"Das Humanethologische Filmarchiv ist eine Sammlung von rund 800 Stunden Filmmaterial und 2000 Stunden Tonaufzeichnungen, zusammengetragen vom Verhaltensforscher Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt und seinen Mitarbeitern über einen Zeitraum von vier Jahrzehn- ten. Die Humanethologie versteht sich als Biologie des menschlichen Verhaltens und fragt nach den phylogenetischen Bedingungen komplexer motorischer Abläufe, die sie in einer kulturvergleichenden Perspektive untersucht. Aber wovon genau ist das Human- ethologische Filmarchiv ein Archiv? Dieser Beitrag geht dieser Frage nach, in dem er nach den operativen Ontologien der menschlichen Natur (...) und der photographischen Evidenz fragt, die in das Forschungsdesign der Humanethologie eingelassen sind. The film archive of human ethology is a collection of about 800 hours of footage and 2000 hours of sound recordings, compiled by behavioral scientist Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt and his collaborators over a period of four decades. Human ethology is understood as biology of human behavior and asks about the phylogenetic conditions of complex motor processes, which are investigated in a comparative perspective on culture. But what exactly is archived in the film archive of human ethology? The paper tackles this question by asking about the operational ontologies of human nature and the photographic evidence incorporated into the research design of human ethology. ". (shrink)

Das Filmbild vermittelt die Illusion der Realpräsenz des Dargestellten und ist zugleich Ikon und Index im Sinne von Peirce, so lautet eine Bestimmung der akademischen Filmtheorie, die seit den frühen siebziger Jahren gängig war und durch die Einführung digitaler, das heißt vermeintlich nicht-indexikalischer Verfahren der Bildproduktion in den neunziger Jahren in die Krise geriet. Der Aufsatz vertritt die Position, dass Indexikalität ganz unabhängig von den jeweiligen medientechnischen Bedingungen nicht ausreicht, um die Spezifik des filmischen Bildes zu bestimmen. Stattdessen wird im (...) Anschluss an Goodman der Vorschlag unterbreitet, Denotation Denotation sein zu lassen und das filmische Bild als Exemplifikation von photographischer Qualität in der Zeit aufzufassen. (shrink)

Unsere schnelllebige Medienkultur wurde von der Medienpädagogik bislang vor allem als Quelle sozialer Probleme behandelt. Die Autorinnen und Autoren, u.a. Alain Bergala, Henry Jenkins und Martin Seel, öffnen den Blick auf eine Medienbildung, der nicht nur eine sozialpädagogische Aufgabe zukommt, sondern auch eine ästhetisch-künstlerische. Sie entwerfen eine Programmatik der ästhetischen Erziehung, die zum Ziel hat, das Wahrnehmungsund Urteilsvermögen der Menschen in der neuen Medienkultur zu schulen.

Research on animal-assisted interventions has increased massively in the last few years. But it is still not clear how AAIs work and how important the animal is in such interventions. The aim of this systematic review was to compile the existing state of knowledge about the working mechanisms of AAIs. We searched 12 major electronic databases for previous AAI studies with active control groups. Of 2001 records identified, we included 172 studies in the systematic review. We extracted previously published hypotheses (...) about working mechanisms and factors that have been implicitly considered specific or non-specific in AAI research by categorizing control conditions using content analysis. We analyzed the categories using descriptive statistics. We found that 84% of the included studies mentioned a hypothesis of working mechanisms, but 16% did not define specific hypotheses. By analyzing their control conditions, we found that in most controlled studies, the animal or the interaction with the animal was implicitly considered as a specific factor for the effects of the AAI. Non-specific factors such as therapeutic aspects, social interactions, or novelty have also been controlled for. We conclude that AAI research still cannot answer the question of how and why AAIs work. To address this important research gap, we suggest using component studies with innovative control conditions and results from placebo research to address both the specific and non-specific, contextual factors of AAIs to disentangle its mechanisms.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=158103, identifier: CRD42020158103. (shrink)

Terence Irwin's edition of the Nicomachean Ethics offers more aids to the reader than are found in any modern English translation. It includes an Introduction, headings to help the reader follow the argument, explanatory notes on difficult or important passages, and a full glossary explaining Aristotle's technical terms. The Third Edition offers additional revisions of the translation as well as revised and expanded versions of the notes, glossary, and Introduction. Also new is an appendix featuring translated selections from related texts (...) of Aristotle. (shrink)

This collection examines the question of nonhuman animal agency by shifting emphasis from the human perspective toward that of other animals, exploring modes of ...

This volume offers a collection of in-depth explorations of pragmatism as a framework for discussions in philosophy of science and metaphysics. Each chapter involves explicit reflection on what it means to be pragmatist, and how to use pragmatism as a guiding framework in addressing topics such as realism, unification, fundamentality, truth, laws, reduction, and more. -/- .

كتاب بحصي يتناول الصراع بين الصوفية والسلفية ويتناول قصة حياة الحلاج وابن الفارض والسهروردي ودواوينهم ويتناول الحب الإلهي عند الصوفية.

"First published by Oxford University Press, 1916."--Title page verso.

An English language translation accompanies the original Greek text of Aristotle's book about the nature of the state, constitutions, revolutions, democracy, and oligarchy.

This is the first complete, one-volume English translation of the ancient Chinese text Xunzi, one of the most extensive, sophisticated, and elegant works in the tradition of Confucian thought. Through essays, poetry, dialogues, and anecdotes, the Xunzi articulates a Confucian perspective on ethics, politics, warfare, language, psychology, human nature, ritual, and music, among other topics. Aimed at general readers and students of Chinese thought, Eric Hutton’s translation makes the full text of this important work more accessible in English than ever (...) before. Named for its purported author, the Xunzi has long been neglected compared to works such as the Analects of Confucius and the Mencius. Yet interest in the Xunzi has grown in recent decades, and the text presents a much more systematic vision of the Confucian ideal than the fragmented sayings of Confucius and Mencius. In one famous, explicit contrast to them, the Xunzi argues that human nature is bad. However, it also allows that people can become good through rituals and institutions established by earlier sages. Indeed, the main purpose of the Xunzi is to urge people to become as good as possible, both for their own sakes and for the sake of peace and order in the world. In this edition, key terms are consistently translated to aid understanding and line numbers are provided for easy reference. Other features include a concise introduction, a timeline of early Chinese history, a list of important names and terms, cross-references, brief explanatory notes, a bibliography, and an index. (shrink)

This incisive book deals with the use of the criminal law to enforce morality, in particular sexual morality, a subject of particular interest and importance since the publication of the Wolfenden Report in 1957. Professor Hart first considers John Stuart Mill's famous declaration: "The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community is to prevent harm to others." During the last hundred years this doctrine has twice been sharply challenged by two great (...) lawyers: Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, the great Victorian judge and historian of the common law, and Lord Devlin, who both argue that the use of the criminal law to enforce morality is justified. The author examines their arguments in some detail, and sets out to demonstrate that they fail to recognize distinction of vital importance for legal and political theory, and that they espouse a conception of the function of legal punishment that few would now share. (shrink)

A classic exposition of Kant's ethical thought.

Engelhardt invites readers to understand what it means to live in a world after God, where questions of sin and virtue have been replaced with life-and-death-style choices. After God provides a dark prophetic vision. But there is still hope. As Engelhardt argues, In this culture, children now grow up apart from and defended against a recognition of the God Who lives. They are nurtured in a social fabric that is structured so as to avoid a recognition of, much less an (...) encounter with, God. Nevertheless... a traditional Christianity has endured, even though its morality and bioethics have become ever more strongly counter-cultural. The source of this traditional Christian otherness over against the surrounding post-theistic culture lies in the origins of Christianity itself, in the Christianity of the Apostles and the Fathers, namely, in Orthodox Christianity. Against the tenor of the times, disregarding the animus to set traditional Christianity aside, and despite heretics prominent within its fold, Orthodox Christianity remains a light in a world after God. --! From back cover. (shrink)

The paper defends the position that phenomenological interviews can provide a rich source of knowledge and that they are in no principled way less reliable or less valid than quantitative or experimental methods in general. It responds to several skeptic objections such as those raised against introspection, those targeting the unreliability of episodic memory, and those claiming that interviews cannot address the psychological, cognitive and biological correlates of experience. It argues that the skeptic must either heed the methodological and epistemological (...) justification of the phenomenological interview provided, or embrace a more fundamental skepticism, a “deep mistrust”, in which scientific discourse can have no recourse to conscious processes as explananda, with ensuing dire consequences for our conception of science. (shrink)

Alienation; philosophical and psychological aspects; philosophy, comparative; history; early works to 1800.