A mechanism-based approach was developed focusing on the psychodynamic, psychological and neuronal mechanisms in healthy and depressed persons. In this integrative concept of depression, the self is a core dimension in depression. It is attributed to negative emotions (e.g., failure, guilt). The increased inward focus in depression is connected with a decreased environmental focus. The development of neuropsychodynamic hypotheses of the altered self-reference is based on the investigation of the emotional-cognitive interaction in depressed patients. It may be hypothesized that the (...) increased negative self-attributions—as typical characteristics of an increased self-focus in depression—may result from altered neuronal activity in subcortical-cortical midline structures in the brain, especially from hyperactivity in the cortical-subcortical midline regions and hypoactivity in the lateral regions. The increased resting state activity in depression is especially associated with an increased resting state activity in the default mode network (DMN) and a dysbalance between DMN and executive network (EN) activity. Possible therapeutic consequences of the neuropsychodynamic approach to depression involve the necessary emotional attunement in psychotherapy of depressed patients and the adequate timing of therapeutic interventions. The hypotheses which have been developed in the context of the neuropsychodynamic model of depression may be used for more specific psychotherapeutic interventions, aiming at specific mechanisms of compensation and defence, which are related to the increased resting state activity and the disturbed resting state-stimulus-interaction. (shrink)

This article revises some of the main elements within Peirce’s general theory of signs and their relationship with discourse analysis. Our discussion focuses on the dialogues between researchers in the areas of semiotics and discourse analysis to follow up interdisciplinary studies on the processes of language signification. The article firstly relates the Peircean trivium and discourse analysis; secondly, examines Pignatari’s analysis on the relations between verbal and non-verbal codes; and, thirdly, discusses Peirce’s footprints in the development of the Linguistic Turn, (...) especially through his influence in pthe works of Wittgenstein, Grice and Austin. The article concludes that such interdisciplinary postmodern dialogues can be used for the development of more grounded modalities of pragmatic discourse analyses. (shrink)

We study a notion ofpartial primitive recursion (p.p.r.) including the concept ofparallelism in the context of partial continuous functions of type level one in the sense of [Krei], [Sco82], [Ers]. A variety of subrecursive hierarchies with respect top.p.r. is introduced and it turns out that they all coincide.

Mindfulness-based training programs are highly established in competitive and recreational sports. One of the best-known approaches is the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment Approach by Gardner and Moore), which integrates mindfulness aspects of awareness, non-judgmental attitude, and focus. Based on these aspects, Thienot and colleagues developed and validated an English language sport-specific questionnaire, the so-called Mindfulness Inventory for Sport, for the assessment of mindfulness skills in athletes. The aim of this study is to psychometrically test a German language version of the MIS. To assess (...) the psychometric properties, the MIS-D was examined in an online survey with an integrated test–retest design for reliability, validity, and measurement invariance. The present results support the psychometric quality of the German language version of the MIS. Necessary replications should among others focus on checking the measurement invariance for further relevant subgroups. (shrink)

Bundel artikelen over de complexe verhouding van de filosofie tot haar eigen geschiedenis.

A key problem in implicit complexity is to analyse the impact on program run times of nesting control structures, such as recursion in all finite types in functional languages or for-do statements in imperative languages.Three types of programs are studied. One type of program can only use ground type recursion. Another is concerned with imperative programs: ordinary loop programs and stack programs. Programs of the third type can use higher type recursion on notation as in functional programming languages.The present approach (...) to analysing run time yields various characterisations of fptime and all Grzegorczyk classes at and above the flinspace level. Central to this approach is the distinction between “top recursion” and “side recursion”. Top recursions are the only form of recursion which can cause an increase in complexity. Counting the depth of nested top recursions leads to several versions of “the μ-measure”. In this way, various recent solutions of key problems in implicit complexity are integrated into a uniform approach. (shrink)

In einer qualitativen Interviewstudie zur Situation und zu Veränderungen in deutschen Krankenhäusern berichteten GeschäftsführerInnen und ÄrztInnen übereinstimmend von hohem und zunehmendem Druck, mittels der medizinisch-pflegerischen Leistungen Gewinne machen zu müssen. Während die GeschäftsführerInnen dabei jedoch bei patientenbezogenen ärztlichen Entscheidungen keine ethischen Konflikte sahen, berichteten ÄrztInnen von erheblichen Verletzungen des ärztlichen Ethos. Während die GeschäftsführerInnen erklärten, sie würden von den ÄrztInnen „ethisch korrektes Entscheiden“ erwarten, berichteten ÄrztInnen, dass die Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Arbeit die Unabhängigkeit ärztlicher Entscheidungen untergrüben, indem betriebswirtschaftliche Interessen die Medizin (...) korrumpierten. Entscheidungen zur stationären Aufnahme, zur Wahl der Behandlungsprozesse und zur Entlassung der PatientInnen seien in zunehmendem Maße an wirtschaftlichen Interessen des Hauses und damit nicht allein an den medizinischen Bedarfen der PatientInnen orientiert. GeschäftsführerInnen bewerteten die Unabhängigkeit ärztlicher Entscheidungen hoch, während ÄrztInnen diese als deutlich eingeschränkt bezeichneten. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf ungelöste Konflikte zwischen Medizinethik und „Ökonomie“. Organisationsethik ist zur Vermittlung auf der Ebene der Krankenhäuser und des Gesundheitswesens insgesamt gefordert. Sie muss sich darüber hinaus mit der Wissensproduktion im Feld der Versorgungs- und Qualitätsforschung kritisch auseinandersetzen. (shrink)

An exact formulation of the frequency interpretation of probability is proposed on the basis of G. Ludwig's concept of physical theories. Starting from a short outline of this concept, a formal definition of weak approximate reduction is developed, which covers the reduction of probability to frequency as a special case.