Education is essential to life, and the epidemic affected everything. Parents want to get their kids the most important teaching. However, since COVID-19 has affected schools and other institutions, providing education has become the most significant issue. Online learning pedagogy uses technology to provide high-quality learning environments for student-centered learning. Further, this study explores the experiences and challenges faced by Filipino tertiary students regarding the lack of gadgets amidst online learning. Employing the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, the findings of this study (...) were: Some college students still have difficulty with online learning. Attending online classes is difficult, especially for students with limited resources. Smartphones, other gadgets, and internet connections play a significant role in online classrooms because they are the ones that students utilize while learning online, which is essential for successful participation in online higher education as well as for solving a variety of other difficulties in the new normal. Further, College students face similar health challenges. Having an online learning setup is not just about students' struggles with learning resources but also about their health issues. When our respondents used their smartphones for an extended period, they reported eye aches and blurred vision. They also said that some of their body parts, such as their legs and back, are aching, and feel pressured because they tend to overthink things in their surroundings, which causes them incredible difficulty in performing their best in attending online classes. Even though college students continue to suffer from a lack of learning resources during online sessions, they do their best to manage their needs and the scarcity of learning resources. Students have unique coping methods for dealing with difficulties in online classes. (shrink)

Filipino's love for the elderly is undeniable. However, despite the respect they have for the elderly, an increasing amount of elderly abandonment is rising in the Philippines. The drastic increase in statistics of abandonment will still grow over the years because aging is inevitable. The primary goal of this study is to dig deeper into the experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of abandoned senior citizens inside of a home for the aged to spread awareness about this certain topic. By the (...) use of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, the study come up with the following findings: (1) The abandoned senior citizens chose to be inside the facility because they don't want to be a burden in their original homes. (2) Faith and religious works affect their psychological well-being. (3) Physical appearance does not affect their self-esteem. (4) Social support boosts their psychological well-being as well. (5) One of the biggest reasons why abandoned senior citizens left their homes is being neglected to cause them to leave and stay in home for the aged (6) Lastly, people inside the facilities accepted the fact that death is drawing closer to them but they don't want to die yet. (shrink)

With the rising poverty in the Philippines, Filipino farm workers in Agusan del Sur faced distinctive challenges in their homes and working environment. This study aimed to discuss Filipino farm workers’ lived experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms. Filipino farm workers shared their experiences that tapped into their psychological aspects. Mainly, the problem was stress, worry, and frustration centered on poverty and educational attainment. Some farm workers were likely unaware of the main problem that prolonged their hardships. Still, most have managed (...) to fortify their mental health. This report indicates that most Filipino farm workers in Agusan del Sur have a healthy psychological well-being. However, this statement does not change the intensity of their struggle to survive. (shrink)

This qualitative study explores the experiences and challenges SPED teachers face amidst the new normal of education. Employing Heidegerian Phenomenology and Interpretative Phenomenology analysis, findings suggest that the SPED teachers can’t enjoy their life outside work because of a lack of support from the government, physically and financially; thus, they experience burnout. Also, the salary they earn is not even enough to raise a family, and the fact that they almost shoulder the learning resources in the class makes it worse. (...) Moreover, the participants need practical training to adapt to the needs of their students amidst the challenges of the new learning modality. (shrink)

Delivery riders became frontline workers who assisted everyone in getting their daily supplies. They transported them to their destinations when the pandemic started, and everyone had to stay home to stop the COVID-19 virus from spreading. Thus, this study explores the experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of 15 Female Delivery Riders in Bulacan, Philippines. The study employed Heideggerian Phenomenology and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Further, the following themes arise: (1) The Realist, (2) The Accommodated, (3) The Vulnerable, and (4) The (...) Determined. These themes highlighted the experiences and challenges faced by the participants. Moreover, it is highly suggested that female employees should be given preferential assistance given their physical capabilities and role in the family. Thus, local government units should provide an alternative source of income that will allow them to have quality time with their family, especially their children. (shrink)

One of the main highlights from last year’s event was the 2022 Philippine National and Local Elections. The Philippine elections involve a lot of people interaction from poll workers and other deputized agencies. Further, this study explores the lived experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of poll watchers during the 2022 Philippine election. Employing the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, the findings of this study were: (1) Filipino workers value a good-paying job and preferred meaningful work. (2) Amidst the experiences and challenges, the (...) poll watchers remain determined and motivated to take part in the seasonal election. (3) Poll watchers must be physically, emotionally, and mentally prepared to participate in this crucial work. Mainly, pollwatching is a self-reliant job. (shrink)

Cycling is one of the typical recreational activities, transportation, and sport among elderly adults in the Philippines. Based on the study, cycling provides many benefits to physical health, promotes well-being, contributes to improved quality of life, and is a great way for elderly adults to prevent depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues. As cycling becomes more prevalent during pandemics, the road has changed to include adding more bicycle lanes. Thus, the researchers explore the lived experiences of senior cyclists, specifically: (...) (1) to describe the experiences, (2) challenges, and (3) coping mechanisms. Correspondingly, the study used fifteen (15) participants in an Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA) procedure. The following findings are drawn from the study: (1) Most of the senior cyclists experienced life-threatening events while cycling, they experienced a high level of satisfaction and happiness, (2) Most senior cyclists are not bothered by the difficulties that others might view as a barrier to them continuing to pedal with passion. (3) Despite all the obstacles they may encounter, senior cyclists choose to get through those challenges by being understanding, patient, and calm. (shrink)

Police officers are vital to maintaining security and the continuity of national functions. Thus, Police officers are more exposed to different kinds of psychological concerns. However, a female in this kind of profession, based on various studies, experienced higher levels of stress because of other factors. Further, the primary goal of this study is to investigate the psychological well-being, lived experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of female police officers. Employing the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, the findings of this study were: (1) (...) Female police officers had conceptualized themselves as brave, flexible, and adaptive. And they cope with stress with positive thinking that results in healthy psychological well-being. (2) Female police officers showed dedication and engagement to serve the people. They even used their resources for the public and sacrificed most of their time in the office. (3) Female police officers' primary motivation to continue their careers is their families, and serving the public brings joy to them. (4) However, female police officers experience disrespect while working in the field, and they always have fear in their life as police officers. Moreover, they need more time to spend with their families. Furthermore, it is highly suggested to provide opportunities for enhancing quality time with their family, specifically with their children. (shrink)

The logic BN4 was defined by R.T. Brady in 1982. It can be considered as the 4-valued logic of the relevant conditional. E4 is a variant of BN4 that can be considered as the 4-valued logic of entailment. The aim of this paper is to define reduced general Routley-Meyer semantics for BN4 and E4. It is proved that BN4 and E4 are strongly sound and complete w.r.t. their respective semantics.

The logic BN4 can be considered as the 4-valued logic of the relevant conditional and the logic E4, as the 4-valued logic of entailment. The aim of this paper is to endow E4 with a 2-set-up Routley-Meyer semantics. It is proved that E4 is strongly sound and complete w.r.t. this semantics.

“Education as a Tool for Combat. From Socrates to Paulo Freire”. In this paper, without seeking to be exhaustive, we intend to take a journey which will enable us to see what a concept of education closely linked to the independence of the “voice of reason” has meant in different historical contexts; we understand this independence, very broadly speaking, as a critical capacity which enables us as human beings to be sufficiently free and, if necessary, to be able to construct (...) autonomously our own judgments in the face of the inertial weight of tradition and the force of the social consensuses which structure the common sense of our time. We can trace this “enlightened tension” through the history of Western thought from Plato to Condorcet, from Kant to Paulo Freire. In this sense, and to conclude, it will be appropriate to assess what role the educational process is taking on in the contemporary era, where the intensive processes of commodification have also come to permeate all aspects of knowledge. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo expondremos y analizaremos algunos de los aspectos más significativos del pensamiento de John Ruskin. Comprobaremos que sus reflexiones sobre el arte en general y sobre la arquitectura en particular están íntimamente conectadas con sus ideas morales, religiosas y sociopolíticas. Fue un enemigo declarado de la civilización industrial, responsabilizándola de haber convertido el mundo en un lugar inhóspito, cruel y feo. Debía comprenderse en toda su profundidad el abismo que media entre la belleza sagrada de una torre (...) gótica y la insufrible fealdad de una chimenea fabril. Pero Ruskin no fue un esteta despreocupado de lo social. Contempló con horror la miseria material y espiritual de esas muchedumbres hacinadas inhumanamente en los suburbios urbanos, la creciente devastación de la naturaleza, el endiosamiento del dinero, la degradación del gusto artístico y el desfallecimiento de las artes. Todos esos fenómenos o procesos estaban ocasionados por una misma lógica económica, injusta y absurda. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo queremos mostrar que la crítica de Marx al modo de producción capitalista no sucumbió al economicismo, puesto que no solo denunció la explotación económica, explicando los aspectos puramente cuantitativos de la extracción de plusvalía. No fue la suya una crítica meramente econométrica. Marx y Engels, al igual que otros teóricos socialistas y no socialistas, comprendieron y denunciaron la degradación espiritual e incluso la desintegración antropológica padecida por millones de seres humanos, en una sociedad sometida al capital. (...) Marx llegó a considerar que el capitalismo también era responsable del ocaso de las artes. (shrink)

En este trabajo, y utilizando como eje la obra de Karl Polanyi, se intenta esbozar una crítica del economicismo y de la sociedad que lo produce, esa sociedad embarcada en un devenir histórico-cultural que bien puede comprenderse como una paulatina totalización económica de la vida humana . Ese es el recorrido crítico que aquí se quiere plantear, siquiera de manera embrionaria.

En el presente trabajo queremos abordar un problema que tiene que ver con la creciente obsolescencia de los seres humanos en el contexto de sociedades que son, al mismo tiempo, ultratecnológicas, hiperconsumistas y de mercado. Pretendemos ahondar críticamente en las condiciones psicosociales y antropológicas de un mundo donde las mujeres y los hombres van quedando _rebasados _por una combinación a veces explosiva de velocidad mercantil y capitalismo mundializado. La tecnofilia, verdadero fetichismo de nuestro tiempo, opera a pleno rendimiento como uno (...) de los discursos ideológicos legitimadores de ese proceso histórico por medio del cual los hombres empequeñecen ante su propia creación; hombres _desbordados _por la potencia apabullante de un conjunto de desarrollos tecnocientíficos que, y esto es crucial, se despliegan con relativa e inquietante autonomía y siguiendo dinámicas que en muchas ocasiones no responden a necesidades humanas reales. La tecnología, que nunca es políticamente inocente, adquiere proporciones y alcances inusitados cuando, además, su despliegue responde a una lógica acumulativa capitalista de carácter ilimitado. Es esta problemática, por lo tanto, la que pretende ser dilucidada desde un marco antropológico y filosófico. (shrink)

In this paper we wish to show the weakness or, to be more precise, the partiality of certain analyses of neoliberal subjectivity. We will do so since it is usually from their point of view that the labour system which is specific to and typical of a tiny portion of the world population is considered as if it were a hegemonic and all-encompassing system, when the truth is that not even in the countries of the Global North is it the (...) widespread system of the majority. With this theoretical approach, which also takes on Western-centric nuances, the ways of life and labour systems of vast human geographies of the South, which do not all fall within the parameters of this subjectivity, are overshadowed. In this regard, the analyses are correct in their description of neoliberal subjectivity, but they are mistaken when it comes to attributing to it the character of universality. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se prueba una hipótesis sencilla pero fascinante, a saber, que el racismo es una realidad estrictamente moderna. No encontraremos teorías específicamente racistas antes del siglo XVIII. Pero pretendemos, además, establecer un sugestivo contraste con el pensamiento español del siglo XVI. El objetivo es corroborar un asunto que tal vez causará asombro a más de uno: la verificable circunstancia de que el racismo está ausente en las doctrinas de aquellos juristas, moralistas, teólogos y humanistas (además de primeros (...) etnólogos) de la España imperial del siglo XVI. (shrink)

In this paper we will reflect on some anti-capitalist components that we will find in certain romantic writers, considering the possibility that this anti-bourgeois tension configures one of the most essential aspects of the romantic criticism of the present. We try to find out if the contents of that romantic “criticism” were collected or assimilated, to a certain extent, by Marx and Engels. And, in the same way, to check if we can still find them in some relevant figures of (...) the Marxist tradition. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se examinará la cuestión de los regionalismos y separatismos que surgieron en España a finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, poniéndose el foco en las reacciones críticas que tales movimientos suscitaron en muchos hombres y mujeres de letras. Se les prestará más atención a José Ortega y Gasset y a Miguel de Unamuno, por su relevancia y repercusión, pero también se analizará lo que otras figuras importantes de la intelectualidad española dijeron sobre dicho tema. (...) No se pretende realizar un recorrido exhaustivo, pues tal propósito desbordaría los límites de un artículo académico. Lo que se ofrece es una exposición de algunos de los hitos más sobresalientes de la mencionada cuestión. Debe añadirse que semejante asunto es completamente actual, toda vez que la España de nuestros días sigue atravesada por semejantes tensiones.foco en las reacciones críticas que tales movimientos despertaron en muchos hombres y mujeres de letras. Se les prestará más atención a José Ortega y Gasset y a Miguel de Unamuno, por su relevancia y repercusión, pero también se analizará lo que otras figuras importantes de la intelectualidad española dijeron sobre el mencionado tema. No se pretende realizar un recorrido exhaustivo, pues tal propósito desbordaría los límites de un artículo académico. Lo que se ofrece es una exposición de algunos de los hitos más sobresalientes de la mencionada cuestión. Debe añadirse que semejante temática es completamente actual, toda vez que la España de nuestros días sigue atravesada por semejantes tensiones. (shrink)

RESUMEN En el presente trabajo pretendemos abordar una problemática que tiene que ver con aquella hipótesis, erigida en corazón de la posmodernidad, que sostenía la radical imposibilidad de construir metarrelatos capaces de hallar un sentido último del devenir histórico. Como corolario de lo anterior, habríamos asistido a una radical deslegitimación del marxismo como teoría capaz de proveer verdadero conocimiento histórico y, por ende, también habría quedado desacreditado como programa político de emancipación. Ubicado como uno de los grandes relatos de la (...) modernidad europea que ya no tendrían nada que ofrecer, y defenestrado como ideología salvífica, el marxismo debe sin embargo dialogar con esa misma crítica para mostrar que todavía tiene legítima potencia a la hora de narrar con sentido algunas de las más determinantes subyugaciones que atenazan a buena parte de la humanidad. ABSTRACT In this paper, we intend to address a problematic which has to do with the hypothesis, established at the very heart of postmodernity, which maintained the radical impossibility of constructing meta-narratives capable of discovering an ultimate meaning of historical evolution. As a corollary of the above, we would have witnessed a radical delegitimation of Marxism as a theory capable of providing true historical knowledge and how it would also therefore have been discredited as a political programme for emancipation. Viewed as one of the great accounts of European modernity which would therefore have nothing to offer, and dismissed as a salvific ideology, Marxism must, nonetheless, dialogue with this criticism in order to show that it still possesses real potential when it comes to narrating meaningfully some of the most decisive subjugations which affect much of the human race. (shrink)

El artículo adelanta una discusión crítica alrededor de la conexión entre el planteamiento de la pregunta por el sentido de ser en general y su desarrollo a través de la analítica ontológica de un ente en particular (del Dasein), resaltando con antelación por qué se trata de uno de los principales problemas internos del tratado Ser y tiempo. Sostengo que la elección del Dasein no es arbitraria y que en ningún caso el tratado es la simple caracterización de un ente (...) en su ser, sino el desarrollo cabal de la problemática ontológica. Para esto, abordo la particular declinación del concepto de fenomenología realizada por Heidegger, la cual permite comprender en qué sentido la posibilidad de toda ontología no metafísica reside en el reconocimiento de una dinámica ontofenomenológica estructural; el juego mostración- ocultamiento del ser en el ente. De ahí que sea a través del Dasein, en cuanto entre arrojado a la posibilidad doblemente articulada de mostrarse desde sí mismo a sí mismo, o de mantenerse oculto para sí mismo, que tal dinámica se puede desplegar ejemplarmente. (shrink)

Valerie Plumwood introduced in "Some false laws of logic" a series of arguments on how the rules Exported Syllogism, Disjunctive Syllogism, Commutation, and Exportation are not acceptable. Based on this we define the class of Plumwood algebras - logical matrices that do not verify any of these theses. Afterwards we provide conditional variants of the characteristic matrix of the logic RM3 that are also Plumwood algebras. These matrices are given an axiomatization based on First Degree Entailment and are endowed with (...) Belnap-Dunn Semantics. Finally we provide results of Soundness and Completeness in the strong sense for each of the defined variants. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo intentaremos adentrarnos en un problema filosófico fundamental, a saber, el problema de la justificación del mal en la historia, y lo haremos tomando como fundamento algunos pasajes hegelianos. El objetivo es comprender cómo la teodicea, transportada desde el campo estrictamente teológico al ámbito de la historia humana, implica poner en juego un dispositivo racionalizador que conlleva, a su vez, una exaltación de la historia como sacrificio, resultando por ello incompatible el llamado «punto de vista de la (...) historia», según este es entendido por Hegel, con la felicidad de los hombres concretos y sufrientes. Esta operación discursiva, en tanto que cumple la función de otorgar sentido a lo que de suyo no lo tiene, también debe comprenderse, por ello mismo, a la vez como poetización mistificadora y como narración justificadora de lo injustificable. De igual modo trataremos de comprender cómo este dispositivo-teodicea se ha introducido en algunos discursos histórico-políticos muy propios y definitorios de la Modernidad; e incluso tendremos ocasión de comprobar que ese mismo dispositivo funciona también en el interior de los discursos de legitimación del capitalismo propuestos desde las versiones más extremas de liberalismo económico. (shrink)

The purpose of this research is the analysis of a specific cultural and political tension, through two decisive concepts: imagocracy and imagomaquia. Our aim is to define the political battlefield in the arena of audiovisual communication. In the case of Latin America, we have identified two significant moments, in which the popular audiovisual strategies had crucial importance. Our material of research has been both the New Latin American Cinema and the sociology of the decolonial image. We have studied them in (...) depth in order to define the effectiveness of popular audiovisual strategies as nuclei of creation and aesthetic-political resistance, which opposes the hegemonic audiovisual order. (shrink)

The logic BN4 was defined by R.T. Brady as a four-valued extension of Routley and Meyer’s basic logic B. The system EF4 is defined as a companion to BN4 to represent the four-valued system of implication. The system Ł was defined by J. Łukasiewicz and it is a four-valued modal logic that validates what is known as strong Łukasiewicz-type modal paradoxes. The systems EF4-M and EF4-Ł are defined as alternatives to Ł without modal paradoxes. This paper aims to define a (...) Belnap-Dunn semantics for EF4, EF4-M and EF4-Ł. It is shown that EF4, EF4-M and EF4-Ł are strongly sound and complete w.r.t. their respective semantics and that EF4-M and EF4-Ł are free from strong Łukasiewicz-type modal paradoxes. (shrink)