The foundation and administration of European Zoological gardens in the 19th century is analized. It is significant of such new institutions, that they are founded in the large cities, and that most of the founders looked at the great models in Paris and London, which are described first. Further it is shown that the change from princely menageries to public Zoological Gardens is caused both by common interests in people's education and pleasure and by scientific aims which leaded to choose (...) the name Zoological “garden” in analogy to botanical gardens. It seems to be characteristic of such public institutions created by citizens in the 19th century that they are mostly supported by commercial or scientific local societies. This is exemplified by describing the administration of the Zoological gardens of Berlin (1841), Frankfurt (1856) and Hamburg (1863), which initiated also research for acclimatization of wild animals. (shrink)

Early zoological researches by P.S. Pallas and K.E. von Baer in their letters to the zoologists of Berlin. The centenaries which are celebrated in 1991 and 1992 in memory of P.S. Pallas (1791) and K.E. von Baer (born 1792) caused the following studies of hitherto unpublished sources, preserved in the collections of the Museum für naturkunde in Berlin. The earliest zoological works of Pallas are discussed in relation to his last publication on the “Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica” which should have been finished (...) in Berlin. Some years after the death of Pallas, Baer also contacted the Berlin zoologists K.A. Rudolphi and M.H. Lichtenstein, asking for help, when he was going to establish zoology and a zoological museum at the University of Königsberg. (shrink)

ZusammenfassungNTM publiziert diesen Aufsatz anläßlich des 80. Geburtstages von Frau Univ.-Doz. Dr., Ilse Jahn mit den besten Wünschen für die Jubilarin. Die Biologiehistorikerin und langjährige Mitarbeiterin des NTM-Boards begeht diesen Geburtstag am 2. Februar 2002. Vorliegender Aufsatz ist ein Vortrag, den sie am 16. November 2000 in Berlin hielt und der als Preprint 175 des Max-Planck-Instituts für Wissenschaftsgeschichte erschien: Dörries, Matthias; Daston, Lorraine; Hagner, Michael (Hrsg.):Wissenschaft zwischen Geld und Geist, Berlin 2001, S. 47–55. Wir danken herzlich für die freundliche Genehmigung (...) zum Abdruck. (shrink)