63 found
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  1. Robot carers, ethics, and older people.Tom Sorell & Heather Draper - 2014 - Ethics and Information Technology 16 (3):183-195.
    This paper offers an ethical framework for the development of robots as home companions that are intended to address the isolation and reduced physical functioning of frail older people with capacity, especially those living alone in a noninstitutional setting. Our ethical framework gives autonomy priority in a list of purposes served by assistive technology in general, and carebots in particular. It first introduces the notion of “presence” and draws a distinction between humanoid multi-function robots and non-humanoid robots to suggest that (...)
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  2.  99
    Appropriate methodologies for empirical bioethics: It's all relative.Jonathan Ives & Heather Draper - 2009 - Bioethics 23 (4):249-258.
    In this article we distinguish between philosophical bioethics (PB), descriptive policy orientated bioethics (DPOB) and normative policy oriented bioethics (NPOB). We argue that finding an appropriate methodology for combining empirical data and moral theory depends on what the aims of the research endeavour are, and that, for the most part, this combination is only required for NPOB. After briefly discussing the debate around the is/ought problem, and suggesting that both sides of this debate are misunderstanding one another (i.e. one side (...)
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  3.  61
    Telecare, Surveillance, and the Welfare State.Tom Sorell & Heather Draper - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics 12 (9):36-44.
    In Europe, telecare is the use of remote monitoring technology to enable vulnerable people to live independently in their own homes. The technology includes electronic tags and sensors that transmit information about the user's location and patterns of behavior in the user's home to an external hub, where it can trigger an intervention in an emergency. Telecare users in the United Kingdom sometimes report their unease about being monitored by a ?Big Brother,? and the same kind of electronic tags that (...)
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  4.  36
    COVID-19 and beyond: the ethical challenges of resetting health services during and after public health emergencies.Paul Baines, Heather Draper, Anna Chiumento, Sara Fovargue & Lucy Frith - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (11):715-716.
    COVID-19 continues to dominate 2020 and is likely to be a feature of our lives for some time to come. Given this, how should health systems respond ethically to the persistent challenges of responding to the ongoing impact of the pandemic? Relatedly, what ethical values should underpin the resetting of health services after the initial wave, knowing that local spikes and further waves now seem inevitable? In this editorial, we outline some of the ethical challenges confronting those running health services (...)
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  5.  45
    Evaluation of artificial intelligence clinical applications: Detailed case analyses show value of healthcare ethics approach in identifying patient care issues.Wendy A. Rogers, Heather Draper & Stacy M. Carter - 2021 - Bioethics 35 (7):623-633.
    Bioethics, Volume 35, Issue 7, Page 623-633, September 2021.
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  6.  54
    Altruism in organ donation: an unnecessary requirement?: Table 1.Greg Moorlock, Jonathan Ives & Heather Draper - 2014 - Journal of Medical Ethics 40 (2):134-138.
    Altruism has long been taken to be the guiding principle of ethical organ donation in the UK, and has been used as justification for rejecting or allowing certain types of donation. We argue that, despite this prominent role, altruism has been poorly defined in policy and position documents, and used confusingly and inconsistently. Looking at how the term has been used over recent years allows us to define ‘organ donation altruism’, and comparing this with accounts in the philosophical literature highlights (...)
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  7. Patients' responsibilities in medical ethics.Heather Draper & Tom Sorell - 2002 - Bioethics 16 (4):335–352.
    Patients have not been entirely ignored in medical ethics. There has been a shift from the general presumption that ‘doctor knows best’ to a heightened respect for patient autonomy. Medical ethics remains one–sided, however. It tends (incorrectly) to interpret patient autonomy as mere participation in decisions, rather than a willingness to take the consequences. In this respect, medical ethics remains largely paternalistic, requiring doctors to protect patients from the consequences of their decisions. This is reflected in a one–sided account of (...)
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  8.  39
    Activism, Bioethics and Academic Research.Heather Draper - 2019 - Bioethics 33 (8):861-871.
    This article sketches a taxonomy of the activities in which bioethics academics engage, including activities that may make their own research more impactful, from little or no engagement outside academia to activism or extreme activism. This taxonomy, the first of its kind, may be useful in determining what obligations bioethics academics have in relation to activism and activities that fall short of activism.
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  9.  27
    Bioethics and activism.Heather Draper, Greg Moorlock, Wendy Rogers & Jackie Leach Scully - 2019 - Bioethics 33 (8):853-856.
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  10. Anorexia Nervosa and Respecting a refusal of life‐prolonging Therapy: A Limited Justification.Heather Draper - 2000 - Bioethics 14 (2):120–133.
    People who suffer from eating disorders often have to be treated against their will, perhaps by being detained, perhaps by being forced to eat. In this paper it is argued that whilst forcing compliance is generally acceptable, there may be circumstances under which a sufferer's refusal of consent to treatment should be respected. This argument will hinge upon whether someone in the grip of an eating disorder can actually make competent decisions about their quality of life. If so, then the (...)
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  11.  85
    Ethical values and social care robots for older people: an international qualitative study.Heather Draper & Tom Sorell - 2017 - Ethics and Information Technology 19 (1):49-68.
    Values such as respect for autonomy, safety, enablement, independence, privacy and social connectedness should be reflected in the design of social robots. The same values should affect the process by which robots are introduced into the homes of older people to support independent living. These values may, however, be in tension. We explored what potential users thought about these values, and how the tensions between them could be resolved. With the help of partners in the ACCOMPANY project, 21 focus groups (...)
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  12.  13
    Neither ‘Crisis Light’ nor ‘Business as Usual’: Considering the Distinctive Ethical Issues Raised by the Contingency and Reset Phases of a Pandemic.Anna Chiumento, Caroline Redhead, Paul Baines, Sara Fovargue, Heather Draper & Lucy Frith - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (8):34-37.
    We have been researching the distinctive ethical issues raised by what we have called “the reset period,” when non-Covid services resumed alongside the continuing pandemic in the UK. In this commen...
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  13.  42
    Empathy, social media, and directed altruistic living organ donation.Greg Moorlock & Heather Draper - 2018 - Bioethics 32 (5):289-297.
    In this article we explore some of the ethical dimensions of using social media to increase the number of living kidney donors. Social media provides a platform for changing non-identifiable ‘statistical victims’ into ‘real people’ with whom we can identify and feel empathy: the so-called ‘identifiable victim effect’, which prompts charitable action. We examine three approaches to promoting kidney donation using social media which could take advantages of the identifiable victim effect: institutionally organized campaigns based on historical cases aimed at (...)
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  14. Telecare, remote monitoring and care.Heather Draper & Tom Sorell - 2012 - Bioethics 27 (7):365-372.
    Telecare is often regarded as a win/win solution to the growing problem of meeting the care needs of an ageing population. In this paper we call attention to some of the ways in which telecare is not a win/win solution but rather aggravates many of the long-standing ethical tensions that surround the care of the elderly. It may reduce the call on carers' time and energy by automating some aspects of care, particularly daily monitoring. This can release carers for other (...)
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  15. ‘Equivalence of care’ in prison medicine: is equivalence of process the right measure of equity?Anna Charles & Heather Draper - 2012 - Journal of Medical Ethics 38 (4):215-218.
    In recent years, the principle of equivalence has been accepted in many countries as the standard against which healthcare provision for prisoners should be measured. There are several ways in which this principle can be interpreted, but current policy in the UK and elsewhere seems to focus on the measurement and achievement of equivalence in the process of healthcare provision. We argue that it is not appropriate to apply this interpretation to all aspects of prisoner healthcare, as it does not (...)
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  16.  65
    Obesity, Liberty and Public Health Emergencies.Jonathan Herington, Angus Dawson & Heather Draper - 2014 - Hastings Center Report 44 (6):26-35.
    Widespread obesity poses a serious challenge to health outcomes in the developed world and is a growing problem in the developing world. There has been a raft of proposals to combat the challenge of obesity, including restrictions on the nature of food advertising, the content of prepared meals, and the size of sodas; taxes on saturated fat and on calories; and mandated “healthy-options” on restaurant menus. Many of these interventions seem to have a greater impact on rates of obesity than (...)
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  17.  36
    Pre-mortem interventions for donation after circulatory death and overall benefit: A qualitative study.Aisha Gathani, Greg Moorlock & Heather Draper - 2016 - Clinical Ethics 11 (4):149-158.
    This article explores how the type of consent given for organ donation should affect the judgement of a patient's overall benefit with regards to donation of their organs and the pre-mortem interventions required to facilitate this. The findings of a qualitative study of the views of 10 healthcare professionals, combined with a philosophical analysis inform the conclusion that how consent to organ donation is given is a reliable indicator only of the strength of evidence about views on donation and subsequent (...)
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  18.  77
    Euthanasia.Heather Draper & Anne Slowther - 2008 - Clinical Ethics 3 (3):113-115.
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  19. Is sex-selective abortion morally justified and should it be prohibited?Wendy Rogers, Angela Ballantyne & Heather Draper - 2007 - Bioethics 21 (9):520–524.
    ABSTRACT In this paper we argue that sex‐selective abortion (SSA) cannot be morally justified and that it should be prohibited. We present two main arguments against SSA. First, we present reasons why the decision for a woman to seek SSA in cultures with strong son‐preference cannot be regarded as autonomous on either a narrow or a broad account of autonomy. Second, we identify serious harms associated with SSA including perpetuation of discrimination against women, disruption to social and familial networks, and (...)
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  20.  24
    Using symbiotic empirical ethics to explore the significance of relationships to clinical ethics: findings from the Reset Ethics research project.Caroline A. B. Redhead, Lucy Frith, Anna Chiumento, Sara Fovargue & Heather Draper - 2024 - BMC Medical Ethics 25 (1):1-15.
    Background At the beginning of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, many non-Covid healthcare services were suspended. In April 2020, the Department of Health in England mandated that non-Covid services should resume, alongside the continuing pandemic response. This ‘resetting’ of healthcare services created a unique context in which it became critical to consider how ethical considerations did (and should) underpin decisions about integrating infection control measures into routine healthcare practices. We draw on data collected as part of the ‘NHS Reset Ethics’ project, (...)
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  21.  33
    Ethical issues in living-related corneal tissue transplantation.Joséphine Behaegel, Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill & Heather Draper - 2019 - Journal of Medical Ethics 45 (7):430-434.
    The cornea was the first human solid tissue to be transplanted successfully, and is now a common procedure in ophthalmic surgery. The grafts come from deceased donors. Corneal therapies are now being developed that rely on tissue from living-related donors. This presents new ethical challenges for ophthalmic surgeons, who have hitherto been somewhat insulated from debates in transplantation and donation ethics. This paper provides the first overview of the ethical considerations generated by ocular tissue donation from living donors and suggests (...)
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  22. Cutting to the Core: Exploring the Ethics of Contested Surgeries.Michael Benatar, Leslie Cannold, Dena Davis, Merle Spriggs, Julian Savulescu, Heather Draper, Neil Evans, Richard Hull, Stephen Wilkinson, David Wasserman, Donna Dickenson, Guy Widdershoven, Françoise Baylis, Stephen Coleman, Rosemarie Tong, Hilde Lindemann, David Neil & Alex John London - 2006 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    When the benefits of surgery do not outweigh the harms or where they do not clearly do so, surgical interventions become morally contested. Cutting to the Core examines a number of such surgeries, including infant male circumcision and cutting the genitals of female children, the separation of conjoined twins, surgical sex assignment of intersex children and the surgical re-assignment of transsexuals, limb and face transplantation, cosmetic surgery, and placebo surgery.
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  23.  34
    Left Of Bang Interventions in Trauma: ethical implications for military medical prophylaxis.Neil Eisenstein, David Naumann, Daniel Burns, Sarah Stapley & Heather Draper - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (7):504-508.
    Advances in medical capability should be accompanied by discussion of their ethical implications. In the military medical context there is a growing interest in developing prophylactic interventions that will mitigate the effects of trauma and improve survival. The ethics of this novel capability are currently unexplored. This paper describes the concept of trauma prophylaxis and outlines some of the ethical issues that need to be considered, including within concept development, research and implementation. Trauma prophylaxis can be divided into interventions that (...)
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  24.  97
    Anorexia nervosa and refusal of naso-gastric treatment: A reply to Simona Giordano.Heather Draper - 2003 - Bioethics 17 (3):279–289.
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  25. Becoming a father/refusing fatherhood: an empirical bioethics approach to paternal responsibilities and rights.Jonathan Ives, Heather Draper, Helen Pattison & Clare Williams - 2008 - Clinical Ethics 3 (2):75-84.
    In this paper, we present the first stage of an empirical bioethics project exploring the moral sources of paternal responsibilities and rights. In doing so, we present both (1) data on men's normative constructions of fatherhood and (2) the first of a two-stage methodological approach to empirical bioethics. Using data gathered from 12 focus groups run with UK men who have had a variety of different fathering experiences (n = 50), we examine men's perspectives on how paternal responsibilities and rights (...)
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  26.  33
    Coercion and choice in parent–child live kidney donation.Philippa Burnell, Sally-Anne Hulton & Heather Draper - 2015 - Journal of Medical Ethics 41 (4):304-309.
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  27.  56
    Should We Reject Donated Organs on Moral Grounds or Permit Allocation Using Non‐Medical Criteria?: A Qualitative Study.Greg Moorlock, Jonathan Ives, Simon Bramhall & Heather Draper - 2015 - Bioethics 30 (4):282-292.
    Conditional and directed deceased organ donations occur when donors attempt to influence the allocation of their donated organs. This can include asking that the organs are given to or withheld from certain types of people, or that they are given to specified individuals. Donations of these types have raised ethical concerns, and have been prohibited in many countries, including the UK. In this article we report the findings from a qualitative study involving interviews with potential donors, potential recipients and transplant (...)
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  28.  39
    Proposal to support making decisions about the organ donation process.Greg Moorlock & Heather Draper - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (6):434-438.
    In this paper, we propose a novel approach to permit members of the public opportunity to record more nuanced wishes in relation to organ donation. Recent developments in organ donation and procurement have made the associated processes potentially more multistaged and complex than ever. At the same time, opt-out legislation has led to a more simplistic recording of wishes than ever. We argue that in order to be confident that a patient would really wish to go ahead with the various (...)
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  29. Why there is no right to know one's genetic origins.Heather Draper - 2005 - In Nafsika Athanassoulis (ed.), Philosophical reflections on medical ethics. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
     
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  30.  76
    Grandparents' entitlements and obligations.Heather Draper - 2013 - Bioethics 27 (6):309-316.
    In this article, it is argued that grandparents' obligations originate from parental obligations (i.e from the relationship they have with their children, the parents of their grandchildren) and not from the role of grandparent per se, and any entitlements flow from the extent to which these obligations are met. The position defended is, therefore, that grandparents qua grandparents are not entitled to form or continue relationships with their grandchildren. A continuation of grandparent-grandchildren relationships may be in the interests of children, (...)
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  31.  17
    Reconsidering Triage: Medical, Ethical and Historical Perspectives on Planning for Mass Casualty Events in Military and Civilian Settings.Simon Horne, Robert James, Heather Draper & Emily Mayhew - 2023 - In Sheena M. Eagan & Daniel Messelken (eds.), Resource Scarcity in Austere Environments: An Ethical Examination of Triage and Medical Rules of Eligibility. Springer Verlag. pp. 33-54.
    A mass casualty (MASCAL) event is different to a major incident. The crux of this difference is that in a major incident, by the adoption of special measures, normal or near-normal standards of care can be maintained. In a MASCAL, irrespective of what special measures are instituted, standards of care inevitably drop. This is a, currently unmet, challenge for medical planning and planning policy. Twenty-First century weaponry is capable of producing thousands of causalities a day over a period of several (...)
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  32.  33
    What Counts? Justifications, Not Labels.Jonathan Herington, Angus Dawson & Heather Draper - 2015 - Hastings Center Report 45 (2):3-3.
    A commentary on “Public Health Emergencies: What Counts?” by Lawrence O. Gostin, in the November‐December 2014 issue.
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  33.  31
    Reports of new healthcare AI interventions should include systematic ethical evaluations.Wendy A. Rogers, Heather Draper & Stacy M. Carter - 2022 - Bioethics 36 (6):728-730.
    Bioethics, Volume 36, Issue 6, Page 728-730, July 2022.
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  34.  46
    Prisoners as research participants: current practice and attitudes in the UK.Anna Charles, Annette Rid, Hugh Davies & Heather Draper - 2016 - Journal of Medical Ethics 42 (4):246-252.
    The use of prisoners as research participants is controversial. Efforts to protect them in response to past exploitation and abuse have led to strict regulations and reluctance to involve them as participants. Hence, prisoners are routinely denied the opportunity to participate in research. In the absence of comprehensive information regarding prisoners’ current involvement in research, we examined UK prisoners’ involvement through review of research applications to the UK National Research Ethics Service. We found that prisoners have extremely limited access to (...)
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  35.  13
    Assisted conception technology, parent selection and the interest of children to adequate parents.Heather Draper - 2002 - In Ruth F. Chadwick & Doris Schroeder (eds.), Applied ethics: critical concepts in philosophy. New York: Routledge. pp. 2--3.
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  36.  20
    Clinical Ethics Committee case 4: our patient is (probably) competent but would not engage with us and wants us to decide for her.Heather Draper - 2008 - Clinical Ethics 3 (4):164-167.
  37.  40
    (1 other version)FOCUS: Can Britain's NHS managers be business-like and should they adopt the values of business?Heather Draper - 1996 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 5 (4):207–211.
    The NHS differs from a private business in not aiming at profits and in being obliged to provide only the single product of health care. How radically does this affect the requirement to be “business‐like” and adopt business values? Dr Draper is Lecturer in Biomedical Ethics at The Medical School, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT. She wishes to thank Tom Sorell for his comments on the first draft of this article.
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  38.  35
    Martha as a Mother.Heather Draper - 2014 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 23 (1):8-16.
  39.  16
    Risk and Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Should Military Medical Personnel Be Willing to Accept Greater Risks Than Civilian Medical Workers?Heather Draper - 2021 - In Daniel Messelken & David Winkler (eds.), Health Care in Contexts of Risk, Uncertainty, and Hybridity. Springer. pp. 201-218.
    The global public health threat posed by infectious disease is well recognised. The obligation to treat whilst exposed to risk, and its limits, is debated with each novel serious and communicable pathogen. Within national jurisdictions, different responses are forthcoming. Some, like France in 2009, give government the power to require healthcare staff to work, and even to requisition staff, including retired professionals. Others rely on notions of solidarity and professional duty, with scope for individual discretion. Our research with staff in (...)
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  40. Sterilization abuse: women and consent to treatment.Heather Draper - 1991 - In Margaret Brazier & Mary Lobjoit (eds.), Protecting the Vulnerable: Autonomy and Consent in Health Care. New York: Routledge.
  41.  74
    Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment.Heather Draper - 1988 - Journal of Medical Ethics 14 (1):47-48.
  42.  10
    8. Unspecified Living Organ Donation.Heather Draper & Greg Moorlock - 2021 - In Solveig Lena Hansen & Silke Schicktanz (eds.), Ethical Challenges of Organ Transplantation. Transcript Verlag. pp. 151-166.
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  43.  72
    Clinical Ethics Committee case 2: Should patients who are unable to feed themselves be fed by volunteers?Heather Draper - 2008 - Clinical Ethics 3 (2):55-59.
  44.  25
    Clinical Ethics Committee case 1: Is there a limit on the extent to which I have to be an advocate for my patient?Heather Draper - 2008 - Clinical Ethics 3 (1):4-6.
  45. Using case studies in clinical ethics.Heather Draper - 2006 - Clinical Ethics 1 (1):7-10.
  46.  43
    Virtual Clinical Ethics Committee, case 3: confidentiality – what are our obligations to dead patients?Heather Draper, Adam MacDiarmaid-Gordon, Laura Strumidlo, Bea Teuten & Eleanor Updale - 2006 - Clinical Ethics 1 (3):121-129.
  47. Virtual Clinical Ethics Committee, case 5: Can we give a son access to his mother's psychiatric notes?Heather Draper, Adam Macdiarmaid-Gordon, Laura Strumidlo, Bea Teuten & Eleanor Updale - 2007 - Clinical Ethics 2 (1):8-14.
  48.  40
    Virtual Clinical Ethics Committee, case 6: fear of investigation affects patient care (the Shipman effect on the administration of opiates in the community).Heather Draper, Adam MacDiarmaid-Gordon, Laura Strumidlo, Bea Teuten & Eleanor Updale - 2007 - Clinical Ethics 2 (2):59-65.
  49. Virtual Clinical Ethics Committee, case 7: What should we do when a pregnant mother consents to HIV testing then changes her mind before hearing the result?Heather Draper, Adam MacDiarmaid-Gordon, Laura Strumidlo, Bea Teuten & Eleanor Updale - 2007 - Clinical Ethics 2 (3):113-120.
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  50.  68
    Virtual ethics committee, case 2: can we restrain Ivy for the benefit of others?Heather Draper, Adam MacDiarmaid-Gordon, Laura Strumidlo, Bea Teuten & Eleanor Updale - 2006 - Clinical Ethics 1 (2):68-75.
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