In the end of the 60s Roland Barth, Julia Kristeva, and Michel Foucault provoked a rising tide of interest in the problem of literary authorship that almost was forgotten by western literary criticism at the time. The French scientists said a little new in essence comparing with the school of ‘new criticism‘, in which at least since the 20s of the last century the concept of author was driven to periphery of literary work. Roland Barth simply announces that author is (...) dead. The most important issue being elicited from the articles written by Roland Barth and Michel Foucault on the theory of authorship can be sound like this: the category of author is not an eternal but historically coming entity and its genesis started not earlier than in early Modern age. The examples regarded by Michel Foucault unambiguously lead to the phenomenon of William Shakespeare. Michel Foucault had underlined that a ‘function of author‘ is the constitutive part of any literary work. However, this category does not exist a priori; it needs a complicate procedure, which differs for different literary works and ages. This procedure is not the mere index to the concrete human being. The reason is not in the fact that these beings can be counted more than one or the name on the title does not belong to any of human beings. The matter is the author ought to be connected with the literary work in a special way. (shrink)

Inmunhak iran muŏt in'ga (T'onghap ŭi inmunhak, 2009) -- Tungji ŭi ch'ŏrhak (2010) -- Chonjae wa p'yohyŏn (2010) -- Mallarŭme ka mal hanŭn 'idea' ŭi kaenyŏm (Sorŭbon Taehakkyo paksa nonmun) -- P'ol Palleri e issŏsŏ chisŏng kwa hyŏnsil kwaŭi pyŏnjŭngpŏp ŭrosŏŭi si (Sŏul Taehakkyo sŏksa nonmun).

Ch'ŏrhak iran muŏt in'ga (1976) -- Hyŏnsanghak kwa punsŏk ch'ŏrhak (1977) -- Inyŏm kwa chilli, kŭrigo todŏk.

By focusing on the works and intellectual network of the Timurid historian Sharaf al Dīn ʻAlī Yazdī (d.1454), this book presents a holistic view of intellectual life in fifteenth century Iran. İlker Evrim Binbaş argues that the intellectuals in this period formed informal networks which transcended political and linguistic boundaries, and spanned an area from the western fringes of the Ottoman State to bustling late medieval metropolises such as Cairo, Shiraz, and Samarkand. The network included an Ottoman revolutionary, a Mamluk (...) prophet, and a Timurid occultist, as well as physicians, astronomers, devotees of the secret sciences, and those political figures who believed that the network was a force to be taken seriously. Also discussing the formation of an early modern Islamicate republic of letters, this book offers fresh insights on the study of intellectual history beyond the limitations imposed by nationalist methodologies, established genres, and recognized literary traditions. (shrink)

This book offers a critical survey of the origins of liberalism. It challenges the widely-held belief among philosophers that liberalism developed in opposition to religion. Beginning with the Protestant Reformation, it illustrates how Christian thinkers reinterpreted Christianity and used a set of biblical presuppositions from their reinterpretations to develop the first liberal ideas, starting a process that culminates in the birth of the first systematic liberal political philosophy in the writings of a Christian philosopher, John Locke. -/- Foreworded by Michael (...) A. Gillespie, the author of The Theological Origins of Modernity, this book explains how the Protestant Reformation, covenant theology, anti-trinitarianism, and medieval Christian natural law theories formed the foundations of liberalism. Thus, the main argument of this book is that liberalism is better understood as a socio-political project of theistic rationalism, a radical reinterpretation of Christianity that emerged in the post-Reformation and early modern period. (shrink)

Intended for high school and college students studying ancient Greece and Rome as part of a larger world history curriculum, this book's coverage of key wars and battles; important leaders, armies, organizations, and weapons; and other aspects of conflict will enable readers to better understand the complex role warfare played in ancient Western civilization.

Suhrawardī, Yaḥyá ibn Ḥabash. ; Islamic philosophy. ; Ishraqiyah.