This study examined the effects of social integration on the psychological well-being of American women who were wives and mothers of young children in the 1950s. The sample, drawn from a 1956 data archive, consisted of 358 married mothers with children under age 13 who lived in upstate New York. The authors focused on two measures of psychological well-being, self-esteem and general life satisfaction, and three measures of women's subjective appraisal of the mother role. Using hierarchical multiple regression and controlling (...) for potentially important individual and structural variables, the authors found that the number of nonfamily roles beyond those of wife and mother that this sample of women occupied was positively related to both self-esteem and general life satisfaction and was negatively related to feelings of detachment from the mothering role. These effects remained regardless of whether or not women were in the labor force and regardless of their social class. The paid worker role per se was not related to self-esteem or general life satisfaction but was related to feelings of maternal discontent and maternal inadequacy. (shrink)

When we conceptualized this symposium, Roe v. Wade1 was still the law of the land, albeit precariously. We aimed to commemorate its fiftieth anniversary by exploring historical, legal, medical, and related dimensions of access to abortion as well as the challenges ahead to secure reproductive justice. With the leak of the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization on May 2, 2022, we shifted to mark the dawn of a new era. In the nearly identical official (...) opinion announced on June 24, 2022,2 Justice Samuel Alito, writing for the majority (6-3), overturned Roe and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey.3. (shrink)

LiTToL(R) is a mindset philosophy based on psychology and universal principles & is an acronym for Living The Tree of Life which has ten (10) tenets focused on self-mastery. Through LiTToL(R), The Meditative Coach views life through the lens of transcendent universal principles for the purpose of receiving their stated, undeniable benefit. It is the knowledge base for fulfilling the mission of The Meditative Coach of helping clients identify & attain results in their passion and purpose so that they may (...) manifest the life they've always desired. LiTToL(R) Mindset Philosophy was created to give the common person a proper map for gaining self-mastery and serve as a framework for goal achievement. In a world filled with constant change and sudden trials, LiTToL(R) provides the ability to identify with our true selves and power through life with joy, peace, and success. (shrink)

This essay assesses the debate over “moral reading” and “originalist” approaches to constitutional interpretation, as elaborated in James E. Fleming, Fidelity to Our Imperfect Constitution: For Moral Readings and Against Originalism (2015), by evaluating the recent, momentous constitutional controversy in the United Sates of America over access by same-sex couples to civil marriage. Justice Kennedy’s landmark majority opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), which held that such couples have a fundamental right to marry, employed a “moral reading” in emphasizing evolving (...) understandings of constitutional guarantees of equality, the “promise of liberty” and the institution of marriage. By contrast to the dissenters, the majority rejected a static, narrow reading of the fundamental right to marry —and marriage— and stressed the role “insight” and generational progress. Evolving understanding played a similar role in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health (2013), which provided a template for Kennedy’s rejection of a narrow originalism focused only on historical practices or original intent. Such moral readings of the Constitution have played a significant role in making the Fourteenth Amendment less of (in Justice Ginsburg’s words) an “empty cupboard” for gay men and lesbians, just as they have played a role in making it less empty in the context of sex equality. This essay demonstrates how the contrasting approaches to interpretation in the majority and dissenting opinions in DeBoer v. Snyder (reversed by Obergefell) previewed the interpretive battle between the Obergefell majority and dissents, but with the sides reversed. It then observes that, while some legal scholars offered, in amicus briefs filed in Obergefell, originalist arguments for same-sex marriage, such arguments persuaded neither other originalist scholars nor the Obergefell dissenters. (shrink)

Although images of faces have long been employed in the scientific study of emotion, the objectives and assumptions motivating their use have shifted according to the various fields and research programs within which they have been put to use. This article traces these shifts through three such fields – the social psychology of interwar America, cross-cultural research of the 1970s, and the contemporary neurosciences of emotion – in order to assess the recent use of facial images as a means of (...) correlating particular emotions with particular locations in the brain. (shrink)

The essays in this volume present versions of feminism that are explicitly liberal, or versions of liberalism that are explicitly feminist. By bringing together some of the most respected and well-known scholars in mainstream political philosophy today, Amy R. Baehr challenges the reader to reconsider the dominant view that liberalism and feminism are 'incompatible.'.

This is an excerpt from the contentGender equality as a badge of modernity is one of the primary features of the homogenizing process known as globalization. Just as all but a handful of states now claim to be “republics”, regardless of the degree of substantive public rule, an affirmation of equal rights for men and women uniformly appears in modern constitutions and international conventions. Even more striking than the gap between formal and substantive democracy is the chasm that separates these (...) claims of gender equality from the reality of the lives of the world’s women and girls, a breach that is visible in multiple contexts, from the stubbornly low percentages of women in positions of political and economic power, to the cultural transmission of sexual subordination in mass media, to the growing number of impoverished, enslaved, and stateless women worldwide. Using the lens of citizenship to assess, understand and address this gap between formal and substantive equality is the principle project of Gender Equality. (shrink)

The title of McClain’s book suggests that its theme is Plato’s seeming Pythagoreanism; yet it contains no commentary on the Philebus or the Phaedo. Its subtitle suggests that the theme is rather the five mathematical disciplines which may constitute a propaedeutic to dialectic ; yet it contains almost no account of the first four, and little account of the fifth as propaedeutic in this way. McClain’s book is rather an "adventure in musical imagination" whose proximate aim is a (...) detailed and coherent display of Plato’s musical imagination. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic’s disproportionate harm to racialized communities and increased public attention to the deaths of Black people at the hands of police (Elijah McClain, Breonna Taylor, George F...

Vladimir Lefebvre's mathematical model of cognitive reflexion, together with applications; plus thirteen evaluations by relevant authorities. Lefebvre's chapter is an algebraic description of a special hypothetical -processor-, intrinsic to in humans, that models the self and others. The model's -predictions- of personality constructs, culture conflicts, musicological scales and quantum models are presented, together with experimental confirmations. Most of the critics (Jack Adams-Webber, William Batchelder, Konstantin Bogatyrew, Louis Kauffman, Victorina Lefebvre, L.B. Levitin, Ernest McClain, Anatol Rapoport, Richard Sacksteder, Frederick Turner, (...) Harvey Wheeler and Robert Zajonc) are favorable. Some offer different interpretations and propose modifications.". (shrink)

In a study based on archival research and imaginative reconstruction, Molly McClain tries to prove that the political and personal activities of Henry Somerset, third marquis of Worcester and first duke of Beaufort , and his wife, Mary Capel Somerset , demonstrate the transformation of the aristocracy in the Restoration period. Her work seems to embrace the thesis of Theodore K. Rabb in The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe about the “crisis of the seventeenth century” and its (...) resolution in confidence and stability later in the century, but in this case, as in many others, McClain fails to present the evidence and analysis necessary for such an assertion.According to McClain, the duke of Beaufort became a rationalist in his pursuit of certainty, while the duchess turned to empiricism for her peace of mind. The Copernican landscape of their estate at Badminton in Gloucestershire was the expression of Beaufort's quest to order the world. His wife collected a vast number of plants and seeds, housed in a greenhouse at Badminton, and patronized some of the most important naturalists and botanists of her age, including Sir Henry Sloane. With their help, she assembled a twelve‐volume herbarium, which was used by John Ray in his botanic taxonomy.Mary Somerset, who suffered from periodic bouts of depression, found in plants the expression of God's providence and, according to McClain, was led through contemplation of the physical world to the experience of God's grace. Unfortunately, rather than linking this argument with the many modern works that have sought to understand the relationship of science and religion in the late seventeenth century, McClain uses Scripture and unsupported speculation to bolster her argument.If McClain had developed these themes, contextualized them, supported them with more evidence, and enhanced them with reference to the secondary literature, this book might have proved of interest to historians of science. Instead, it is largely devoted to detailed political and local history. Her discussion is historiographically anachronistic, echoing an earlier generation of scholars who rarely considered social and cultural questions.A large part of the problem with the book is its meager footnote citations and an extremely limited bibliography. One can only hope that this is an expression of the writer's lack of experience rather than a dictate of Yale University Press. If the book was intended for a popular audience, these omissions would be understandable; but presumably that is not the expected constituency.Or perhaps it is. McClain has a curious tendency to introduce the rhetoric of romance novels into her discussion. What are we to make of statements like the following: “Their marriage was held together by a strong sexual passion which their letters hint at, but never reveal. We can only imagine what it must have been like for them to spend their nights in a dark bedchamber hung with tapestries and warmed only by a fire” ? Probably most historians would not like to dwell on this question, and they would be better off avoiding the duke and duchess of Beaufort, and their expositor, entirely. (shrink)