notion of probability involved in their treatment. I argue that the notion of probability in question can only be an epistemic (or evidential) kind of probability. I conclude that the resulting theory will be incompatible with Reliabilism in one important respect: it cannot deliver on the reductivist promise of Reliabilism. I also argue that attention to the justification of basic beliefs reveals limitations in the Evidentialist framework as well. The theory that results from the right combination of Evidentialism and Reliabilism, therefore, is neither Evidentialist nor Reliabilist. (shrink)

La Chine contemporaine 'pense-t-elle'? Et si oui, comment pense-t-elle? Et d'ailleurs, quel sens donner au terme 'penser'? Le noeud du problème réside dans la langue: si la Chine contemporaine veut avoir une pensée authentique, elle doit commencer par étudier sa propre langue? et c'est précisément la difficulté à laquelle se heurte la construction d'un corps intellectuel en chinois. Afin d'éclairer le raisonnement chinois moderne, et de démontrer les implications méthodologiques de la pratique philosophique en chinois, l'auteure a choisi de centrer (...) son étude sur le philosophe chinois contemporain (né en 1952) Chen Jiaying. À la croisée de la linguistique et de la philosophie du langage, elle s'attache à l'approche linguistique de ce philosophe, en particulier à sa manière de développer son raisonnement en clarifiant systématiquement l'usage des mots chinois, et à son style argumentatif et dialogique fondé sur des caractéristiques linguistiques propres à la langue chinoise, mais aussi à travers l'identification et la classification d'une série de concepts chinois 'naturels'. Cet ouvrage démontre ainsi comment la pensée en langue chinoise peut se révéler innovante et dynamique en répondant à des questions universelles cruciales? 'Qu'est-ce que la philosophie aujourd'hui, dans un monde dominé par les méthodes scientifiques empiriques?' 'Qu'est-ce qu'une bonne vie?', 'Comment bien vivre dans notre monde actuel aux valeurs plurielles, fragmentées, voire contradictoires?'...Par-delà l'analyse de ce qu'est 'penser en chinois', Xiyin Zhou ménage une large place à l'analyse conceptuelle interlinguistique, faisant des allers-retours entre les langues chinoise et occidentales. Elle plaide ainsi pour surmonter l'étroitesse de la pratique philosophique dans une seule langue, et pour une approche philosophique 'écolinguistique' fondée sur l'utilisation naturelle du langage."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

本书除导论外分为上中下三篇.上篇是法规范论,主要内容有法律的概念,法律的功能和作用,法律关系,法律责任,法律规范,法律渊源和法律分类,法律效力等,是关于静态的法;中篇为法运行论,主要内容有法律程序,立 法,守法,执法,司法,法律方法,法治和法律价值等,是关于动态的法;下篇为法社会论,主要内容有法律与人性,法律与经济,法律与科学,法律与宗教,法律与道德,法律与国家等,是关于法律与其他社会现象的关系.

《滄桑回顧錄》是作者從山溝裡的家鄉為了保家，隨時勢演變而浪跡大江南北，流落海角一隅，終至落葉而無根可歸的人生旅程；也是自十九世紀以來上億臉龐模糊但血淚分明的中國小民從身不由己的經歷與視野所述說的近代史 。對照中國近代官史，《滄桑回顧錄》是人民的歷史。.

The rise of global civil society as a new discourse in the last century, in the new century has been of concern. Western academic circles around the concept of global civil society, global civil society and the emergence and development of global civil society influence on the political realities and trends and other issues had extensive discussions and the formation of a different theoretical framework and research camp. While the Western world made ​​a series of civil society, research results, but (...) still insufficient to demonstrate the normative study, mainly confined to the liberal democratic framework of the inadequacies of the middle. China scholars have been from international relations, political science and political philosophy point of view about global civil society, but in general, the power of research in this area is still relatively weak, insufficient results, further research needs to be made. As a word rising from the late of last century, Global Civil Society is very attractable in the early new century. Western academy has initiated abroad discussion on the concept of GCS, the process of its formation and development, its impact on political realities and its future. In the discussion, theory analysis frames and theory camps have already come into being. Though a great achievements have been gotten, there are still some deficiencies lie in the Western studies, such as lacking of normative studies and main studies are limited in the frames of liberal democracy. In China some scholars have studied about GCS from the views of international relationship, political science and political philosophy. But as a whole, research force in the realm is still weak and the fruits are insufficient, deep discussion is needed. (shrink)

I argue for a theory that combines elements of reliabilism and evidentialism.

The two event-related potentials studies investigated how verbs and nouns were processed in different music priming conditions in order to reveal whether the motion concept via embodiment can be stimulated and evoked across categories. Study 1 tested the processing of verbs primed by two music types, with tempo changes and without tempo changes while Study 2 tested the processing of nouns in the same priming condition as adopted in Study 1. During the experiments, participants were required to hear a piece (...) of music prior to judging whether an ensuing word is semantically congruent with the motion concept conveyed by the music. The results show that in the priming condition of music with tempo changes, state verbs and inanimate nouns elicited larger N400 amplitudes than action verbs and animate nouns, respectively in the anterior regions and anterior to central regions, whereas in the priming condition of music without tempo changes, action verbs elicited larger N400 amplitudes than state verbs and the two categories of nouns revealed no N400 difference, unexpectedly. The interactions between music and words were significant only in Tasks 1, 2, and 3. Taken together, the results demonstrate that firstly, music with tempo changes and music without tempo prime verbs and nouns in different fashions; secondly, action verbs and animate nouns are easier to process than state verbs and inanimate nouns when primed by music with tempo changes due to the shared motion concept across categories; thirdly, bodily experience differentiates between music and words in coding fashion but the motion concept conveyed by the two categories can be subtly extracted on the metaphorical basis, as indicated in the N400 component. Our studies reveal that music tempos can prime different word classes, favoring the notion that embodied motion concept exists across domains and adding evidence to the hypothesis that music and language share the neural mechanism of meaning processing. (shrink)

Ben shu fen wu ge zhuan ji,Xuan lu le wang wei guang,Zhang quan jing,Tian xin ming,Liang zhu,Li shen ming,Liu run wei,Zhou xin cheng deng fa biao zai deng qi kan shang de pi pan li shi xu wu zhu yi de wen zhang,Zhi zai yin dao guang da dang yuan gan bu shen ke ren shi li shi xu wu zhu yi de wei hai,Shi zhong jian chi wei wu shi guan,Jian jue fan dui li shi xu wu zhu (...) yi. (shrink)

本书第一编主要讨论刑法客观主义理论中所蕴含的抽象性、行为事实的客观性问题及其与法治立场的契合性。第二编主要研究刑法客观主义的反对派即刑法主观主义理论对法治立场的动摇。.