46 found
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  1.  74
    A Theory of Counterfactuals.Igal Kvart - 1986 - Hackett.
  2. Causation: Probabilistic and counterfactual analyses.Igal Kvart - 2004 - In John Collins, Ned Hall & Laurie Paul (eds.), Causation and Counterfactuals. MIT Press. pp. 359--387.
  3.  63
    Steering-Thrust-Posting Pragmatics.Igal Kvart - manuscript
    This paper outlines the fundamental of a new Pragmatics, formulated in a new conceptual framework, including a new normative system - Conversational Etiquette. It's claimed that it does better than the Gricean system or its offshoots, and covers a much broader domain. It's main new concepts are: Steering-Thrust; Posting; and Pragmatic Stances. Its main applications are: 1. Assertion is a Pragmatic construction, which invokes a raise in the degree of Steering Thrust. 2. 'presupposition' as used in Logic/Linguistics (or what's in (...)
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  4.  31
    A High Token Indicativity Account of Knowledge.Igal Kvart - 2018 - Acta Analytica 33 (3):385-393.
    In this paper, I provide a probabilistic account of factual knowledge, based on the notion of chance, which is a function of an event given a prior history. This account has some affinity with my chance account of token causation, but it neither relies on it nor presupposes it. Here, I concentrate on the core cases of perceptual knowledge and of knowledge by memory. The analysis of knowledge presented below is externalist. The underlying intuition guiding the treatment of knowledge in (...)
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  5.  73
    Transitivity and preemption of causal relevance.Igal Kvart - 1991 - Philosophical Studies 64 (2):125 - 160.
  6. Action-Directed Pragmatics Secures Semantically Autonomous Knowledge.Igal Kvart - manuscript
    In the past couple of decades, there were a few major attempts to establish the thesis of pragmatic infringement – that a significant pragmatic ingredient figures significantly in the truth-conditions for knowledge-ascriptions. As candidates, epistemic contextualism and Relativism flaunted conversational standards, and Stanley's SSI promoted stakes. These conceptions were propelled first and foremost by obviously pragmatic examples of knowledge ascriptions that seem to require a pragmatic component in the truth-conditions of knowledge ascriptions in order to be accounted for. However, if (...)
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  7.  32
    Resolving Bank-Type Puzzles via Action-Directed Pragmatics.Igal Kvart - 2022 - Synthese 200 (4):1-58.
    In this paper I undertake to resolve a main pragmatic puzzle triggered by Bank-type cases. After accepting ‘sanitized’ intuitions about Truth-Values, as reflected in x-phi experiments, the pragmatic puzzle about whether the husband is inconsistent remains, and if he isn’t, which intuitively is the case, how are we to explain it. The context in such cases is pragmatic, with awareness of high risks, and the treatment I propose is pragmatic as well, but not Gricean. I offer a new Pragmatics whose (...)
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  8. Abstract: Cognitive Risk Bias and the Threat to the Semantics of Knowledge Ascriptions.Igal Kvart - manuscript
  9. Lewis’s ’Causation as Influence’.Igal Kvart - 2001 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 79 (3):409 – 421.
    In his ‘Causation as Influence’,1 David Lewis proposed a counterfactual theory of cause which was designed to improve on his previous account.2 Here I offer counter-examples to this new account, involving early preemption and late preemption, and a revised account, which is no longer an influence theory, that handles those counter-examples.
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  10.  76
    (1 other version)Cause and some Positive Causal Impact.Igal Kvart - 1997 - Noûs 31 (s11):401-432.
  11.  31
    Pragmatic Structures for Action‐Directed Pragmatics.Igal Kvart - 2018 - Philosophical Perspectives 32 (1):219-253.
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  12.  23
    The steering thrust phenomenon in action-directed-pragmatics.Igal Kvart - 2020 - Synthese 198 (Suppl 7):1639-1671.
    In this paper I explore the pragmatic phenomenon of Steering Thrust, and specifically how speakers steer others to action and the mechanism that underpins how they so steer. In addition to opening the door to a rich pragmatic domain, understanding the pragmatics of various locutions and assertions in deliberative action-oriented contexts resolves the puzzle of bank-type cases by a pragmatic treatment of the puzzle, and undermines the motivation to seek a semantic remedy, such as via Pragmatic Encroachment. When speakers steer (...)
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  13. Probabilistic cause, edge conditions, late preemption, and discrete cases.Igal Kvart - 2003 - In Phil Dowe & Paul Noordhof (eds.), Cause and Chance: Causation in an Indeterministic World. New York: Routledge. pp. 163-188.
  14.  75
    Quine and Modalities De Re.Igal Kvart - 1982 - Journal of Philosophy 79 (6):295-328.
  15.  96
    Counterfactuals.Igal Kvart - 1992 - Erkenntnis 36 (2):139 - 179.
    In this article I offer an approach to counterfactuals based on a notion of objective probability. It is in the spirit of, though it does not fall squarely under, the metalinguistic model. Thus, it is not developed in terms of possible worlds, or notions parasitic on them (e.g., similarity). Its dominant features are rooted in objective probability and causal relevance (analyzed probabilistically), and thus it is not close in spirit to a maximal similarity or a minimal change approach.
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  16. Seeing that and seeing as.Igal Kvart - 1993 - Noûs 27 (3):279-302.
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  17. A probabilistic theory of knowledge.Igal Kvart - 2006 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 72 (1):1–43.
    In this paper I provide a probabilistic account of factual knowledge,[1] based on the notion of chance.[2] This account has some affinity with my chance account of token causation,[3] but it neither relies on it nor presupposes it. Here I concentrate on the core cases of perceptual knowledge and of knowledge by memory (based on perception). The analysis of knowledge presented below is externalist; but pursuing such an analysis need not detract from the significance of attempts to flesh out justificational (...)
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  18.  93
    Counterfactuals: Ambiguities, true premises, and knowledge.Igal Kvart - 1994 - Synthese 100 (1):133 - 164.
    In this paper I explore the ambiguity that arises between two readings of the counterfactual construction, then–d and thel–p, analyzed in my bookA Theory of Counterfactuals. I then extend the analysis I offered there to counterfactuals with true antecedents, and offer a more precise formulation of the conception of temporal divergence points used in thel–p interpretation. Finally, I discuss some ramifications of these issues for counterfactual analyses of knowledge.
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  19.  86
    Causal independence.Igal Kvart - 1994 - Philosophy of Science 61 (1):96-114.
    In Kvart (1991a), I discussed the analysis of causal relevance presented in A Theory of Counterfactuals (1986) (and first in 1975). I explained there in what respect the notion captured by the analysis of Kvart (1986) is a mere approximation to the requisite notion of causal relevance. In this paper I present another analysis of causal relevance, devoid of the shortcoming of its predecessor. The present analysis of causal relevance is, again, grounded in a chancelike notion of objective probability. The (...)
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  20. Causation: Counterfactual and Probabilistic Analyses.Igal Kvart - 2004 - In John Collins, Ned Hall & Laurie Paul (eds.), Causation and Counterfactuals. MIT Press.
  21. THE CAUSAL-PROCESS-CHANCE-BASED ANALYSIS OF CONTERFACTUALS.Igal Kvart - manuscript
    Abstract In this paper I consider an easier-to-read and improved to a certain extent version of the causal chance-based analysis of counterfactuals that I proposed and argued for in my A Theory of Counterfactuals. Sections 2, 3 and 4 form Part I: In it, I survey the analysis of the core counterfactuals (in which, very roughly, the antecedent is compatible with history prior to it). In section 2 I go through the three main aspects of this analysis, which are the (...)
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  22. A Coding Conception of Action-Directed Pragmatics.Igal Kvart - manuscript
    Igal Kvart A Coding Conception in Action-Directed-Pragmatics -/- I present formal Pragmatics for a domain in Pragmatics that I call Action-Directed Pragmatics, which focuses on the Pragmatic riddle of how implicit contents are conveyed and understood, by adopting a coding model, in which the speaker and addressee simulate each other iteratively in a deliberative context (an ‘action-pregnant’ one). The implicit content, conveyed by a speaker and decoded by her addressee, in such cases, consists in the specified steered-to action, plus modulations (...)
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  23.  41
    Divided Reference.Igal Kvart - 1989 - Midwest Studies in Philosophy 14 (1):140-179.
  24. Rational Assertibility, the Steering Role of Knowledge, and Pragmatic Encroachment.Igal Kvart - manuscript
    Igal Kvart RATIONAL ASSERTIBILITY, THE STEERING ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE, AND PRAGMATIC ENCROACHMENT Abstract In the past couple of decades, there were a few major attempts to establish the thesis of pragmatic encroachment – that there is a significant pragmatic ingredient in the truth-conditions for knowledge-ascriptions. Epistemic contextualism has flaunted the notion of a conversational standard, and Stanley's subject-sensitive invariantism (SSI) promoted stakes, each of which, according to their proponents, play a major role as pragmatic components in the truth conditions of (...)
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  25. The Non-Gradability of 'Know' is not a Viable Argument against Contextualism.Igal Kvart - manuscript
    I argue that 'know' is only partly, though considerably, gradable. Its being only partly gradable is explained by its multi-parametrical character. That is, its truth-conditions involve different parameters, which are scalar in character, each of which is fully gradable. Robustness of knowledge may be higher or lower along different dimensions and different modes. This has little to do with whether 'know' is context-dependent, but it undermines Stanley's argument that the non-gradability of 'know' renders it non-context-dependent.
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  26.  18
    Counterfactuals and Causal Relevance.Igal Kvart - 1991 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 72 (4):314-337.
  27. A Counter-Example to SSI and Contextualism.Igal Kvart - manuscript
    In this paper, I present a counter-example to the two most prominent theories of pragmatic encroachment (regarding knowledge ascriptions): Contextualism (specifically, DeRose's version), and Stanley's Subject-Sensitive Invariantism (SSI). The example is a variation on DeRose's bank case. -/- Key words: Knowledge, knowledge ascriptions, pragmatic encroachment, Stanley, DeRose, bank case, standards, stakes.
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  28.  74
    Probabilistic cause and the thirsty traveler.Igal Kvart - 2002 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 31 (2):139-179.
    In this paper I start by briefly presenting an analysis of token cause and of token causal relevance that I developed elsewhere, and then apply it to the famous thirsty traveler riddle. One general outcome of the analysis of causal relevance employed here is that in preemption cases (early or late) the preempted cause is not a cause since it is causally irrelevant to the effect. I consider several variations of the thirsty traveler riddle. In the first variation the first (...)
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  29. The Counterfactual Analysis of Cause.Igal Kvart - 2001 - Synthese 127 (3):389-427.
    David Lewis’s counterfactual analysis of cause consisted of the counterfactual conditional closed under transitivity.2 Namely, a sufficient condition for A’s being a cause of C is that ∼A > ∼C be true; and a necessary as well as sufficient condition is that there be a series of true counterfactuals ∼A > ∼E1, ∼E1 > ∼E2, . . . , ∼En >∼C (n > 0).
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  30.  70
    Beliefs and believing.Igal Kvart - 1986 - Theoria 52 (3):129-45.
  31.  53
    Overall Positive Causal Impact.Igal Kvart - 1994 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 24 (2):205 - 227.
  32. The Paradox Of Surprise Examination.Igal Kvart - 1978 - Logique Et Analyse 21 (82):337-344.
     
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  33. A Short Outline of the Indicativity Theory of Knowledge.Igal Kvart - manuscript
    Abstract In this paper I present a short outline of an Indicativity Theory of Knowledge, for the cases of Perceptual Knowledge and Knowledge by Memory. I explain the main rationale for a token-indicativity approach, and how it is fleshed out precisely in terms of chances. I elaborate on the account of the value of knowledge it provides, and what that value is. I explain why, given the rationale of conceiving Knowledge as token indicativity, separate sub-accounts in terms of chances should (...)
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  34.  68
    The Hesperus-Phosphorus case.Igal Kvart - 1984 - Theoria 50 (1):1-35.
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  35.  53
    (2 other versions)Kripke’s Belief Puzzle.Igal Kvart - 1983 - Philosophy Research Archives 9:369-412.
    This article offers a resolution of Kripke’s well-known belief puzzle.
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  36.  77
    Mediated Reference and Proper Names.Igal Kvart - 1993 - Mind 102 (408):611 - 628.
  37.  31
    The epistemic significance of non-epistemic factors: an introduction.Andrea Robitzsch, Nikola Kompa & Igal Kvart - 2022 - Synthese 200 (3):1-11.
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  38.  24
    Corrections to Igal Kvart, "Cause and Some Positive Causal Impact," Philosophical Perspectives, 11, Mind, Causation, and World, 1997.Igal Kvart - 1999 - Noûs 33 (s13):519-520.
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  39.  41
    On Putnam's counterexample toa theory of counterfactuals.Igal Kvart - 1987 - Philosophical Papers 16 (3):235-239.
  40. A super-light survey of the probabilistic account of knowledge.Igal Kvart - manuscript
    The two main insights of the account that are at the heart of the notion of knowledge are that the belief that p amounts to high token indicativity of the fact that p, and that knowledge endows high level of immunity from error. In this outline we shall deal with perceptual knowledge and perception-based memory. For these modes of knowledge, another condition is required, beyond that of high token indicativity, which secures the appropriate discriminability condition for knowledge. These conditions will (...)
     
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  41.  76
    A theory of thinker reference.Igal Kvart - 1994 - Philosophical Studies 74 (3):291-323.
  42. Contrafácticos.Igal Kvart - 1988 - Dianoia 34 (34):93.
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  43. Can counterfactuals save mental causation?Igal Kvart - unknown
    In this paper I rely on my account of counterfactuals in order to argue that supervenience and epiphenomenalism are incompatible. This argument is strong when directed against a freestanding epiphenomenalism. Along the way I will also argue that Davidson’s argument in favor of mental causation is not valid. A crucial intermediate point in the argument is the issue of counterfactual transitivity. I argue that, even though in general counterfactual transitivity is invalid, a valid sub-inference can be specified. I also specify (...)
     
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  44. Causal relevance.Igal Kvart -
    The problem facing us in this paper is that of how to analyze the notion of causal relevance. This is the inverse relation of causal dependence: A is causally irrelevant to C iff C is causally independent of A. As an example of causal relevance, consider: Example 1: A - The American astronaut on Mir scratched his left ear exactly an hour ago B - I am writing this paper right now. Intuitively, A was not causally relevant to B. It (...)
     
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  45.  23
    The Objective Dimension of Believing "De Re".Igal Kvart - 1992 - Critica 24 (70):83-107.
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  46. The omnipotence puzzle.Igal Kvart - 1982 - Logique Et Analyse 25 (97):75.
     
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