This pioneering book presents a reconstitution of Charles Sanders Peirce philosophical system as a coherent architecture of concepts that form a unified theory of reality. Historically, the majority of Peircean scholars adopted a thematic approach to study isolated topics such as semiotics and pragmatism without taking into account the author’s broader philosophical framework, which led to a poor and fragmented understanding of Peirce’s work. In this volume, professor Ivo Assad Ibri, past president of The Charles Sanders Peirce Society and a (...) leading figure in the Brazilian community of Peircean scholars, adopts a systemic approach to Peirce’s thought and presents Peirce’s scientific metaphysics as a deep ontological architecture based on a semiotic logic and on pragmatism as criteria of meaning. Originally published in Portuguese, this book became a classic among Brazilian Peircean scholars by presenting a conceptual matrix capable of providing a clear reference system to ground the thematic studies into the broader Peircean system. Now translated to English, this reviewed, amplified and updated edition aims to make this contributions available to the international community of Peircean scholars and to serve as a tool to understand Peirce’s work in a more systemic way by integrating concepts such as experience, phenomenon, existence and reality, as well as theories such as Chance, Continuity, Objective Idealism, Cosmology and Pragmatism, in a coherent system that reveals Peirce’s complex metaphysical architecture. "As the philosophical reputation of Charles S. Peirce continues to rise to first-tier prominence in the history of American philosophy, Ivo Ibri’s Kósmos Noetós assumes a unique status in both a pioneering and a magisterial work of transcontinental Peirce scholarship. This original work of this internationally renowned scholar and editor, and Professor of Philosophy at the Pontifical Catholic University of San Paulo, penetrates to the heart of Peirce’s architectonic system of phenomenological, metaphysical, and semiotic categories which heuristically characterize our world as “a universe perfused with signs.” Ibri’s own synergistic commentary on the radiating registers of Peirce’s cosmogonically and pragmatistically conceived “one intelligible theory of the universe” also instructively contributes to the illumination of significant nodes of interface with a range of relevant theoretical trends in the contemporary academy; as well, it places Peirce in the company of such thinkers as Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Kant, and Schelling who preceded Peirce in providing a legacy of first-tier reasoning on our intelligibly developing world. Kosmos Noetos impresses as Ibri’s pure, lucid, passionately thought-loving, philosophical articulation of his own and as the indispensable prolegomena to all future Peirce studies." David Dilworth, State University of New York at Stone Brook – USA "Ivo Ibri has offered us in this exquisite work a framing of the inner logic of Charles S. Peirce's core metaphysical vision and its existential implications. It is a deep and nuanced exploration of the internal dynamics of Peirce’s central metaphysical categories, developed through rigorous and detailed attention to the evolution of Peirce’s thought on the ‘vitally important topics’ of the appearing, the reality, and the intelligibility of the world. The two-leveled format of the book, an intricate weaving of Peirce’s texts and discursive elaboration and linkage by Ibri, gives it a distinctive feel and is the bedrock of its value. The book is a remarkable combination of presentation and analysis. It is informed by Ibri’s deep philosophical culture and is a gentle and convincing argument for the centrality of metaphysics in understanding Peirce’s thought. It offers in a new way indispensable suggestions for our own attempts to think about our places in an evolving universe with the aid of Peirce and offers threads of thought to be followed up by others." Robert E. Innis, University of Massachusetts Lowell – USA. (shrink)

This essay focuses on the concept of consciousness in C. S. Peirce’s work, revealing how its ways of being are associated with the three Peircean phenomenological categories. In this article, I intend to reflect on the heuristic power of the mind, namely, its ability to bring about new ideas, which, within Peirce’s logic of inquiry, is called by the well-known term of abduction. The abductive logical step promotes a synthesis of signs that constitutes a logical structure capable of proposing a (...) new mediation or representation of a new phenomenon. I make use of a metaphorical passage from Peirce not only to give the title to this essay, but also to highlight the importance of the first category as a sort of synechistic envelopment of an unprecedented logical structure of signs that composes a new synthesis. Two continua intertwine themselves, namely, those of the first and third categories, to account for what appears as a fact of the world in the theater of secondness. The essay also seeks to bring to light the core realism of Peirce’s philosophy, the genetic aspect of this bottomless lake, through its cosmology, where the generalization of forms and the acquisition of habits of reality are the proper ground of his Objective Idealism. One of the heuristic aspect of the lake metaphor is a sort of invitation to extend the concept of synthesis from the realm of logical structures to that one of arts, which in this essay will remain as a suggestion for a further reflection. (shrink)

Por mente resiliente, quero dizer a capacidade de toda mente de lidar com a dureza da alteridade, que exige um esforço contínuo para permitir o desenvolvimento de hábitos de conduta. O predicado da resiliência vem da capacidade da mente de se autocorrigir, cada vez que esses hábitos perdem sua eficiência mediativa, exigindo, portanto, a reconstrução de novas mediações cognitivas como hábitos de ação. Neste artigo, proponho refletir sobre o conjunto de interpretantes semióticos proposto por Peirce com o objetivo de explorar (...) sua faceta habitual. Com esta linha de análise, pretendo mostrar que a resiliência é uma propriedade necessária que toda mente deve ter no mais alto grau para lidar com o conflito entre interpretantes emocionais e lógicos, onde a predominância do primeiro em detrimento do segundo pode gerar situações agudas de sofrimento psicológico bloqueando o acesso a representações que, de outra forma, poderiam romper a força bruta da alteridade. (shrink)

Is there a poetic ground in Peirce's philosophy? While this question may sound interesting, it is somehow odd, as Peirce is well–known as a logician, and it is also known by scholars that he was not an expert in poetry, literature, art, or even theories concerning art in general. This paper hypothesizes that there is a starting point in his philosophy that is poetical in its nature. Moreover, Peirce's system is obviously logical in its form, but also keeps the spirit (...) of the original silent feeling of poetry that seems to have fascinated him. Also, I claim there is a Schellingian heritage in Peirce's philosophy that is partially responsible for that poetic starting point. This idea also has, as a support, the supposition that a realistic view of the world provides a hypothesis of symmetry between the human and natural worlds, which provides the basic form for his ontological theories and for the theoretical harmony among Peirce's doctrines. This quality of Peirce's philosophy is a kind of a Greek beauty that is only evident for those who can view his thought not in fragments but as a complex system that has the potency of not only answering classical philosophical questions, but also of giving rise to a new philosophy which needs to be further developed. (shrink)

A Estética, uma das ciências normativas da filosofia de Peirce, não tem por objeto o Belo, mas o Admirável, como sabem os estudiosos de sua obra. Contudo, não é imediatamente evidente essa distinção, uma vez que Admirabilidade traz em seu interior o predicado da beleza também. Quais, então, seriam as relações entre ambos esses conceitos? Por que a admirabilidade se credenciaria a ser um fim em si mesma da Estética e se constituir no fim último da Ética? Qual a natureza (...) da experiência estética e como ela pode subsidiar a identificação do que seja o Admirável? Partindo da insistência de que há uma rede de conceitos na filosofia de Peirce, da Fenomenologia à sua Metafísica, que fornece um rico vocabulário para se refletir sobre tais questões, esse ensaio busca mostrar que há na natureza epistemológica do pragmaticismo uma eticidade que embora seja necessária não lhe é suficiente, requerendo-se que a Estética forneça os fins das ações que constituem revelação dos conceitos, à luz das categorias peircianas consideradas estruturantes das relações entre mundos interno e externo, tomados sob uma ótica radicalmente realista. (shrink)

O eixo conceitual deste artigo constitui-se em uma reflexão sobre o realismo de Charles Peirce, buscando mostrá-lo como a base da qual se derivam muitas outras de suas doutrinas filosóficas. Na primeira parte do artigo, são analisados os problemas colocados pelo clássico ensaio peirciano Questões referentes a certas faculdades reivindicadas pelo homem, propondo extrair das consequências dessa análise as diretrizes de um realismo que gradualmente se torna mais radical na obra madura de Peirce. Tais consequências serão consolidadas em sua fenomenologia, (...) uma ciência que fundamentará a semiótica e uma concepção de simetria relacionada às categorias do autor. Essa simetria associada à sua epistemologia e ontologia será, a propósito, onipresente em todo o sistema filosófico peirciano. Na segunda parte do artigo, são discutidos os conceitos de mediação e representação, também sob um viés realista, concluindo que esses conceitos não podem ser coerentemente relacionados nas filosofias nominalistas. Nessas filosofias, encontram-se frequentemente consequências de alguma forma comprometidas com posturas dogmáticas e não dialógicas, se confrontadas com uma análise do significado tal como proposto pelo pragmatismo clássico peirciano. (shrink)

Charles S. Peirce Society 2016 Presidential Address Peirce never could finalize a book or publish it and especially no book on the aesthetic basis of pragmaticism. This is not only a historical note, but has a deeper meaning. It arouses in the attentive reader a strong desire to do what Peirce himself did not have the chance to do: to find a way of linking together his hints and clues in such a way that respects the spirit of his work (...) and not just its letter. This practice of apprehending the spirit is successful, I believe, when, on the one hand, we familiarize ourselves with the author’s text and, on the other, perhaps more importantly, when we initiate this apprehension because the text arouses a feeling of... (shrink)

The conceptual axis of this paper is a reflection on Charles Peirce’s realism, trying to show it as the ground from which many others of his philosophical doctrines are derived. In its first part, the paper analyses the problems posed by the classical Peircean paper Questions Concerning Certain Faculties Claimed for Man, proposing to extract from the consequences of this analysis the guidelines of a realism that gradually become more radical in Peirce’s mature work. Such consequences will be consolidated in (...) his Phenomenology, a science that will ground Semiotics and a conception of symmetry related to Peirce’s categories. This symmetry regarding his epistemology and ontology will be, by the way, omnipresent in all Peircean philosophical system. The second part of the paper discusses the concepts of mediation and representation, also under a realistic background, concluding that these concepts cannot be coherently interlaced in nominalistic philosophies, in which is often found theoretical consequences somehow committed with dogmatic and no dialogic postures, in the sense of a meaning analysis proposed by the classical Peircean pragmatism. (shrink)

Resumo: Neste trabalho procuraremos mostrar como se conciliam, no interior da obra do filósofo norte-americano Charles S. PEIRCE , realismo e idealismo, à luz da construção de sua metafísica. Este ponto que consideramos fulcral para o entendimento de uma série de outras doutrinas correlatas, tem sido mal compreendido ou equivocadamente formulado pela grande maioria dos comentaristas que, não adentrando a genealogia das doutrinas metafísicas peirceanas, procuram, sem sucesso, a partir de um ponto de vista cartesiano, seja antropocêntrico, a conciliação da (...) simultaneidade realismo-idealismo no pensamento do autor.: In this essay we will be trying to show realism and idealism are conciliated, within the work of the North American philosopher Charles S. PEIRCE , under the lights of his metaphysical construction. This point that we consider essential to the understanding of a set of other doctrines has been misunderstood or formulated in an equivocal way by a great amount of commentators, whose approach of the question does note take into account the peircean genealog. (shrink)

There are significant differences between the neopragmatism as formulated by Rorty, based on James’ and Dewey’s pragmatism, and what Peirce, in order to distinguish his own approach from the last two thinkers, called pragmaticism. I take in this paper the concept of solidarity as a focus, from which those differences will be implied, albeit many other points could be chosen. I highlight that the usual Rorty’s sentence beginning with ‘we pragmatists…’ shall necessarily exclude Peirce. Exemplarily, I could mention the concepts (...) of representation, which for Peirce has nothing to do with mirror, and of truth that, for him, also has no relation at all with fixed essences. Those differences will not only mark a very clear border between the two concepts of pragmatism, but also will question how the idea of community can be supported only by dialogical agreements, without the anchor of common open human experience. Pragmaticism and neopragmatism differ not only regarding their specific range of philosophical problems but, moreover, on what kind of problems they really consider as genuinely philosophical. (shrink)

Este texto procura apontar na ontologia das leis naturais de George Berkeley elementos teóricos afeitos à Semiótica e ao Pragmatismo clássico de Charles S. Peirce, tendo por base a possível identidade de propósitos entre os idealismos subjetivo berkeleyano e o de teor objetivo peirciano, ambos comungando a refutação de um dualismo mente-matéria de extração cartesiana. Por outro lado, reflete-se, também, sobre o papel da experiência nestes autores, em que a percepção em Berkeley, fundamental para sua epistemologia encontraria sua condição homóloga (...) em Peirce, a saber, a necessária cognoscibilidade de todo objeto fenomênico. (shrink)

Starting from the exposition of the fundamental guiding principles of Peirce's philosophy, mainly, its three categories viewed under his Phenomenology and its correlated Ontology, I conjecture about three possible dimensions of Time, considering the function of predicting the future course of events with varying degrees of certainty as the main role of our human rationality. In these three dimensions, the affection of the first of the three Peircean categories occurs with differentiated intensity, this first category precisely the one that includes (...) the way of being of the incidence of Chance, either in the course of a natural Chronos, or in the course of a temporality produced by human actions, or also equally having incidence in the spontaneity of a subjective time, assumed here as Kairós. Inspired by the recent experience of the pandemic that devastated all corners of the planet, this conjecture suggests dimensions of a temporality frayed ontologically in different degrees, leading to a corresponding fraying of our predictive rationality, imposing upon us the condition of being characters who are left to bet on the course of future factuality to the detriment of choices that would be feasible if a history circumscribed by an intense incidence of Chance had not occurred. Keywords: Peirce, Pragmatism, Semiotics, Chance, Time. (shrink)

Resumo: Pretende-se refletir sobre o significado de conseqüências práticas, expressão presente na definição de Pragmatismo de C. S. Peirce, tendo em conta sua aproximação com o conceito de experiência possível de Kant. Mais que simplesmente este imediato sentido fenomenológico da expressão, explorar-se-á, também, o seu significado ético, vale dizer, no que respeita ao âmbito da conduta humana em geral, prisma sob o qual Peirce fundamenta sua crítica à inconsistência de ceticismos sustentados apenas em conjeturas teóricas.: We intend to reflect about (...) the meaning of the expression practical consequences that appears in Peirce's definition of Pragmatism, considering the nearness of his meaning to the Kantian concept of possible experience. Beyond the immediate phenomenological sense of that expression, we also intend to explore its ethical meaning, i.e., concerning to the human conduct in general, point of view under which Peirce build the foundation of his critic to the inconsistency of skepticism supported only by theoretical conjectures. (shrink)

This paper intends to expose elements of a Charles S. Peirce's epistemological doctrine, called by him Falibilism. The aim is to show how this doctrine emerge itself from the author's metaphysical theories, like his Evolutionism and categorical structure of Reality, forming a duet with his ontological conception of Chance. In fact, the Falibilism will be considered as the doctrine that is consequence of the Peirce's doble face indeterminism, i.e., at same time ontological and epistemological.Este artigo expõe elementos da doutrina epistemológica (...) de Charles S. Peirce , denominada Falibilismo. Procura-se evidenciar como tal doutrina se desenvolve do interior de teorias metafísicas do autor, a exemplo de seu Evolucionismo e da estrutura categorial da Realidade, formando um dueto com sua concepção ontológica de Acaso. Em verdade, o Falibilismo configurar-se-á como a doutrina que é conseqüência do indeterminismo de dupla face de Peirce, a saber, simultaneamente ontológico e epistemológico. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo procura caracterizar a vital importância da categoria da Primeiridade no interior da filosofia de Charles Peirce, refletindo sobre o papel da liberdade em um contexto de simetria da relação sujeito-objeto e, mais precisamente, considerando as idéias de consciência e mundo. Tenta-se mostrar, também, como a Primeiridade torna-se fundamental para a consideração de uma filosofia genética, tal qual esta pode ser encontrada no pensamento do autor.Palavras-chave: pragmatismo, Peirce, primeiridade, liberdade, filosofia genética.: This paper tries to show the vital (...) importance played by the category of Firstness within Charles Peirce's philosophy, reflecting on the role o freedom in a symmetric relationship between subject-object, and more precisely considering the ideas of consciousness and world. Furthermore, we try to show how Firstness becomes essential to the consideration of a genetic philosophy, as it can be found throughout the author's thought.Key-words: pragmatism, Peirce, Firstness, freedom, genetic Philosophy. (shrink)

A Fixação da Crença (1877) é, provavelmente, um dos mais famosos ensaios entre todos publicados por Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914) em sua vida. Neste ensaio, Peirce propôs quatro métodos segundo os quais as crenças humanas podem se tornar fixas, a saber, tenacidade, autoridade, a priori e científica. Todavia, considero que a riqueza e originalidade deste ensaio ainda não foram suficientemente exploradas, principalmente quando fazemos uso dos conceitos e vocabulário da Semiótica para uma análise mais profunda das consequências pragmáticas desses métodos (...) de fixação. Assim, algumas das questões seguintes podem ser formuladas: quais modos de cognição ou, em outras palavras, quais interpretantes lógicos estão ligados a essas crenças? Que tipo de conjecturas sobre os interpretantes emocionais pode ser proposto, levando em conta sua possível consideração pela psicanálise? Que tipo de ação cada uma suscita, a partir de seu lado externo que permite inferir a natureza geral da respectiva crença com seu lado interno? Essas questões, supostamente, abririam um novo e interessante nível especulativo para entender os quatro tipos de crença e, consequentemente, dos hábitos associados a cada um deles. Para lidar com essas questões, pretendo utilizar o conceito de dialogia semiótica como um processo que oferece continuidade para formas lógicas gerais capazes de comunicação e crescimento. Será ressaltado que, quando essa continuidade for bloqueada ou truncada, as crenças dogmáticas, então, surgirão. (shrink)

Este artigo expõe elementos da doutrina epistemológica de Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914), denominada Falibilismo. Procura-se evidenciar como tal doutrina se desenvolve do interior de teorias metafísicas do autor, a exemplo de seu Evolucionismo e da estrutura categorial da Realidade, formando um dueto com sua concepção ontológica de Acaso. Em verdade, o Falibilismo configurar-se-á como a doutrina que é conseqüência do indeterminismo de dupla face de Peirce, a saber, simultaneamente ontológico e epistemológico.

The first part of this essay provides an analysis of the text “The Law of Mind”, in which Peirce theorizes about the power of growth and spreading of ideas and also presents his response to the classic question about how mind can influence matter. We intended to show, from an analysis focused on the dual semantic meaning of the word “ affect ”, how the author’s rupture with the Cartesian dualism between mind and matter implies in a substantial identity between (...) ideality and reality by means of a metaphysical merging of realism and idealism, where matter is taken to be only a special case of mind . The second part shows how the forms of evolutionism are drawn from the three categories, highlighting the agapism, the doctrine of cosmic and creative love. Finally, we shall argue on how the association between realism and idealism, as well as the considerations of the author’s evolutionism, constitute vital aspects for the justification of the historical success of our human capacity for conjecturing, viz., for proposing successful hypothesis to explain the facts. (shrink)

Resumo: Este trabalho procura evidenciar como o pragmatismo pode subsidiar a análise de sistemas metafísicos, concorrendo para que doutrinas que neles se insiram estejam devidamente ancoradas na Fenomenologia e nas Ciências Normativas, à luz da relação entre as ciências no interior do pensamento peirceano.Desse modo, a Metafísica, do vértice de sua possibilidade pensada por Peirce, deverá exibir suas credenciais como ciência do ser enquanto tal, sem, contudo, perder seu caráter falível e fortemente hipotético, que irá nortear seu campo de pesquisa, (...) cuidando para que nele não se interponha nenhuma limitação decorrente de coisas em si mesmas incognoscíveis.Palavras-chave: metafísica; pragmatismo; lógica; crença.: This paper aims to show how pragmatism can give support to the analysis of metaphysical systems, working for the doctrines that being so considered can be properly grounded in Phenomenology and Normative Sciences, under the hierarchy among the sciences within Peircean thought.Thus, Metaphysics, from the vertex of its possibility thought by Peirce, shall exhibit its credentials as a science of being as such, without loosing its fallible and strongly hypothetical character that will guide its research field, preventing any unknown things-in-themselves from being an obstacle to knowledge.Keywords: metaphysics; pragmatism; logics; belief. (shrink)