Encounters in the Arts, Literature, and Philosophy focuses on chance and scripted encounters as sites of tensions and alliances where new forms, ideas, meanings, interpretations, and theories can emerge. By moving beyond the realm of traditional hermeneutics, Jérôme Brillaud and Virginie Greene have compiled a volume that vitally illustrates how reading encounters represented in artefacts, texts, and films is a vibrant and dynamic mode of encountering and interpreting. With contributions from esteemed academics such as Christie McDonald, Pierre Saint-Amand, Susan (...) Suleiman, and Jean-Jacques Nattiez, this book is a multidisciplinary collaboration between scholars from a range of disciplines including philosophy, literature, musicology and film studies. It uses examples chiefly from French culture and covers the Early Modern era to the twentieth century while providing a thorough and representative array of theoretical and hermeneutical approaches. (shrink)

Encounters in the Arts, Literature, and Philosophy focuses on chance and scripted encounters as sites of tensions and alliances where new forms, ideas, meanings, interpretations, and theories can emerge. By moving beyond the realm of traditional hermeneutics, Jérôme Brillaud and Virginie Greene have compiled a volume that vitally illustrates how reading encounters represented in artefacts, texts, and films is a vibrant and dynamic mode of encountering and interpreting. With contributions from esteemed academics such as Christie McDonald, Pierre Saint-Amand, Susan (...) Suleiman, and Jean-Jacques Nattiez, this book is a multidisciplinary collaboration between scholars from a range of disciplines including philosophy, literature, musicology and film studies. It uses examples chiefly from French culture and covers the Early Modern era to the twentieth century while providing a thorough and representative array of theoretical and hermeneutical approaches. (shrink)

This article discusses the notion that the invisibility of the animalness of the animal constitutes a fundamental obstacle to change within current production systems. It is discussed whether housing animals in environments that resemble natural habitats could lead to a re-animalization of the animals, a higher appreciation of their moral significance, and thereby higher standards of animal welfare. The basic claim is that experiencing the animals in their evolutionary and environmental context would make it harder to objectify animals as mere (...) bioreactors and production systems. It is argued that the historic objectification of animals within intensive animal production can only be reversed if animals are given the chance to express themselves as they are and not as we see them through the tunnel visions of economy and quantifiable welfare assessment parameters. (shrink)

Mimicry, camouflage, transvestism, chance or cryptic anamorphism, fascination – all ways of changing clothes, habits and habitats in nature as well as in culture, in any symbolic field created by human beings during their history. Art and artification, aestheticization, stylization and beautification are all practices reflecting the need and desire for biological as well as social adaptation, all performances producing functional and fictional frames, boundaries or hierarchies in ordinary life, including the artworld. They can persuade and convince by creating (...) consensus and belief, but they can also lead to a different common sense, a sensorium – a sensorial medium and an aesthetic mediation open to a new world and to new experiences. -/- By investigating mimetism as a fundamental and polymorphic aesthetic performance, this issue of «Aisthesis» aims to rethink the concept, value, and function of mimesis and its media in the context of camouflage, simulation, and dissimulation, where images do not reveal themselves as such, but are to be perceived unambiguously as what they are not – as hieroglyphs or puzzles. In the animal kingdom, as well as in war or in ordinary public life, camouflage consists in taking on the traits, colours, and shapes of a given form or environment. This is a twofold process: on the one hand, by blending two or more shapes in one, the camoufleur seeks to remain hidden and to mislead the others in order to keep a vital secret or an ephemeral whim; on the other hand, however, he/she aims to be recognized by a specific milieu or group, thus betraying a craving for communication and familiarity, as well as a need to convey an agreeable appearance and to share a way of life. (shrink)

Cet article présente le contexte général ayant conduit à l’élaboration du Corpus de français parlé au Québec (CFPQ) et les principes méthodologiques ayant présidé à sa confection. Il illustre ensuite l’intérêt que représente cette ressource documentaire pour l’étude de la langue parlée en contexte informel par le biais d’un examen lexico-sémantique de la séquence je sais pas. L’intérêt pour cette séquence vient d’abord d’un constat : celle-ci est particulièrement fréquente dans le corpus pris comme cible. En effet, elle y occupe (...) le premier rang, en terme de fréquence, pour ce qui concerne la présence de trois unités graphiques figurant en contiguïté. Ce constat oriente vers l’idée selon laquelle son degré d’« entrenchment » (c’est-à-dire d’enracinement) doit être grand, qu’elle a toute chance d’être mémorisée en bloc dans un certain nombre de contextes, à la manière des séquences complexes ou expressions (semi-)figées. L’attention se focalise sur des exemples où je sais pas agit à titre d’expression verbale, puis d’expression discursive. (shrink)

Dans cette enquête, j’affirme que les signes occupent une place centrale dans la cosmologie de Peirce, et que le fait de soutenir de nouvelles propositions à travers le dialogue a le pouvoir de favoriser l’unité nécessaire pour souder les membres de son continuum. Le dialogue tel que conçu par Peirce devient le moyen de souder chaque membre du continuum. Le principal moteur dans la réalisation de cette «soudure», selon Peirce, est le hasard/l’habitude dans l’utilisation des signes elle-même. Bien que la (...) place du soi, conçu comme une expression de toutes les composantes du monde physique, sera considérée, je m’intéresserai principalement aux changements logiques constatés par le passage du dialogue inter-actionnel au dialogue intra-actionnel. (shrink)

Religion et rationalité. Philon d'Alexandrie et sa postérité propose un nouveau regard sur les travaux de Philon d'Alexandrie : prenant appui sur les mots de Moïse aussi bien que sur des concepts philosophiques, il les associe dans son commentaire de l'Écriture pour créer une nouvelle manière de penser. Les dix études rassemblées dans ce volume apportent un nouvel éclairage sur cette méthode et son originalité. Elles mettent également en évidence la pérennité de cette démarche aussi bien dans le néo-platonisme que (...) chez les Pères de l'Église et dans l'exégèse médiévale. (shrink)

La sociologie historique des sciences et des techniques est, davantage qu'une discipline, une pratique et une mise en oeuvre d'un ensemble varié de méthodes historiques et sociologiques croisées. Cet ouvrage propose donc une approche méthodologique et empirique de ce segment de recherche aux riches potentialités. Deux problématiques structurent le livre. Il s'agit tout d'abord d'enquêter sur la production et la circulation des concepts dans des contextes variés (marxisme, épistémè foucaldienne). Ensuite, parce que la sociologie historique des sciences et des techniques (...) offre une potentialité d'expressions théoriques larges, l'ouvrage avance la proposition d'une conceptualisation du rapport entre savoir et pouvoir autour d'un régime régulatoire des sciences et des techniques. Le cadrage par le droit, la professionnalisation de certaines activités savantes, les effets de la bureaucratisation et la mobilisation de valeurs spécifiques délimitent un ensemble de pratiques scientifiques et techniques déployé par et pour l'État. La mise à l'épreuve historique de ce schéma théorique permet de signaler, depuis le XVIe siècle, les grandes inflexions d'une science destinée à soutenir et organiser l'action rationnelle du pouvoir."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Cette premiere synthese integrale de la pensee politique d'Emile Chartier (1868-1951, plus connu sous le pseudonyme d'Alain) se propose, a nouveaux frais et de maniere soigneusement contextualisee, de redonner a Alain la place majeure et singuliere qui lui revient dans l'histoire recente des idees : celle d'un penseur citoyen, d'un liberal de gauche compagnon de route du radicalisme, dont l'anti-etatisme, l'individualisme democratique et le rationalisme laique entrent en resonance profonde avec les preoccupations contemporaines. Jerome Perrier entend ainsi rendre justice a (...) cet insatiable chroniqueur, dont l'oeuvre a pati d'avoir ete disseminee en plusieurs milliers de Propos dans la presse de son epoque. Contre le cliche de philosophe pour classes terminales qu'on a parfois cru devoir lui accoler en raison de son style sans jargon, il campe un Alain a la fois clair et profond, soucieux d'etre comprehensible par tous, qui s'inscrit aussi dans la tradition des moralistes francais allant de Montaigne a Camus. (shrink)

Le philosophe Alain est rarement considéré comme un penseur politique de premier plan. À tort. Ses réflexions en la matière, nombreuses, sont beaucoup plus profondes et autrement plus originales qu'on ne le croit généralement, et l'inventeur des Propos est bien davantage que le simple « philosophe du bonheur pour classe terminale » qu'on a coutume de présenter - et de citer, beaucoup plus que de lire. Circonstance aggravante, sa philosophie politique, quoiqu'authentiquement démocrate, apparaît dans le même temps viscéralement individualiste et (...) libérale ; ce qui s'avère être une tare rédhibitoire aux yeux de beaucoup d'intellectuels français, et ce qui a certainement joué un rôle non négligeable dans l'oubli presque complet dans lequel est tombé cet aspect de son oeuvre au XXe siècle, c'est-à-dire à l'époque tragique des totalitarismes et de l'État-roi. Or, c'est précisément cette dimension de la pensée d'Alain que nous entendons ici mettre en valeur, avec l'intime conviction que cette oeuvre politique a encore beaucoup de choses à nous apprendre et qu'elle mérite sans le moindre doute de figurer au panthéon des plus grands classiques de la pensée libérale. (shrink)

Euthanasie, gestation pour autrui, excision, prostitution, légalisation du cannabis, peine de mort, corrida, consommation de viande, immigration, fiscalité... Qu'ils prennent l'aspect de discordes ponctuelles ou de polémiques récurrentes, qu'ils donnent lieu à des délibérations policées ou à des explosions de violence, les désaccords moraux ne cessent d'irriguer, d'enflammer et de fissurer la sphère publique. En éveillant la stupéfaction ou l'indignation, ils entraînent dans leur sillage des collisions au sein d'un espace commun, d'intenses clivages entre des individus ou des groupes qui (...) se perçoivent tour à tour comme des contradicteurs, des adversaires ou des ennemis. Mais quelles sont donc les sources des désaccords moraux? Quelles sont les formes et les forces qui les animent? Quels sont les cheminements qui mènent à leur éclosion, leur extension ou leur extinction? Et comment remédier aux fractures qu'ils provoquent, sans pour autant imposer des dogmes (absolutisme) ni renoncer au discours critique (relativisme)? Telles sont les questions auxquelles ce livre s'efforcera de répondre. Il s'agira ici de conduire une enquête qui s'appuiera tout particulièrement sur la philosophie pragmatiste, les sciences cognitives et les sciences sociales. L'enjeu, - dès- lors, consistera à équilibrer deux exigences : d'une part, encadrer les désaccords moraux afin d'éviter l'infinie prolifération des conflits, et d'autre part, promouvoir leur expression publique dans une perspective résolument pluraliste."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

"We must turn to the Euthydemus if we are to understand both Plato's earlier and his more mature work. Thomas Chance's book is an indispensible tool for penetrating to the sources of Plato's thinking on the nature of philosophy. This is the most impressive treatment of the dialogue so far available to scholars, and the interpretations offered will surely be the starting point for all future discussions."--G. B. Kerferd, Emeritus, University of Manchester "A sensitive and well-informed study of an (...) important and much neglected dialogue."--R. E. Allen, Northwestern University "A sensitive and well-informed study of an important and much neglected dialogue."--R. E. Allen "Chance's book [will be] an indispensable tool for penetrating to the sources of Plato's thinking.... The interpretations offered will surely be the starting point for all future discussions."--George Kerferd. (shrink)

Kant's notion of ‘discipline’ has received considerable attention from scholars of his philosophy of education, but its role in his theoretical philosophy has been largely ignored. This omission is surprising since his discussion of discipline in the first Critique is not only more extensive and expansive in scope than his other discussions but also predates them. The goal of this essay is to provide a comprehensive reading of the Discipline that emphasizes its systematic importance in the first Critique. I argue (...) that its goal is to establish a set of rules for the use of pure reason that, if followed, will mitigate and perhaps even eliminate our tendency to make judgments about supersensible objects. Since Kant's justification for these rules relies crucially on claims he has defended in the Doctrine of Elements, I argue further that, far from being a dispensable part of the Critique as commentators have tended to claim, the Discipline is, in fact, the culmination of Kant's critique of metaphysics. (shrink)

This article aims to highlight the extent to which Kant’s account of belief draws on the views of his contemporaries. Situating the non-evidentialist features of Crusius’s account of belief within his broader account, I argue that they include antecedents to both Kant’s distinction between pragmatic and moral belief and his conception of a postulate of pure practical reason. While moving us closer to Kant’s arguments for the first postulate, however, both Crusius’s and Meier’s arguments for the immortality of the soul (...) fail to anticipate the most important aspect of their Kantian counterparts. Developing the non-evidentialist features of Basedow’s account of belief, I distinguish it from its Pascalian and Jamesian relatives and argue that it is the clearest antecedent to Kant’s arguments for the first and second postulates. Finally, I consider the development of Kant’s account of belief after the first Critique in light of the foregoing, and discuss the broader implications of my analysis. (shrink)

The industrialisation of agriculture has led to considerable alterations at both the technological and economical levels of animal farming. Several animal welfare issues of modern animal agriculture – e.g. stress and stereotypical behaviour – can be traced back to the industrialised intensification of housing and numbers of animals in production. Although these welfare issues dictate ethical criticism, it is the claim of this article that such direct welfare issues are only the forefront of a greater systemic ethical problem inherent to (...) industrialisation. Consequently, this article provides an analysis of the foundational ethical problems in animal agriculture which derive from overly positivistic science and free-market ideology. It will be argued that both these ways of thinking allow for a systematic reification and commodification of animals and that this contributes to language and attitudes which cannot encompass ethical consideration of animals. (shrink)

The concept of animal welfare in confinement agriculture—and an ethical theory based upon this concept—necessitates an idea of what kind of being it is that fares well and what “well” is for this being. This double-question is at the heart of understanding and adequately defining welfare as qualitatively embedded in the experiencing subject. The notion of telos derives (philosophically) from Aristotle and is a way of accounting for the good life of an animal from the unique speciesness of the animal (...) in question. The first part of the article will address the contemporary philosophical and ethical analysis of animals based upon this Aristotelian idea (Rollin in Animal rights and human morality (1st ed. 1981). Prometheus Books, New York, 2006b). Telos is here employed to illustrate the dimensions of what matters in welfare assessment and ethical evaluation. The second half of the article addresses some of the welfare problems in modern animal agriculture and how they relate to the telos concept. Two main examples are dealt with: Boredom (Wemelsfelder in Mental health and well-being in animals. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2005) is argued as being the suffering of choicelessness in animals that are inherently beings that choose—and loneliness is the suffering of social isolation in animals for whom standing in active relations to others is part of what they are. (shrink)

Kant's response to scepticism in the Critique of Pure Reason is complex and remarkably nuanced, although it is rarely recognized as such. In this paper, I argue that recent attempts to flesh out the details of this response by Paul Guyer and Michael Forster do not go far enough. Although they are right to draw a distinction between Humean and Pyrrhonian scepticism and locate Kant's response to the latter in the Transcendental Dialectic, their accounts fail to capture two important aspects (...) of this response. The first is that Kant's response to Pyrrhonian scepticism is also a response to Hume. The second is that aspects of this response are decidedly positive. In particular, I argue (1) that Kant believed Hume's scepticism manifested important elements of Pyrrhonian scepticism and (2) that both Pyrrhonian scepticism and Hume had a significant positive influence on the development of the Transcendental Dialectic. (shrink)

Hume’s account of causation is often regarded a challenge Kant must overcome if the Critical philosophy is to be successful. But from Kant’s time to the present, Hume’s denial of our ability to cognize supersensible objects, a denial that relies heavily on his account of causation, has also been regarded as a forerunner to Kant’s critique of metaphysics. After identifying reasons for rejecting Wayne Waxman’s recent account of Kant’s debt to Hume, I present my own, more modest account of this (...) debt, an account that seeks to unite the two very different pictures of Kant’s relationship to Hume sketched above. (shrink)

Eric Watkins has argued on philosophical, textual, and historical grounds that Kant’s account of causation in the first Critique should not be read as an attempt to refute Hume’s account of causation. In this paper, I challenge the arguments for Watkins’ claim. Specifically, I argue (1) that Kant’s philosophical commitments, even on Watkins’ reading, are not obvious obstacles to refuting Hume, (2) that textual evidence from the “Disciple of Pure Reason” suggests Kant conceived of his account of causation as such (...) a refutation, and (3) that none of Hume’s early German critics provided responses to this account that would have satisfied Kant. Watkins’ reading of Kant’s account of causation is thus more compatible with traditional views about Kant’s relationship to Hume than Watkins believes. (shrink)

Avant de rédiger son Discours de la méthode, véritable coup d'Etat dans la pensée philosophique du XVIIe siècle, le jeune Descartes avait fait trois songes dans une nuit de novembre 1619. Le cerveau en feu de M Descartes revisite ces rêves, où le jeune philosophe entrevoit le fondement matriciel qui relie tous les êtres, et propose un quatrième songe dont il ne serait pas revenu. Nous avons voulu comprendre comment, à l'issue de cette nuit, Descartes entreprend de fonder le cogito (...) contre tous les vertiges entrevus. Un délire philosophique a décidé du destin de l'Occident, a provoqué un durcissement de la raison. Aujourd'hui, alors que la raison de la technologie et de la finance est remise en cause, que nous remettons en doute la Raison des raisons, il importe de revisiter cette vision fondamentale et d'établir un dialogue avec l'écologie intuitive des cultures autochtones : c'est le cinquième songe. (shrink)

Answers to the question, “What is a farm animal?” often revolve around genetics, physical attributes, and the animals’ functions in agricultural production. The essential and defining characteristics of farm animals transcend these limited models, however, and require an answer that avoids reductionism and encompasses a de-atomizing point of view. Such an answer should promote recognition of animals as beings with extensive mental and social capabilities that outline the extent of each individual animal’s existence and—at the same time—define the animals as (...) parts of wholes that in themselves are more than the sum of their parts and have ethological as well as ethical relevance. To accomplish this, the concepts of both anthropomorphism and sociobiology will be examined, and the article will show how the possibility of understanding animals and their characteristics deeply affects both ethology and philosophy; that is, it has an important influence on our descriptive knowledge of animals, the concept of what animal welfare is and can be, and any normative ethics that follow such knowledge. (shrink)

This article argues that aspects of the animal rights view can be constructively modulated through a communitarian approach and come to promote animal welfare through the social contexts of expanded caring communities. The Nordic welfare state is presented as a conceivable caring community within which animals could be viewed and treated appropriately as co-citizens with solidarity based rights and duties.