This book is an unprecedented consideration of the challenges of what we can do for generations yet to come. Many growing intergenerational conflicts of interest, such as climate change and fiscal sustainability, are the result of the historically new progress of increasing human power, and the resolution of those conflicts demands a new intergenerational ethic. The book offers fresh new ideas for resolving intergenerational conflicts through the exploration of an entirely new field, conceptualized in philosophy, developed in economics, and tested (...) in experiments. In particular, this work develops the theory of intergenerational cooperation based on a new relationship of direct reciprocity between generations. From experimental results, the possibility of intergenerational cooperation through Kantian categorical imperative is shown. The book also examines the effectiveness of inviting representatives of future generations, which are called "imaginary future generations", into the deliberations for current policy decisions. The original Japanese edition of this book was awarded the 66th Nikkei Prize for Excellent Books in Economic Science. The prize was established in 1958 to contribute to the advancement of academics and knowledge in the fields of economics, management, and accounting, as well as to its general dissemination and application. (shrink)

A survey of high school student expectations on biotechnology was made, including the information, where it came from, how information resources influence their scientific thoughts. GM crops were used as the theme of biotechnology, because the technology is concerned with food which all people have a relationship with. From the 977 responses obtained from 8 high schools it was found most high schools' students expected benefits and risks from biotechnology. A wide variety of fruits and vegetables improvements were given when (...) students were asked to think about how they would improve their favourite fruit and vegetable. The information given by mass media tended to increase the feeling that science was risky. (shrink)

Il primo volume di Figure del pensiero medievale, come recita il titolo, presenta “i fondamenti” e gli “inizi” della figura della teologia che verrà elaborata nella riflessione occidentale fino alla “Via moderna”, ossia fino al XIV e agli inizi del XV secolo. Né si tratta soltanto degli inizi cronologici: i vari saggi editi nel volume delineano, infatti, gli inizi metodologici, in certo modo esemplari, che avviano e determinano la forma della teologia, quale verrà in seguito elaborata. Il capitolo introduttivo offre (...) una sintesi della teologia medievale, con le sue fonti e i suoi riferimenti e processi fondamentali. Seguono poi i grandi modelli: Agostino, con la fede che genera l'"intelletto teologico"; Boezio, con le sue esemplari attuazioni o i suoi "opuscoli" della teologia risultante dall'investimento razionale della stessa fede; Gregorio, che resterà il geniale ispiratore della teologia come “intelligenza spirituale”, come lettura di tutte le risorse dei significati biblici, destinati ad avverarsi come esperienza; lo Pseudo-Dionigi, il maestro della teologia come inesausta ricerca e desiderio di Dio come di inarrivabile trascendenza, e impossibilità di "possesso", di là da ogni rappresentatività e simbolo; Isidoro di Siviglia, con il suo enciclopedismo, mirante alla visione il più possibile comprensiva della realtà della natura e della storia. (shrink)

While the world rushed to develop treatments for COVID-19, some turned hopefully to drug repurposing. However, little study has addressed issues of drug repurposing in emergency situations from a broader perspective, taking into account the social and ethical ramifications. When drug repurposing is employed in emergency situations, the fairness of resource distribution becomes an issue that requires careful ethical consideration.This paper examines the drug repurposing in emergency situations focusing on the fairness using Japanese cases. Ethical issues under these circumstances addressed (...) by the authors include: maintaining the evidence level, integrity of clinical research ethics, and voluntary consent by original indication patients. In order to address these issues, they argue that rapid accumulation of ethically and scientifically valid evidence is required, as is obtaining information on resource quantity. (shrink)

Les sceaux des archives de Paphos datent d'entre le milieu du ne et la fin du Ier s. av. J.-C. La présence, sur certains sceaux, d'inscriptions en syllabaire chypriote ou de simples signes syllabiques apporte la preuve que l'écriture syllabique était employée à Chypre — certes de façon sporadique — au cours de ces siècles. C'est là une donnée nouvelle, puisque, d'après les documents connus jusque-là (inscriptions du sanctuaire rural de Kafi- zin), l'utilisation de cette écriture avait cessé à la (...) fin du me s. av. J.-C. (shrink)

Στό Μουσεῖο Λευκωσίας ἕνα πήλινο εἰδώλιο παριστάνει μιά γυναίκα μέ χιτώνα καί ἱμάτιο νά σηκώνει ἀριστερά στήν ἀγκαλιά της ἕνα παιδί (κουροτρόφος). Μέ τό δεξί της χέρι κρατάει ἀπό τά πισινά πόδια ἕνα κουνέλι ἤ λαγό : πρόκειται μᾶλλον γιά σκηνή παρμένη ἀπό τήν καθημερινή ζωή παρά ή θεά 'Αφροδίτη, ὅπως ἔχει ταυτιστῆ τό εἰδώλιο αὐτό μέ ἀφορμή περισσότερο τήν ἐπιγραφή ποὖναι χαραγμένη στό πίσω μέρος : « Έπαφρᾶς θειοποιός ἐποί[ει ἤ -ησε] ». Παρόλο πού ή κοροπλαστική ἔχει μεγάλη παράδοση (...) στή Κύπρο κατέχομε λιγοστά ὀνόματα κοροπλαστῶν. (shrink)

The term “modernity” is used to refer to the cultural component of modernization, which encompasses also the political component (state formation) and economic component (capitalism). Historical analysis shows that in the phases of merchant and Dutch capitalism the dominant culture provided a religious justification and stimulus to capitalism, the Scottish philosophers provided an ethical framework based on human sentiments, especially empathy. With the secularization and turbulence of the 19th century a series of cultural critiques of the capitalist system emerged in (...) the form of “modernism”, “postmodernism” and finally “global civil society”. Presently, we experience a hiatus between certain counter-cultural movements and the capitalist system as well as an ideological divide and a political impasse between social policy concerns and capitalist priorities. A human-centered cultural framework is proposed to serve as a tool for “civil society” to formulate societally agreed guidelines of political economy. (shrink)

El artículo es una reflexión que propone repensar la investigación educativa desde el enfoque cualitativo. El objetivo es describir y comprender sobre las distintas vertientes de la investigación educativa, el enfoque cualitativo en el campo de las educaciones; problematizar sobre el diseño del plan; explicar a la historia oral como método de investigación en el estudio de la educación y reflexionar sobre el rol del investigador. En suma, se plantea pensar la investigación educativa desde el enfoque cualitativo, por un lado, (...) porque permite comprender que los procesos de investigación y construcción de conocimiento son de forma participativa, colaborativa y dialógica; por otro lado, problematizar la posición del investigador en la investigación. Palabras clave: Investigación cualitativa, educación y enfoque cualitativo, plan de investigación, métodos cualitativos, historia oral y educación. (shrink)

明治時代の“知と行動の巨人”の思想に迫る!東洋大学創立者、妖怪博士、近代仏教復興の立役者...と獅子奮迅の活躍を見せた井上円了。その業績を支えた独自の世界観・人生観を原典に基づきながら解明。.