Background:As caring in times of pandemics becomes extremely stressful, the volume and intensity of nursing work witness significant increase. Ethical practices are therefore even more important for nurses and nurse leaders during this special period.Research aim:The aim was to explore the relationship between ethical nurse leaders and nurses’ task mastery and ostracism, and to examine the mediating role of relational identification in this relationship during pandemics.Research design:Based on social exchange theory, this study tests a theoretical model proposing that ethical nurse (...) leaders can increase nurses’ task mastery and reduce their ostracism by improving their relational identification with leaders during pandemics.Participants and research context:A multilevel and multi-wave field study using data from 172 nurses from 45 departments of two comprehensive hospitals was performed from April to August 2020 to test proposed hypotheses.Ethical considerations:We received formal approvals from the ethical committee of the hospital where we conducted this study before the data collection.Results:Ethical nurse leaders can indeed increase nurses’ task mastery and reduce their ostracism during the pandemic period; furthermore, nurses’ identification with their leaders mediates these relationships. We find that ethical leadership plays an even more important role in improving nurses’ task mastery and reducing their ostracism that may be facilitated by pandemics this special time. Nurses will become more identified with their leaders when they are treated by ethical ways.Discussion:The study tries to advance our understanding of the important role of ethical leadership in nurse management literature and provide useful suggestions for healthcare institutions, nurse leaders, and nurses during pandemics.Conclusion:Theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings are discussed. Specifically, we suggest that healthcare institutions cultivate ethical nurse leaders to facilitate nurses’ relational identification, which in turn will positively influence work outcomes. (shrink)

Although previous studies showed that women’s menopause-related symptoms varied in different ethnic groups and countries, and were affected by specific social and cultural factors, few studies have been conducted to explore menopause-related symptoms and its influencing factors in middle-aged women among ethnic groups in China. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of menopause-related symptoms and its influencing factors among Mosuo, Yi, and Han women in Yongning area of Yunnan province, China. A cross-cultural design by snowball sampling method was used (...) to recruit 208 women aged 40–60 from Yongning Township, Ninglang County, Yunnan province, China. The 11-item Menopause Rating Scale was used to assess menopause-related symptoms. Compared with Yi and Han women, Mosuo women were accorded the highest family status. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that ethnicity, age, family support, and family decision-making patterns were associated with the severity of menopause-related symptoms. Yi and Han women had more severe menopause-related symptoms than Mosuo women. Among the three groups, women living in “female-dominated” and “co-deliberated” households had significantly lower scores of menopause-related symptoms than those in “male-dominated” households. This study indicates that menopause-related symptoms vary among middle-aged women in different ethnic groups. A higher level of female status in the family and family support may be protective factors of menopause-related symptoms in middle-aged women. (shrink)

Unprecedented times compel new ways to explore relationships. Using interviews with dating app users quarantined in American cities at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, I show the impacts of digital mediation on the highly scripted interactional patterns in dating. Drawing from the literature on creative action, temporality, digital affordance, and the materiality of cultural objects, I examine how actors access the creative opportunities in digitally mediated interaction. I find that dating partners creatively mobilized the affordances of digital technologies to (...) approximate a dating script in organizing online interactions, which simultaneously allowed them to formulate relational narratives with varying deviation from the scripted temporal structure. I identify three aspects of digital affordances offering creative opportunities: the dissolution of spatial-temporal boundaries, the production and circulation of digital objects, and the connection between contexts. Taking advantage of an extraordinary moment of cultural and interactional rupture that necessitated digital solutions to connect, this article demonstrates how digital technologies unsettle culturally institutionalized interactional patterns and the formation of meaningful relationships. (shrink)

Arbitrary symbolism is a linguistic doctrine that predicts an orthogonal relationship between word forms and their corresponding meanings. Recent corpora analyses have demonstrated violations of arbitrary symbolism with respect to concreteness, a variable characterizing the sensorimotor salience of a word. In addition to qualitative semantic differences, abstract and concrete words are also marked by distinct morphophonological structures such as length and morphological complexity. Native English speakers show sensitivity to these markers in tasks such as auditory word recognition and naming. One (...) unanswered question is whether this violation of arbitrariness reflects an idiosyncratic property of the English lexicon or whether word concreteness is a marked phenomenon across other natural languages. We isolated concrete and abstract English nouns, and translated each into Russian, Arabic, Dutch, Mandarin, Hindi, Korean, Hebrew, and American Sign Language. We conducted offline acoustic analyses of abstract and concrete word length discrepancies across languages. In a separate experiment, native English speakers with no prior knowledge of these foreign languages judged concreteness of these nouns. Each naïve participant heard pre-recorded words presented in randomized blocks of three foreign languages following a brief listening exposure to a narrative sample from each respective language. Concrete and abstract words differed by length across five of eight languages, and prediction accuracy exceeded chance for four of eight languages. These results suggest that word concreteness is a marked phenomenon across several of the world's most widely spoken languages. We interpret these findings as supportive of an adaptive cognitive heuristic that allows listeners to exploit non-arbitrary mappings of word form to word meaning. (shrink)

本书第一编主要讨论刑法客观主义理论中所蕴含的抽象性、行为事实的客观性问题及其与法治立场的契合性。第二编主要研究刑法客观主义的反对派即刑法主观主义理论对法治立场的动摇。.

La Chine contemporaine 'pense-t-elle'? Et si oui, comment pense-t-elle? Et d'ailleurs, quel sens donner au terme 'penser'? Le noeud du problème réside dans la langue: si la Chine contemporaine veut avoir une pensée authentique, elle doit commencer par étudier sa propre langue? et c'est précisément la difficulté à laquelle se heurte la construction d'un corps intellectuel en chinois. Afin d'éclairer le raisonnement chinois moderne, et de démontrer les implications méthodologiques de la pratique philosophique en chinois, l'auteure a choisi de centrer (...) son étude sur le philosophe chinois contemporain (né en 1952) Chen Jiaying. À la croisée de la linguistique et de la philosophie du langage, elle s'attache à l'approche linguistique de ce philosophe, en particulier à sa manière de développer son raisonnement en clarifiant systématiquement l'usage des mots chinois, et à son style argumentatif et dialogique fondé sur des caractéristiques linguistiques propres à la langue chinoise, mais aussi à travers l'identification et la classification d'une série de concepts chinois 'naturels'. Cet ouvrage démontre ainsi comment la pensée en langue chinoise peut se révéler innovante et dynamique en répondant à des questions universelles cruciales? 'Qu'est-ce que la philosophie aujourd'hui, dans un monde dominé par les méthodes scientifiques empiriques?' 'Qu'est-ce qu'une bonne vie?', 'Comment bien vivre dans notre monde actuel aux valeurs plurielles, fragmentées, voire contradictoires?'...Par-delà l'analyse de ce qu'est 'penser en chinois', Xiyin Zhou ménage une large place à l'analyse conceptuelle interlinguistique, faisant des allers-retours entre les langues chinoise et occidentales. Elle plaide ainsi pour surmonter l'étroitesse de la pratique philosophique dans une seule langue, et pour une approche philosophique 'écolinguistique' fondée sur l'utilisation naturelle du langage."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

本书除导论外分为上中下三篇.上篇是法规范论,主要内容有法律的概念,法律的功能和作用,法律关系,法律责任,法律规范,法律渊源和法律分类,法律效力等,是关于静态的法;中篇为法运行论,主要内容有法律程序,立 法,守法,执法,司法,法律方法,法治和法律价值等,是关于动态的法;下篇为法社会论,主要内容有法律与人性,法律与经济,法律与科学,法律与宗教,法律与道德,法律与国家等,是关于法律与其他社会现象的关系.

《滄桑回顧錄》是作者從山溝裡的家鄉為了保家，隨時勢演變而浪跡大江南北，流落海角一隅，終至落葉而無根可歸的人生旅程；也是自十九世紀以來上億臉龐模糊但血淚分明的中國小民從身不由己的經歷與視野所述說的近代史 。對照中國近代官史，《滄桑回顧錄》是人民的歷史。.

The rise of global civil society as a new discourse in the last century, in the new century has been of concern. Western academic circles around the concept of global civil society, global civil society and the emergence and development of global civil society influence on the political realities and trends and other issues had extensive discussions and the formation of a different theoretical framework and research camp. While the Western world made ​​a series of civil society, research results, but (...) still insufficient to demonstrate the normative study, mainly confined to the liberal democratic framework of the inadequacies of the middle. China scholars have been from international relations, political science and political philosophy point of view about global civil society, but in general, the power of research in this area is still relatively weak, insufficient results, further research needs to be made. As a word rising from the late of last century, Global Civil Society is very attractable in the early new century. Western academy has initiated abroad discussion on the concept of GCS, the process of its formation and development, its impact on political realities and its future. In the discussion, theory analysis frames and theory camps have already come into being. Though a great achievements have been gotten, there are still some deficiencies lie in the Western studies, such as lacking of normative studies and main studies are limited in the frames of liberal democracy. In China some scholars have studied about GCS from the views of international relationship, political science and political philosophy. But as a whole, research force in the realm is still weak and the fruits are insufficient, deep discussion is needed. (shrink)

Ben shu fen wu ge zhuan ji,Xuan lu le wang wei guang,Zhang quan jing,Tian xin ming,Liang zhu,Li shen ming,Liu run wei,Zhou xin cheng deng fa biao zai deng qi kan shang de pi pan li shi xu wu zhu yi de wen zhang,Zhi zai yin dao guang da dang yuan gan bu shen ke ren shi li shi xu wu zhu yi de wei hai,Shi zhong jian chi wei wu shi guan,Jian jue fan dui li shi xu wu zhu (...) yi. (shrink)

The two event-related potentials studies investigated how verbs and nouns were processed in different music priming conditions in order to reveal whether the motion concept via embodiment can be stimulated and evoked across categories. Study 1 tested the processing of verbs primed by two music types, with tempo changes and without tempo changes while Study 2 tested the processing of nouns in the same priming condition as adopted in Study 1. During the experiments, participants were required to hear a piece (...) of music prior to judging whether an ensuing word is semantically congruent with the motion concept conveyed by the music. The results show that in the priming condition of music with tempo changes, state verbs and inanimate nouns elicited larger N400 amplitudes than action verbs and animate nouns, respectively in the anterior regions and anterior to central regions, whereas in the priming condition of music without tempo changes, action verbs elicited larger N400 amplitudes than state verbs and the two categories of nouns revealed no N400 difference, unexpectedly. The interactions between music and words were significant only in Tasks 1, 2, and 3. Taken together, the results demonstrate that firstly, music with tempo changes and music without tempo prime verbs and nouns in different fashions; secondly, action verbs and animate nouns are easier to process than state verbs and inanimate nouns when primed by music with tempo changes due to the shared motion concept across categories; thirdly, bodily experience differentiates between music and words in coding fashion but the motion concept conveyed by the two categories can be subtly extracted on the metaphorical basis, as indicated in the N400 component. Our studies reveal that music tempos can prime different word classes, favoring the notion that embodied motion concept exists across domains and adding evidence to the hypothesis that music and language share the neural mechanism of meaning processing. (shrink)

本书是一部对泰州学派进行全面研究的专著。基于文献，本书对泰州学派成员的组成提出了新的看法，突出了泰州学派的历时特征以及泰州学派的核心思想内涵，对此前泰州学派研究中鲜有论及的赵大洲、邓豁渠的思想进行了深 入分析，肯定了其在泰州学派传衍中的作用。通过文献细读，本书对传统的学术观念提出了一些质疑，分析了泰州学派思想家们通过不懈努力为儒学注入的鲜活因子，分析了泰州学人豪杰精神背后的经世情怀，为客观评价泰州学 派的历史作用提供了学理依据。.

處於現代性價值衝突的道德困境下，自由主義從誕生之日起，就不得不面臨諸如自由與平等、權利與善的衝突。 對於這樣的兩難選擇，究竟該何去何從？ 《自由主義的道德處境》通過分析和辯駁反自由主義者們對自由主義的批判觀點，展開為自由主義作辯護性的寫作。自羅爾斯《正義論》問世以來，各種反自由主義者對自由主義的批評，以及自由主義者的回應、辯護和修正，成 為當代西方政治哲學爭論的主題。周楓以這場大爭論為背景，對自由主義和反自由主義的根本分歧作了系統的、歷史的考察與評論。其要義在於指出：處於現代性價值衝突的道德困境下，自由主義從誕生之日起，就不得不面臨著 諸如自由與平等、權利與善的兩難選擇。對衝突的任何一方價值的選擇，都是對另一方價值的損害。自由主義者選擇自由優先於平等，權利優先於善，這是否有充分的道德根據？這一選擇又讓人類付出了怎樣的代價？《自由主義 的道德處境》試圖就這些問題作一深入的探討。.

Generally believed that "theory of continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat" is a "Cultural Revolution" guiding ideology, which in ten years the "Cultural Revolution" period has been widely publicized, has written to the Chinese Communists "nine", "Top Ten", "Eleventh large "by the political report and constitution, but also to write the fourth and fifth National People's Congress meeting adopted constitutional changes, the impact is huge. When it was proposed that "the history of Marxism has set a third great (...) milestone," and after more than ten years later, "since the founding of the party on a number of resolutions on the question of history" has made ​​it a completely different assessment that It is the "leftist" errors and this should be "resolutely corrected." In this paper, the editorial "October Socialist Revolution opened up along the path," CPC "nine", Hua Guofeng, the Third Plenum and "since the founding of the party on a number of resolutions on the question of history," as the coordinates of the tracking the fate of its history and study. q "The Theory on Continuing the Revolution under the Leadership of Proletarians" is commonly regarded as the guiding ideology of the Cultural Revolution. Widely publicized during the decade-long Cultural Revolution, it has been incorporated into the Chinese Communist Party's constitution and the People's Republic of China's constitution for numerous times and has exerted a great influence on the state. By the time it was initially proposed in 1967, it was regarded as' the third landmark in the history of Marxism. But it was subject to a completely different fate more than ten years later as it was labeled "pinko" and was required to he "corrected" in Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China. This paper aims to conduct an investigation of the historical fate of "the Theory on Continuing the Revolution under the Dictatorship of Proletarians" with reference to the following texts: Go Ahead Along the Way Inaugurated by October Socialist Revolution, Report of the Ninth National Congress of the CPC, Hua Guofeng's Talkings, Report of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China. (shrink)

Rural electrification is now and will remain an essential element for rural development in China and other developing countries. With more than half of the world’s population living in rural communities, lessons for rural renewable energy applications and assessment from China can be very helpful in defining a global sustainable development strategy. This paper describes energy needs in rural China, examines the resource availability of three provinces (Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and Xinjiang in Western China), and evaluates rural energy options and (...) the economics of stand-alone off-grid renewable energy technologies for rural application in this region. An eight-year collaborative effort between several of China’s leading energy and environmental research institutes and the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy demonstrates the existence of a viable renewable energy-based strategy to address rural electricity needs in a socially and environmentally sustainable manner. (shrink)