Ben shu dui Zhongguo zhe xue xue ke ji zhe xue shi yan jiu de fang fa lun deng wen ti jin xing le tan tao yu fen xi.

This paper combines domestic and international research results to analyze and study the difference between the attribute features of English phrase speech and noise to enhance the short-time energy, which is used to improve the threshold judgment sensitivity; noise addition to the discrepancy data set is used to enhance the recognition robustness. The backpropagation algorithm is improved to constrain the range of weight variation, avoid oscillation phenomenon, and shorten the training time. In the real English phrase sound recognition system, there (...) are problems such as massive training data and low training efficiency caused by the super large-scale model parameters of the convolutional neural network. To address these problems, the NWBP algorithm is based on the oscillation phenomenon that tends to occur when searching for the minimum error value in the late training period of the network parameters, using the K-MEANS algorithm to obtain the seed nodes that approach the minimal error value, and using the boundary value rule to reduce the range of weight change to reduce the oscillation phenomenon so that the network error converges as soon as possible and improve the training efficiency. Through simulation experiments, the NWBP algorithm improves the degree of fitting and convergence speed in the training of complex convolutional neural networks compared with other algorithms, reduces the redundant computation, and shortens the training time to a certain extent, and the algorithm has the advantage of accelerating the convergence of the network compared with simple networks. The word tree constraint and its efficient storage structure are introduced, which improves the storage efficiency of the word tree constraint and the retrieval efficiency in the English phrase recognition search. (shrink)

胡適（1891-1962），安徽績溪人。原名嗣穈，後改名胡適，字適之，曾用筆名希彊、臧暉等。新文化運動的奠基人與領袖之一，倡導約翰・杜威的實用主義。1917年回國任教北大，參與編輯《新青年》《努力周報 》《獨立評論》等雜誌，先後擔任中華民國駐美大使、國立北京大學校長、台北「中央研究院」院長等職，著有《中國哲學史大綱》《嘗試集》《胡適文存》等書，並獲諾貝爾文學獎提名。.

本书分为神话与诉讼,历史与诉讼,故事与诉讼,制度法理,学术争鸣,法学教育,治学人生等八辑,收录了剧与诉的随想,正义之舞,游戏与诉讼,圣殿骑士的死亡密码,走向刑事宪法,法官权力之源与品格之治,法国法学教 育三题,关问于山水之间等文章.

Finding meaning in our lives is a central tenet to the human experience and a core contributor to mental health. Individuals tend to actively seek the sources of meaning in their lives or consciously enact efforts to create or “craft” meaning in different life domains. These overall “Life Crafting” behaviors refer to the conscious efforts individuals exert to create meaning in their lives through cognitively framing how they view life, seeking social support systems to manage life challenges, and actively seeking (...) challenges to facilitate personal growth. Specifically, these behaviors are actioned to better align life goals, personal needs, values, and capabilities. However, no psychological assessment instrument currently exists to measure overall life crafting. As such, the purpose of this paper was twofold: to conceptualize life crafting and to develop, validate and evaluate a robust measure of overall life crafting. A mixed-method, multi-study research design was employed. First, nine participants were interviewed to determine the methods or techniques used to craft meaningful life experiences. These methods/techniques were used as indicators to create an initial item pool which was then reviewed by a panel of experts to ensure face validity. Second, in Study 1, the factorial structure of the instrument was explored by gathering data from a convenience sample, with the results showing support for a three-factor structure of life crafting, consisting of cognitive crafting, seeking social support, and seeking challenges. Finally, in Study 2, the aim was to confirm the factorial structure of the Life Crafting scale and to determine its level of internal consistency, partial measurement invariance across genders, and criterion validity [meaning in life, mental health, work engagement, and job burnout ]. The results supported a second-order factorial model of Life Crafting, which comprised of three first-order factors. Therefore, the Life Crafting Scale can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to measure- and track the effectiveness of life crafting interventions. (shrink)

This paper introduces the Generalized Argumentation Theory which takes argumentation as a locally rational socio-cultural interaction governed by social norms and carried out through discourse between the members of a socio-cultural community in order to reason things out. Then we bring in the basic structure of generalized argumentation and the localized procedure of Generalized Argumentation Theory for studying the argumentative rules. On the basis of above introduction, we use the localized procedure to analyze a case of political argumentation by reciting (...) poems in ancient China. By doing so, it’s indicated that political argumentation by reciting poems, in essence, takes cultural principle of Li of the Spring and Autumn Period as argumentative rules and uses poems to express ideas, in virtue of which arguments are accepted as locally rational by the politicians at that time. At last, the Little Red Book quotation fight, a similar political activity, is discussed briefly to show the significance that ancient Chinese political argumentation has on contemporary argumentation. (shrink)

In this article, we offer a critical realist conception of curriculum that aims to cultivate critical thinking (CT) and liberate students from egocentric rationality. We first examine egocentric rationality as a problem emerging from the technicist paradigm of cultivating CT in higher education, exemplified by issues arising from the pedagogical activity of debate. We then examine existing approaches to cultivating CT, focusing on the extent to which their goals and conceptions of CT could liberate students from egocentric rationality. Drawing on (...) Roy Bhaskar’s stratified conception of being and principle of immanent critique, we offer a critical realist conception of curriculum, explaining its definition of CT as the capacity for self-critique. We shall illustrate, in the context of an undergraduate debate course, how such capacity can be developed in order to liberate students from egocentric rationality. Curriculum is thus a critical praxis, a created space where student’s CT develops in a way that is intrinsically entwined with their being and becoming. This article extends the philosophical basis for integrating CT with curriculum and offers pedagogical implications. (shrink)

Euthanasia in China is gaining increasing acceptance among physicians, intellectuals, and even the people. This paper surveys current attitudes towards euthanasia and suggests why it should be legalized. Keywords: euthanasia, euthanasia in China CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us What's this?

In an effort to fulfill the commands of Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, our people are working strenuously to build our country into a powerful, modernized socialist state before the end of the century. Following the gradual progress of the four modernizations, the productive forces will rapidly grow, and the socialization level of production is bound to rise noticeably. How to understand the socialization of production, how to promptly readjust the relations of production and the superstructure in order to fit (...) in with the new situation in which the socialization level of production is continuously on the rise, and how to reform the management of industrial and agricultural enterprises as well as the administrative system of the national economy in order to quicken the speed of economic development pose a new problem calling for earnest study and exploration. (shrink)

bakhsh-i 1. Muqaddamah, Manṭiq, Umūr-i ʻāmmah, Ṭabīʻyāt, Ilāhīyāt.

베이컨은 타당한 철학 방법론으로 귀납법만을 인정한 경험론자로 평가받는다. 그런 평가는 귀납법이 학문의 정초를 위한 방법으로는 매우 불충분하다는 인식과 더불어 그의 철학 방법론이 근대철학의 형성에 공헌하지 못했다는 평가로 이어진다. 본 논문은 그의 귀납법에 대한 비판이 정당한가를 세밀히 검토해서, 그의 귀납법 내에 부재한다고 비판받는 점들이 오히려 그의 귀납법을 구성하는 핵심 특징임을 밝히려 한다. 그리고 지금까지 베이컨 철학 방법론의 현대적 의의를 드러내려 했던 연구자들조차 그의 귀납법 본질을 밝혀내지 못했는데, 그 주원인은 그들이 상호 모순되는 것처럼 보이는 그의 귀납법 특징들의 연관성 규명에 실패했기 때문이다. 본 (...) 논문은 그것을 밝혀줄 열쇠는 그의 우상론 재해석에 있음과 또한 다양한 그의 귀납법 특징들이 어떤 맥락에서 이해되어야만 하는가를 밝히려 한다. 마지막으로 그의 귀납법이 근대자연과학혁명에서 획기적 공헌을 했으며, 이미 지나간 과거의 철학사적 문제가 아니라, 모든 자연 탐구자들이 반드시 명심해야만 할 중요한 교훈을 주고 있음을 보여주려 한다. (shrink)

This series publishes outstanding monographs and edited volumes that investigate all aspects of Kant's philosophy, including its systematic relationship to other philosophical approaches, both past and present. Studies that appear in the series are distinguished by their innovative nature and ability to close lacunae in the research. In this way, the series is a venue for the latest findings in scholarship on Kant.