Feminist critiques of the social sciences are based on the assumption that because the social sciences were developed for the most part by white, middle-class, Western men, the perspectives of women were ignored. This book offers an approach for integrating gender-related content into the social work curriculum. The distinguished contributors discuss the shortcoming of dominant knowledge, address the pressing need for a gender-integrated curriculum, consider the pedagogies consistent with the implementation of an integrate curriculum, address specific areas in social work (...) education, assessing content, and assumptions, and discuss strategic issues for the implementation of curricular knowledge. (shrink)

This paper offers a non-traditional account of what was really at stake in debates over the legitimacy of teleology and teleological explanations in the later medieval and early modern periods. It is divided into four main sections. The first section highlights two defining features of ancient and early medieval views on teleology, namely, that teleological explanations are on a par (or better) with efficient causal explanations, and that the objective goodness of outcomes may explain their coming about. The second section (...) argues that it was the first thesis – the thesis of explanatory parity –that came under attack by mainstream philosophers in the later medieval and early modern traditions, rather than teleology per se. The third section argues similarly that it was the second thesis – the thesis of explanatory goodness – that was the object of Spinoza’s critique of final causes, rather than teleology itself. Finally, the fourth section argues that Leibniz’s claim to be a champion of traditional teleology rests on his willingness to defend both the theses of explanatory parity and goodness against the very charges that led to their demise. The essay concludes by contrasting the narrative offered here with Don Garrett’s recent account according to which “it is not Leibniz but Spinoza who holds the position on teleology and teleological explanation nearest to that of Aristotle” (312). (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Queer Theory Meets Liberalism: Futurity, Autonomy and Flourishing Liberal Autonomy and ‘Futurity’ Equal Consideration: What is the Difference between Spelunking and Queerness? Queer Children and the Family Liberalism, the Common School Ideal and Queer Futures Conclusion: Queer Theory and Liberalism—Is a Civil Union Possible? Notes References.

The paper gives a spirited defence of freedom of speech as the best means for attaining truth in a society and argues that the remedy for bad or false speech is not to curtail free speech but more free speech.

Richard M. Gale Richard Gale was an American philosopher known for defending the A-theory of time against the B-theory. The A-theory implies, for example, that tensed predicates are not reducible to tenseless predicates. Gale also argued against the claim that negative truths are reducible to positive ones. He created a new modal version of … Continue reading Gale, Richard M. →.

This book offers a historical introduction to fundamental questions in the philosophy of religion. It is divided into twenty-five chapters. The first chapter discusses the nature of piety drawing on Plato's Euthyphro. The next three chapters discuss the nature of evil, free will, foreknowledge, and sin in the context of Augustine's On Free Choice of Will. Chapter Five discusses Anslem's "ontological" argument for the existence of God. Chapter Six explores Ibn Sina's account of the nature of the soul and immortality. (...) The next two chapters explore the foundations of religious belief and mysticism in the company of al-Ghazali's The Rescuer from Error. Chapters nine through eleven discuss Aquinas's arguments for the existence of God as well as his account of God's impersonal and personal attributes. The twelfth chapter explores Marguerite Porete's account of mystical ascent as well as the doctrines of heaven and hell. Chapter Thirteen discusses Pascal's pragmatic argument for belief in the existence of God. Chapters Fourteen through Sixteen discuss Spinoza's understanding of God, our relationship to God, and the foundations of morality. Chapters Seventeen through Nineteen explore the argument from design, the existence of God, deism, and the problem of evil. Chapter Twenty investigates Mary Shepherd's defense of belief in miracles, while Chapter Twenty-One explores Mill's views on the utility of religion. Finally, chapters Twenty-Three through Twenty-Five explore the origins of modern morality and the relationship between religion and nihilism in the company of Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar la relevancia que tiene el discurso mítico en la novela Changó, el gran putas (1983) del escritor colombiano Manuel Zapata Olivella. Se busca dar cuenta que este discurso está presente en la obra en tres niveles que, a pesar de ser distintos, se complementan y entrelazan constantemente. El primero de ellos es el discurso mítico como filosofía. Para la comprensión de este nivel se dará cuenta de la cosmovisión Muntú y religión yoruba que (...) se presenta en la narración. El segundo nivel es el mito como relato, donde se profundiza en la historia de la maldición de Changó que se desarrolla en la novela. En el tercer nivel, es el mito como motor de acción, y en él se analiza la relevancia que tienen ciertos personajes dentro de la trama en relación con el devenir material y político de los pueblos afrodescendientes. Todo ello para comprobar que el discurso mítico no cumple una función meramente narrativa ni contemplativa de un origen o de un pasado lejano, sino que constituye una herramienta de reivindicación cultural y política para los pueblos afrodescendientes en América. (shrink)

This is the first volume compiling English translations of Leibniz's journal articles on natural philosophy, presenting a selection of 26 articles, only three of which have appeared before in English translation. It also includes in full Leibniz's public controversies with De Catelan, Papin, and Hartsoeker. The articles include work in optics, on the fracture strength of materials, and on motion in a resisting medium, and Leibniz's pioneering applications of his calculus to these issues by construing them as mini-max and inverse (...) tangent problems. Other topics covered by the articles include: criticisms of the Cartesian estimate of motive force and Leibniz's proposal of a different way of estimating force to replace it; a proposed theory of celestial motions and gravitation, and derivation of the inverse square law; challenge problems concerning the isochronous curve and the catenary; a sample of work on gaming theory; and Leibniz's critique of atomism. (shrink)

Śrīgupta, a Buddhist philosopher in the Middle Way tradition, was born in Bengal in present-day India in the seventh century. He is best known for his Introduction to Reality with its accompanying auto-commentary,1 in which he presents the first Middle Way iteration of the influential "neither-one-nor-many argument."2 This antifoundationalist line of reasoning sets out to prove that nothing enjoys ontologically independent being.Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was born some one thousand years later, in the city of Leipzig, situated on the outskirts of (...) European learning and thought. He is best known today for having co-invented the infinitesimal calculus, for his... (shrink)

“Es fundamental comprender que la verdadera autonomía se pelea a lo largo de la sociedad (incluyendo el Estado). Aclaro de nuevo aquí para que no haya malentendidos: creo que la construcción de la autonomía, lo que algunos llaman “contrapoder”, tiene que ser el horizonte fundamental de nuestra táctica política. Pero, para cambiar el mundo hay que encontrar la forma de desapoderar el Estado y reemplazarlo por otra forma de relación social. Las asambleas de barrio, las fábricas autogestionadas..

Since 2001, filmmakers have reflected in their works the consequences of terrorism on those women who, directly or indirectly, have been victims of political violence. This article analyzes the cinematographic treatment given to these victims in four countries - Ireland, Germany, Italy and Spain - after the terrorist groups laid down their arms. The objective is to know the differences and similarities of the stereotypes proposed in the films. Those women who were silenced during the hardest years of the armed (...) struggle will now be defined with characteristics that serve as a universal model to understand the role of women in society after conflicts. (shrink)

Esta investigación se presenta como un aporte a los estudios culturales de Rapa Nui a partir de un análisis de caso: la serie de fotografías de 1914 que documentan un evento multitudinario en Rapa Nui y donde varias personas aparecen disfrazadas con máscaras de lona. Complementando diversas fuentes y métodos –como fotografías, dibujos, análisis visual, bibliografía y entrevistas–, este artículo busca esclarecer el contexto y los sentidos posibles de lo que hemos denominado como una escena-puzzle, esto es, una escena de (...) la cual se intenta reconstruir una imagen general buscando fragmentos en diferentes fuentes de información. En este trabajo de desenmascaramiento representamos este evento como una fiesta de carácter nacional que incluyó elementos del repertorio cultural contemporáneo de las personas rapanui. (shrink)

El vínculo entre músicos/as de rock y agencias estatales ha sido en nuestro país históricamente dinámico, intermitente, cambiante. Un clima de época iniciado en los años 2000, tanto en Argentina como en Latinoamérica, caracterizado por demandas de políticas culturales democrático-participativas, se tradujo en una modificación en el vínculo entre hacedores culturales y agentes estatales. Buscando contribuir al debate en torno al diseño e implementación de estas políticas, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las lógicas, las legitimidades y las disputas existentes (...) en el vínculo entre músicos/as de rock de la ciudad de La Plata y agencias estatales locales. Para ello, partiremos de un conjunto de políticas culturales que tuvo lugar durante 2016 y 2017 que permitió ver procesos de articulación entre ambos actores, así como instancias de tensión, consenso y reposicionamiento. La investigación se desarrolló en base a una estrategia metodológica de tipo cualitativa, aplicando distintas técnicas de recolección y producción de datos, como entrevistas en profundidad, observación participante, cartografía, sombreo (Jirón, 2012) y relevamiento y análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias. (shrink)

El objetivo de ésta investigación es explorar y describir los elementos psicológicos derivados de la enseñanza y la práctica espiritual y religiosa de los entrevistados y objetivados en conductas y actitudes en la vida diaria.

Book review on J. G. Feinberg – I. Landa – J. Mervart (vyd.) Karel Kosík and the Dialectics of the Concrete. Leiden – Boston (Brill) 2022, 378 str.

In this paper we study the Kolmogorov complexity for non-effective computations, that is, either halting or non-halting computations on Turing machines. This complexity function is defined as the length of the shortest input that produce a desired output via a possibly non-halting computation. Clearly this function gives a lower bound of the classical Kolmogorov complexity. In particular, if the machine is allowed to overwrite its output, this complexity coincides with the classical Kolmogorov complexity for halting computations relative to the first (...) jump of the halting problem. However, on machines that cannot erase their output –called monotone machines–, we prove that our complexity for non effective computations and the classical Kolmogorov complexity separate as much as we want. We also consider the prefix-free complexity for possibly infinite computations. We study several properties of the graph of these complexity functions and specially their oscillations with respect to the complexities for effective computations. (shrink)

We study and compare two combinatorial lowness notions: strong jump-traceability and well-approximability of the jump, by strengthening the notion of jump-traceability and super-lowness for sets of natural numbers. A computable non-decreasing unbounded function h is called an order function. Informally, a set A is strongly jump-traceable if for each order function h, for each input e one may effectively enumerate a set Te of possible values for the jump JA, and the number of values enumerated is at most h. A′ (...) is well-approximable if can be effectively approximated with less than h changes at input x, for each order function h. We prove that there is a strongly jump-traceable set which is not computable, and that if A′ is well-approximable then A is strongly jump-traceable. For r.e. sets, the converse holds as well. We characterize jump-traceability and strong jump-traceability in terms of Kolmogorov complexity. We also investigate other properties of these lowness properties. (shrink)

The influence of imagery on perception depends on the content of the mental image. Sixty-three students responded to the location of the 2 hands of a clock while visualizing the correct or an incorrect clock. Reaction time was shorter with valid cueing. Could this have resulted from visual acquisition strategies such as planning visual saccades or shifting covert attention? No. in this study, a crucial control condition made participants look at rather than visualize the cue. Acquisition strategies should have affected (...) equally both types of cueing, but we observed that the effect of the visual cue was smaller and limited to a particular subcase in which one expects visual acquisition strategies. Thus, what matters is the similarity of the content of the mental image with the visual scene. In addition, an interaction involving the hand used for responding supports the notion that composite imagery is lateralized. (shrink)

We consider the question of randomness of the probability ΩU[X] that an optimal Turing machine U halts and outputs a string in a fixed set X. The main results are as follows: ΩU[X] is random whenever X is $\Sigma _{n}^{0}$-complete or $\Pi _{n}^{0}$-complete for some n ≥ 2. However, for n ≥ 2, ΩU[X] is not n-random when X is $\Sigma _{n}^{0}$ or $\Pi _{n}^{0}$ Nevertheless, there exists $\Delta _{n+1}^{0}$ sets such that ΩU[X] is n-random. There are $\Delta _{2}^{0}$ sets (...) X such that ΩU[X] is rational. Also, for every n ≥ 1, there exists a set X which is $\Delta _{n+1}^{0}$ and $\Sigma _{n}^{0}$-hard such that ΩU[X] is not random. We also look at the range of ΩU as an operator. We prove that the set {ΩU[X]: X ⊆ 2<ω} is a finite union of closed intervals. It follows that for any optimal machine U and any sufficiently small real r, there is a set X ⊆ 2<ω recursive in ∅′ ⊕ r, such that ΩU[X] = r. The same questions are also considered in the context of infinite computations, and lead to similar results. (shrink)

We define a program size complexity function $H^\infty$ as a variant of the prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity, based on Turing monotone machines performing possibly unending computations. We consider definitions of randomness and triviality for sequences in ${\{0,1\}}^\omega$ relative to the $H^\infty$ complexity. We prove that the classes of Martin-Löf random sequences and $H^\infty$-random sequences coincide and that the $H^\infty$-trivial sequences are exactly the recursive ones. We also study some properties of $H^\infty$ and compare it with other complexity functions. In particular, $H^\infty$ (...) is different from $H^A$, the prefix-free complexity of monotone machines with oracle A. (shrink)

Este libro desarrolla un exhaustivo análisis y diagnóstico de la situación actual de las políticas bibliotecarias en Chile, su definición, aplicación y contexto en el ámbito escolar, universitario y público; buscando determinar cuáles y cómo son las políticas bibliotecarias existentes en Chile, reconociendo que se trata de una realidad escasamente observada e investigada sistemáticamente. La publicación entrega además resultados en base a un análisis profundo de las bibliotecas chilenas con..

We investigate the expressive power of memory logics. These are modal logics extended with the possibility to store (or remove) the current node of evaluation in (or from) a memory, and to perform membership tests on the current memory. From this perspective, the hybrid logic (↓), for example, can be thought of as a particular case of a memory logic where the memory is an indexed list of elements of the domain.

Resumen. La consideración de una nueva visión para sustituir y revisar las concepciones humanasen relación con el ambiente, plantea necesariamente mantener una misión educativa, dirigiendo laatención al complejo mundo natural, porque bajo esta perspectiva, educar representa una formaviable entre la realidad y el medio, condición indispensable para replantear la promoción de lasactividades ecológicas mediante el panorama gerencial, bajo el rol que desempeña el gerente deaula, para obtener cambios en el futuro posicionamiento humano en relación con la naturaleza. Elestudio tiene como (...) objetivo describir el rol gerencial del docente para la promoción de lasactividades ecológicas en la educación primaria. Tomando como caso el Colegio Jorbalán y EscuelaBásica San José, San Cristóbal, República Bolivariana de Venezuela. El estudio se fundamentó en laactividad promovida por el docente en cuanto a la participación ciudadana y el trabajo colaborativo,así mismo, la gerencia estratégica con referencia a la planificación, organización y dirección deactividades ecológicas. La investigación presentada es de nivel descriptivo, de campo, proyectofactible. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron, que los docentes promueven actividades departicipación ciudadana sobre acciones proambientales y valores ambientales; argumento del cualdiscreparon estudiantes y padres; también se detectaron deficiencias en el desarrollo de la gerenciaestratégica, concluyendo que el trabajo es importante porque hay necesidad de diseñar técnicas parala promoción de actividades ecológicas. Recomendando a los docentes como protagonistasmotivacionales, el ejercicio de los principios gerenciales con mayor firmeza a fin de mejorar lacalidad de vida.Palabras claves. Gerente de aula, promoción actividades ecológicas. Considering a new vision to replace and check the human conceptions in relation to theenvironment, necessarily arises maintain an educational mission, drawing attention to the complexnatural world, because from this perspective, education is a viable way between reality and theenvironment , which is essential to reconsider the promotion of environmental activities bymanagement scenario, in the role played by the manager class, for change in the future positioning inrelation to human nature. The study aimed to describe the managerial role of teachers in thepromotion of environmental activities in primary education. Case: Jorbalán College ElementarySchool and San Jose, San Cristobal, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The same was based onthe activity promoted by the teacher in terms of citizen participation and collaborative work, inaddition, management refers to strategic planning, organization and management of environmentalactivities. The research presented is descriptive level, field, and project feasible. Resultsindicated that teachers promote civic engagement activities on eco-friendly actions andenvironmental values; argument which students and parents disagreed, also identified shortcomingsin the development of strategic management, concluding that there is need to develop techniques forpromoting of environmental activities. It is recommended to teachers asprotagonists motivational exercise management principles more firmly to improve the quality of life.Keywords. Classroom manager, promoting environmental activities. (shrink)

Perceptions of justice in decision outcomes and processes increases trust, support for authorities, and satisfaction with unfavorable outcomes (Lind and Tyler 1988). However, very little research has been done to apply justice concepts to natural resource decision making contexts (an exception is Lauber and Knuth 1997; 1998). In the study presented here, two rounds of focus groups with public participants in the Northern Lower Michigan Ecosystem Management Project were conducted. Participants were asked to describe their experiences with and attitudes toward (...) different types of public participation. They were also asked what criteria they use when judging the fairness of a natural resource agency decision. Themes emerging in the answers included the importance of representation, voice, consideration, logic, and desired outcomes. These are very similar to justice principles documented in other fields. This suggests managers would be wise to focus less on public participation techniques and more on achieving fair decision-making processes. (shrink)

A fim de celebrar o bicentenário da publicação d´ O mundo como vontade e representação, rememoraremos uma polêmica de grandes proporções na filosofia alemã ao final do século XIX: a Pessimismus-Frage. Originada pela recepção da filosofia schopenhaueriana, essa polêmica suscitou – sobretudo após a morte de Schopenhauer - extensos debates entre os partidários do pessimismo filosófico e seus críticos. Iniciaremos descrevendo algumas características do horizonte intelectual alemão da época. A seguir, apresentaremos traços do pensamento de três representantes da chamada escola (...) de Schopenhauer, defensores do pessimismo filosófico. Posteriormente, elencaremos algumas das principais críticas dirigidas contra Schopenhauer e seu pessimismo, oriundas sobretudo do movimento neokantiano, ora dominante na filosofia universitária alemã. Concluiremos mostrando como a Pessimismus-Frage tinha como pressuposto uma discussão acerca da natureza e dos limites da própria filosofia, ressaltando a influência da filosofia schopenhaueriana durante a segunda metade do século XIX na Alemanha. (shrink)

This essay develops our meta-logical interpretation of Leibniz’s formal theory of contingency by taking up two additional issues not fully addressed in our earlier efforts. The first issue concerns the relationship between Leibniz’s formal theory of contingency and his views on species and essentialism. The second issue concerns the relationship between Leibniz’s formal theory of contingency and the modal status of the actual world.