There are two fundamental models to understanding the phenomenon of natural life. One is thecomputational model, which is based on the symbolic thinking paradigm. The other is the biologicalorganism model. The common difficulty attributed to these paradigms is that their reductive tools allowthe phenomenological aspects of experience to remain hidden behind yes/no responses (behavioraltests), or brain ‘pictures’ (neuroimaging). Hence, one of the problems regards how to overcome meth-odological difficulties towards a non-reductive investigation of conscious experience. It is our aim in (...) thispaper to show how cooperation between Eastern and Western traditions may shed light for a non-reductive study of mind and life. This study focuses on the first-person experience associated withcognitive and mental events. We studied phenomenal data as a crucial fact for the domain of livingbeings, which, we expect, can provide the ground for a subsequent third-person study. The interventionwith Jhana meditation, and its qualitative assessment, provided us with experiential profiles based uponsubjects' evaluations of their own conscious experiences. The overall results should move towards anintegrated or global perspective on mind where neither experience nor external mechanisms have thefinal word. (shrink)

In this paper, we investigate the rules that should underlie a computer program that is capable of revising its beliefs or opinions. Such a program maintains a model of its environment, which is updated to reflect perceived changes in the environment. This model is stored in a knowledge base, and the program draws logical inferences from the information in the knowledge base. All the inferences drawn are added to the knowledge base. Among the propositions in the knowledge base, there are (...) some in which the program believes, and there may be others in which the program does not believe. Inputs from the outside world or reasoning carried out by the program may lead to the detection of contradictions, in which case the program has to revise its beliefs in order to get rid of the contradiction and to accommodate the new information. (shrink)

Background:Essential for the help relation, empathy is the ability to understand, share, and perceive the subjective experience of other human beings.Objective:The objective in this non-experimenta...

We study the SIS and SIRI epidemic models discussing different approaches to compute the thresholds that determine the appearance of an epidemic disease. The stochastic SIS model is a well known mathematical model, studied in several contexts. Here, we present recursively derivations of the dynamic equations for all the moments and we derive the stationary states of the state variables using the moment closure method. We observe that the steady states give a good approximation of the quasi-stationary states of the (...) SIS model. We present the relation between the SIS stochastic model and the contact process introducing creation and annihilation operators. For the spatial stochastic epidemic reinfection model SIRI, where susceptibles S can become infected I, then recover and remain only partial immune against reinfection R, we present the phase transition lines using the mean field and the pair approximation for the moments. We use a scaling argument that allow us to determine analytically an explicit formula for the phase transition lines in pair approximation. (shrink)

Reports of patients with schizophrenia show a fragmented and anomalous subjective experience. This pathological subjective experience, we suggest, can be related to the fact that disembodiment inhibits the possibility of intersubjective experience, and more importantly of common sense. In this paper, we ask how to investigate the anomalous experience both from qualitative and quantitative viewpoints. To our knowledge, few studies have focused on a clinical combination of both first- phenomenological assessment and third-person biological methods, especially for Schizophrenia, or ASD therapeutics (...) and diagnosis. We will thus attempt to bring forward a second-person scientific design, accounting for both the first-person subjective experiential aspects, and respective third-person neurobiological correlates of embodied aesthetics in anomalous experience. From this proposal, we further explore the consequences to clinical and research practice. (shrink)

Este trabalho compõe-se de algumas reflexões sobre o ensino de filosofia na educação básica brasileira. Especificamente, analisar-se-ão dois pontos relativos à atividade filosófica na educação básica, a saber: 1) o ensino de filosofia concebido como exercício de pensamento, de modo a reivindicar, a partir da prática filosófica, um filosofar na educação; 2) as contribuições que a filosofia pode oferecer para a formação do aluno do ensino médio, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao exercício da cidadania. Esses dois pontos serão analisados (...) na perspectiva de reforçar a importância da filosofia como componente curricular obrigatório e como instrumento imprescindível para que sejam alcançados os objetivos do ensino médio, última etapa da educação básica, entendida esta como instrumento que prepara o indivíduo para exercer o seu papel de cidadão. (shrink)

This book is dedicated to clarify ambiguous concepts from the world of creativity and innovation. One of the initial triggers for the development of the book was the perceived ambiguity of the binomials Design vs. Design Thinking and Innovation vs. Invention. Frequently, designers and innovation consultants are questioned by their clients about the relationships between these kind of concepts. Has the second emerged through the first, or vice-verse? Is one part of the other? Where are the similarities and which are (...) the differences? This conceptual incomprehension makes itself noticeable between many ambiguous concepts in the world of innovation and creativity. What is the difference between Radical and Disruptive Innovation? Or is Social Innovation the same as Social Intervention? And regarding Creativity, are Creativity and Creative Thinking the same? In this book the reader will find answers to these kinds of questions and doubts. 28 authors from 10 different countries and cultural backgrounds are questioning current definitions and perceptions, by comparing different sources and ideas, or simply by giving their personal opinions. Some of the authors have an academic background, others a practical one, being either entrepreneurs, working with innovation in companies, or being innovation/design consultants. (shrink)

We point out that current belief revision operations can be used to revise non-monotonic theories and we propose a new operation, called permissive belief revision. The underlying idea of permissive belief revision consists of instead of abandoning some beliefs during a revision, transforming those beliefs into weaker ones, while still keeping the resulting belief set consistent. This framework allows us to keep more beliefs than what is usual using existing belief base-based revision theories.

O trabalho que aqui se propões tem por objetivo analisar as obras de Immanuel Kant buscando sintetizar suas contribuições para a compreensão da filosofia enquanto atitude filosófica, num diálogo com as pedagogias ativas, bem como refletir sobre os métodos para o seu ensino. A pesquisa partirá de um viés bibliográfico a fim de trazer os conceitos de autonomia e esclarecimento para uma reflexão sobre os métodos adequados para o despertar de uma consciência filosófica. Embora distante de sua finalidade, a educação (...) deve manter-se em constante busca por melhorias, pelo desenvolvimento da humanidade em todas as suas esferas. (shrink)

This paper addresses the problems of justifying and explaining beliefs about facts in the context of civil trials. The first section contains some remarks about the nature of adjudicative fact-finding and highlights the communicative features of deciding about facts in judicial context. In Sect. 2, some difficulties and the incompleteness presented by Bayesian and coherentist frameworks, which are taken as methods suitable to solve the above-mentioned problems, are pointed out. In the third section, the purely epistemic approach to the justification (...) and the explanation of beliefs about facts is abandoned and focus is given to the dialectical nature of civil procedure, where the parties and, particularly, the judge have to make their reasoning clear enough to allow a fruitful and efficient debate about facts. For this purpose, a communication/argumentation system is put forward, consisting of fourteen intertwined rules of discourse. The system embodies the fundamental epistemic principle according to which belief is updated given new evidence, is tailored for abductive inferences and is structured on fundamental concepts of civil procedural law. The fourth section presents an empirical application of the system to a real case. (shrink)

O ensaio discute as relações entre a produção poética e a experiência pandêmica. Estabelece o movimento identitário do narrador poético entre três modalidades de produção poética. Trata-se de triangulação artística que se envidencia entre Poema Minuto, Diet Poesia e Minimalismus Pandemicus. Para a caracterização do deslocamento intervérsico a tríplice produção artística, vale-se dos conceitos de “celebração móvel” de Hall (2006), das noções de dupla vocalidade da Signifyin(g) e da tripla dimensão de Exu e Iorubás, segundo Gates (1988), além da ideia (...) de política da conversão de West (1994). O ensaio sugere recorrer a uma ética do amor que, segundo West, teria a capacidade de estabelecer uma epistemologia poética com vistas a proteger a terra e fazer um mundo melhor. (shrink)

A estética de Nietzsche pode ser caracterizada como estética da expressividade. É através da expressividade do conjunto de seus escritos que ele constrói a imagem do filósofo-artista. O caminho que vai do filósofo ao filósofo-artista é construído com a aniquilação dos conceitos clássicos da estética e o confronto produtivo do mundo pessoal do filósofo e da arte, apresentados como a criação de novos valores. Para Nietzsche, a criatividade filosófica está a serviço da expressão do seu pensamento enquanto obra de arte (...) e o seu ponto de partida e de chegada é a vida. Partindo dessa concepção de estética e de criatividade, é possível compreender melhor a crítica endereçada à obra de Wagner. (shrink)

Este artigo traça um paralelo entre os eventos da Odisseia e a exploração dos jogos de azar. Para tanto, utilizando-se livremente de várias abordagens filosóficas, é defendido que o ser humano é naturalmente um jogador, com uma liberdade que é restrita a partir do surgimento do Estado. Este, tendo seus desdobramentos representados por Calipso, Cila e Caríbdis, terá que harmonizar essa natureza com seu poder soberano, regulamentando a exploração dos jogos de azar.

O presente tem como finalidade analisar a terapia do reencontro mediado como resgate da cidadania e cultura da paz. Modelo esse proposto por Luiz Alberto Warat. em uma concepção transformadora da mediação, construída para fomentar a autonomia e emancipação dos sujeitos numa relação conflitiva, como um novo paradigma de autoconhecimento. A metodologia utilizada será o hipotético dedutivo e como técnica de pesquisa indireta em doutrinas. A discussão e aprofundamento se dá pelos conceitos da teoria do reencontro mediado proposto com o (...) resgate da cidadania e da cultura de paz. O tema é de abrangente e se justifica pelo debate em torno da mediação na teoria do reencontro mediado. (shrink)

O fenômeno da incorporação do corpo lexical político aristotélico transliterado do grego ao contexto latino do século XIII nos remete a problemas sobre as presenças e ausências terminológicas, não somente na tradução da Política, feita por Guilherme de Moerbeke, e nos comentários de Alberto Magno e Tomás de Aquino ao texto latino de Aristóteles, mas também à possível reverberação desses vocábulos políticos moerbekianos em alguns leitores da Política, no século XIV. Não se trata apenas de veri*cação de quem usou ou (...) não usou tais ou quais termos, nem mesmo da elaboração de juízos sobre esses usos, como que para rotular pensadores; antes, trata-se de tentar individuar, a partir dos usos terminológicos, o surgimento de um novo modo de pensar e compreender a esfera da vida humana que é a dimensão pública, ou melhor, política. Tentaremos compreender, neste artigo, especificamente como emerge, a partir dessa tradução latina da Política, um novo quadro conceitual, a saber: a esfera política. Constataremos que a tradução da Política de Moerbeke consolida um novo vocabulário e um novo quadro conceitual que será, doravante, um dos fundamentos do pensamento político. (shrink)

The article analyzes the translational potentialities of Gates' literary concept of Signifyin. According to the concept, black literary production engenders dual vocality, which clarifies conversation between two black texts, by means of interracial and intrarracial connections. From the black double vocality – race A and race B talk – the translational double vocality is built – language A and language B dialogue. The concept of Negriticeness is responsible for the racial double vocality; the notion of Translatio accounts for the linguistic (...) vocal duality. (shrink)

Ptolomeu de Lucca no De Regimine Principum apresenta uma nova maneira de conceber a ordenação política da cidade, a partir do referencial teórico da tradução latina da Política de Aristóteles. Ptolomeu apresenta novas práticas e ações para os indivíduos que constituem o corpo político da cidade. Há, pode-se supor, uma nova compreensão do contexto político do ponto de vista da estrutura institucional, mas também do ponto de vista dos indivíduos. A noção de regime politicum começa a ser delineada em alguns (...) capítulos em livros II e III, e é o principal assunto do livro IV, onde ela é apresentada como uma novidade conceptual, quer em relação à tradição latina antes da tradução da Política, quer em relação ao aristotelismo político. A novidade é a proposta de Ptolomeu para a disposição política da cidade composta em várias partes. Em tal disposição, o papel e ação dos cidadãos ganham centralidade na estruturação e condução da cidade. Este trabalho pretende mostrar que Ptolomeu é muito inovador em relação à tradição aristotélica, mais especialmente no que respeita ao regime, na qual participação política das pessoas adquire centralidade. (shrink)

Oficina de sociólogo -- O artesanato sociológico em sete narrativas -- Desigualdade e diferença : ciladas da compreensão -- Funções heurísticas das anomalias do trabalho.

The paper examines a possible ethics for the current scenario, in order to bring human beings closer together and awaken in them a feeling of solidarity. For such an examination, at first, theories such as the utilitarianism reviewed by Rawls are questioned. It searches for a valid criterion for all participants of a certain universalism or for a real and non-exclusive “us”. The call for solidarity is proposed as a way of uniting people, as opposed to selfishness. Then solidarity is (...) defended, according to Richard Rorty. This philosopher affirms the need for an agreement among the members of society, because only then would there be a real “we”. Next, there is the question about how to make people more supportive, but without resorting to the traditional metaphysical perspective on humanity: there is a bet on the existence of shared characteristics that lead to democratic equality, however, respecting the differences of each one. It is still questioned what would lead the richest to sympathize with the poorest, observing the proposals made by Rorty about raising awareness, presenting the risk of poverty to the rich and appealing to the feeling of humanity. Finally, Rortyan egalitarianism is considered, according to which solidarity is beyond rationality. It would be historically constituted and based on the relationship with the other, on the common feeling of vulnerability, crucial to society in times of pandemic. (shrink)

An experimental study was designed to analyze the effect of school-based training in self-regulation learning strategies on academic performance. Class-level variables were considered and the effects of the intervention were measured at the end of the intervention and 3 months later. A sample of 761 students from 3rd and 4th grades, from 14 schools, participated in the study. Data were analyzed using three-level analysis with within-student measurements at level 1, between-students within-classes at level 2, and between-classes at level 3. Data (...) showed a positive effect of the intervention on student performance, both at post-test and at follow-up considering the four school subjects together. However, the effect was significant just at follow-up when subjects were considered separately. Student performance was significantly related to the students’ variables and the context. Finally, students’ gender and level of reading comprehension, as well as the teacher’s gender, were found to moderate the effect of the intervention on students’ academic performance. Two conclusions were highlighted: first, data emphasize the importance of considering time while conducting intervention studies. Second, more teaching experience does not necessarily translate into improvements in the quality of students’ instruction. (shrink)

The research team measured the enterprise web accessibility levels of the Forbes 250 largest enterprises using the fully automatic accessibility evaluation tool Sortsite, and presented the compliance of the evaluated websites to WCAG 1.0, WCAG 2.0 and Section 508 accessibility levels. Given the recent attention to organizational leaders having ethical duties towards their dedicated employees, we propose that ‘societal citizenship behaviour’ concerns ethical duties of organizational leaders towards society in general and in particular to those who have less means to (...) assert their needs. In effect, we found enterprise website accessibility levels to be in need of significant improvement. An interpretation of a positive path forward to better enterprise website accessibility levels is put forth based on a focus-group interaction and using BNML—a novel Business Narrative Modelling Language. (shrink)