When interlocutors repeatedly describe referents to each other, they rapidly converge on referring expressions which become increasingly systematized and abstract as the interaction progresses. Previous experimental research suggests that interactive repair mechanisms in dialogue underpin convergence. However, this research has so far only focused on the role of other-initiated repair and has not examined whether self-initiated repair might also play a role. To investigate this question, we report the results from a computer-mediated maze task experiment. In this task, participants communicate (...) with each other via an experimental chat tool, which selectively transforms participants’ private turn-revisions into public self-repairs that are made visible to the other participant. For example, if a participant, A, types “On the top square,” and then before sending, A revises the turn to “On the top row,” the server automatically detects the revision and transforms the private turn-revisions into a public self-repair, for example, “On the top square umm I meant row.” Participants who received these transformed turns used more abstract and systematized referring expressions, but performed worse at the task. We argue that this is due to the artificial self-repairs causing participants to put more effort into diagnosing and resolving the referential coordination problems they face in the task, yielding better grounded spatial semantics and consequently increased use of abstract referring expressions. (shrink)

Notre époque n'est-elle pas celle de l'éclipse de la mort? Entre rêved'immortalité, culte de la jeunesse et peur du cadavre, la mort ne doit plusfaire partie de la vie. Elle est cachée, dénaturée, éclipsée. C'est à la foisune éclipse dans le langage (où "partir" a remplacé "mourir") et uneéclipse sociale (la mort a été évacuée de la cité). Aujourd'hui, le transhumanisme porte et achève cette éclipse. La vie estdésormais sans mort, et la mort, sans vie. C'est à cette difficulté, d'une (...) viequi n'est plus ordonnée vers une fin, vers la mort qui lui donnait saprofondeur et son sens, que Robert Redeker s'attaque. En analysant ce quel'éclipse de la mort nous dit de notre époque, il évoque les thèmes de lacrémation, de l'euthanasie, de la place du corps et pose cette questioncruciale pour notre société contemporaine : pourquoi devons-nous nous réjouird'avoir à mourir? Agrégé de Philosophie, Robert Redeker est l'auteur de nombreux livres. Ilcollabore également à plusieurs revues et journaux. Il a publié dernièrement Le soldat impossible (Pierre-Guillaumede Roux, 2014), Le Progrès? Pointfinal (Ovadia, 2015), Bienheureusevieillesse (Le Rocher, 2015) et L'Ecolefantôme (Desclée de Brouwer, 2016). Il s'emploie également à laphotographie et à la critique littéraire. (shrink)

Où est passé le mot "âme"? Pourquoi a-t-il été escamoté? Comment s'est-il évaporé de notre langue, volatilisé de notre culture, évanoui de notre quotidien? Que signifie sa disparition? Et que nous dit-elle de l'humanité contemporaine? Il n'y est pas allé d'une subite révolution. Il s'est agi d'un lent mais implacable effacement. Celui que Robert Redeker dévoile et démontre ici en refaisant l'histoire de ce mot perdu. Peu à peu, on a doté l'âme, vocable crucial, d'apparents compléments qui ont fini (...) par se révéler de complets substituts. On lui a préféré l'ego, le moi, le sujet, la conscience puis l'inconscient et, dernièrement même, le cerveau. Ainsi, de Descartes à Derrida, des premiers modernes aux ultimes déconstructionnistes, la spiritualité dévitalisée, le monde désarrimé, l'homme désincarné n'ont cessé de croître sur l'âme désertée. Mais la réalité de l'âme, elle, n'est pas éteinte. Elle s'est seulement absentée de notre pensée. Elle demeure le chiffre secret de la vie vivante et le restera tant qu'il ne sera pas trop tard. Cet essai libre et libérateur nous invite à souverainement la redécouvrir, la retrouver, la sauver."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Envahissant, saturant l'espace et le temps, le sport est vécu aujourd'hui comme une activité allant de soi. Il n'est jamais questionné, échappant à toute critique approfondie. Le sport est pourtant, en quelque sorte, le moule dans lequel notre société est formée. Il est le nouveau pouvoir spirituel. Il façonne les âmes autant que les corps. Il promeut un corps fabriqué de type inédit, quand l'âme du sportif lui a été enlevée pour être remplacée par le mental. Robert Redeker se (...) livre à une attaque sans concession du sport contemporain. Il en dénonce les mutations, les travers et surtout les fonctions nouvelles: transformation des organismes humains, culte de la performance infinie, ersatz de religion, substitut de relations internationales. Les sportifs sont-ils des mutants? Le sport est-il l'usine où se fabrique un nouveau type d'être humain? (shrink)

Mourir pour la France, faire la guerre, tomber au champ d'honneur... Les jeunes générations y songent-elles encore? Il est vrai que la désacralisation de la chose militaire, propagée par l'hédonisme-pacifisme triomphant, a eu raison de cette aspiration traditionnelle. Le 14juillet des dernières décennies n'est-il pas devenu une fête pour la fête parmi tant d'autres, où les défilés militaires s'exposent au regard comme un spectacle de foire? L'Ecole a, elle-même, renoncé à exalter les vertus de la nation et de la patrie (...) tant glorifiées par la Révolution. Cette mise au ban du soldat comme de l'Histoire ne traduit-elle pas un déni de réalité caractérisé? Comme s'il suffisait de fermer les yeux sur les multiples motifs d'hostilité entre les Etats pour en neutraliser la bête noire : l'éternel retour de la guerre et de ses innombrables morts que l'esprit victimaire d'aujourd'hui récupère insidieusement. C'est oublier que la France ne serait pas la France sans ces guerres qui ont fait date, sans un choix décisif de société, sans un refus de se soumettre à la loi de l'Occupant. Bref, sans une certaine idée de la France... Les figures d'épouvantail successives sous lesquelles disparaît désormais le soldat - gendarme, bourreau, nazi, etc., - achèvent de brouiller le sens profond de son sacrifice. Où la part de sang versé et répandu, renforçant le lien de l'individu à la Nation, révèle aussi la part inconnue, transcendante, de l'homme face à la mort. Robert Redeker nous invite à explorer le gouffre d'incompréhension qui sépare le soldat de la société civile actuelle à la lumière d'un brillant arrière-plan philosophique et historique s'attachant à cerner l'essence de la guerre. (shrink)

Band 14/1-2 (1. Halbbd.: Schleiermachers System als Philosophie ; 2. Halbbd.: Schleiermachers System als Theologie).

"Quoi de plus dérisoire au regard de l'histoire du monde, des causes premières et des fins dernières, de la destinée post mortem de l'âme, de la lutte cosmique entre le Bien et le Mal, de la guerre entre les empires, que la course folle d'un ailier de football le long de la ligne de touche, que la percée serpentine d'un demi de mêlée de rugby dans la forêt effrayante des avants adverses? Les noms de Platini, de Pelé, de Coppi, ne (...) pèsent rien face à ceux de Platon, de Shakespeare, de Beethoven. Et pourtant, dans cet empire du dérisoire, la beauté du sport trouve sa place". Robert Redeker est un amoureux du sport, ce qui rend sa pensée critique radicale d'autant plus captivante. Le sport, dit-il, relève du phénomène culturel en fabriquant du consensus, et c'est en cela, ajoute-t-il, qu'il est antinomique avec la culture. (shrink)

In der Reihe werden herausragende monographische Untersuchungen und Sammelbände zu allen Aspekten der Philosophie Kants veröffentlicht, ebenso zum systematischen Verhältnis seiner Philosophie zu anderen philosophischen Ansätzen in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Veröffentlicht werden Studien, die einen innovativen Charakter haben und ausdrückliche Desiderate der Forschung erfüllen. Die Publikationen repräsentieren damit den aktuellsten Stand der Forschung.

During the IAEA’s Mobile Radioisotope Exhibition (1960–1965) through the eventful roads of five Latin American countries (Mexico, Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia), a variety of photographs were taken by an unknown Mexican official photographer, and by Josef Obermayer, a staff driver from Vienna. The exhibition carried not only bits of nuclear sciences and technologies, but also the political symbolism of the ‘friendly atom’ as a token of modernization. The photographs embarked on different trajectories, though all of them ended up at (...) the training and exchange official’s desk in charge of the exhibition, Argentinian physicist Arturo Cairo. The ones taken in Mexico also had a local circulation as propaganda intended to promote radioisotope applications. The two sets of images were intended to show the contrast between modernity and traditional society, but they did it from different gazes. Our paper argues that, in the case of Mexico, the photographer reinforced representations of the country which were already popularized by Hollywood for foreign and local audiences. On the other hand, the Viennese photographer’s gaze delivers an autoethnography of his dutiful journey. We also argue that Obermayer’s projection is one of what Roger Bartra has conceptualized as the ‘salvage on the mirror’. (shrink)

Scepticism has been one of the standard problems of epistemology in modern times. It takes various forms – the most general one being the thesis that knowledge is impossible; but equally prominent are such versions as the notorious doubt about the existence of an external world, inaugurated by Descartes'Meditations, or doubts about the existence of objective values. Philosophers who undertake to refute scepticism – still a very popular exercise – try to show that knowledge is possible after all, or to (...) prove the existence of an external world, and so on. Sceptics, generally speaking, are seen as radical doubters – philosophers who call into question assumptions that are usually taken for granted by ordinary people as well as by other philosophers. Those doubts have to be refuted by showing that they are in some way unjustified. (shrink)

The doctrines of the Hellenistic Schools - Epicureans, Stoics, and Sceptics - are known to have had a formative influence on later thought, but because the primary sources are lost, they have to be reconstructed from later reports. This important collection of essays by one of the foremost interpreters of Hellenistic philosophy focuses on key questions in epistemology and ethics debated by Greek and Roman philosophers of the Hellenistic period. There is currently a new awareness of the great interest and (...) influence of Hellenistic philosophy. In bringing together a major collection of scholarly and interpretative studies by a leading figure in the field, this volume is a boon to philosophers and classicists who work on the Hellenistic period, but also to students keen to enrich their understanding of the history of epistemology and ethics. (shrink)

So far little are the studies that have focussed on exploring school principals’ self-conception of their distributed leadership competencies in relation to their managerial and teaching experience. To do so, an exploratory research was carried out with a sample of 163 pre-service and in-service school principals studying a Master’s programme in School Management, Innovation and Leadership at a Spanish University. Data were obtained by using an Ad hoc questionnaire of 7 units of competence and 5 proficiency levels for each unit, (...) based on an existing rubric to analyse students’ self-conception of their development of leadership competencies. The findings of this preliminary study show statistically significant differences in the self-perception in all dimensions associated to Managerial Experience and Teaching Experience in schools. Study participants with ME showed statistically higher levels than those who had non-ME in four of seven dimensions: lead the school organisation, address the needs of the students, manage the organisation of the school organisation, and manage administrative work. Similar results were obtained in relation to TE versus non-TE were statistically significant differences are found in six dimensions: manage pedagogical and didactic resources, attend to the needs of students, manage didactic strategies, manage the organisation of the school organisation, manage the link between the school organisation and the community, and lead the school organisation. This study shows the importance of teaching and professional experience to acquire leadership competencies in education, therefore the school principal should also be a teacher. This preliminary study provides insights into the relevance of providing pre-service or in-service school principals with training and professional development programmes on sustainability distributed leadership that enable them to genuinely engage the school community, develop innovative pedagogies and lead the process of change toward building more sustainable schools. (shrink)

This paper discusses the myths regarding both the conceptualization and the expected effects that are implicitly or explicitly presented in analyses of the so-called ‘democratic innovations’, that is, the new institutions that aim to increase public participation beyond regular elections. It is argued that these myths, together with the (fictitious) confrontation between direct and indirect politics, have generated false oppositions and reductionisms that mask the debate and limit empirical approximations to democratic innovation. A research agenda based on the concept of (...) ‘participatory ecologies’ is suggested as a way to gain an understanding of the mechanisms of participation in a systematic way.Este artículo analiza los mitos que se han construido, tanto en un plano conceptual como de efectos esperados, en torno a las denominadas innovaciones democráticas, entendidas como instituciones destinadas a incrementar la participación ciudadana más allá de las elecciones. Argumentamos que tanto estos mitos como la (ficticia) confrontación entre política directa e indirecta ha generado falsas oposiciones y reduccionismos que enmascaran el debate y limitan el estudio empírico de la innovación democrática. Una agenda de investigación basada en el concepto de ecologías participativas se sugiere para el entendimiento de los mecanismos de participación en forma sistemática. (shrink)

This article demonstrates that theory-laden perception is a pure fiction of some philosophers of science and does not in fact exist. It shows by examples from L. Fleck that non-neutral or person-bound observation is an important source of scientific knowledge and suggests that we can explain those changes in scientific knowledge that are caused by divergent perceptions of different observers by means of differences in the repertoires of visual concepts of the respective observers. Visual concept is introduced by means of (...) a performance model of perception. It is contrasted with definable or language-generated concept and compared to Wittgenstein's family resemblance of concepts. (shrink)

Myth & Symbol, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page 15-43, November 2010.

The story of Medea has exerted a powerful influence on creative artists since the time of Euripides. It is a tale that has been told in many ways and in several genres. This article offers a discussion of Christa Wolf's 1996 novel, Medea.Stimmen (Medea. Voices), a modern retelling through the voices, and conflicting perspectives, of the major characters involved with Medea, including Jason, Agameda, Akamas, Leukon, Glauce and Medea herself.Medea's role within feminist literary reception and women's literature cannot be overlooked (...) because of the crucial archetype she represents. One task of Feminist criticism has been to expose, deconstruct and rectify prevalent male (mis) interpretations of female archetypes, such as Medea, Medusa and others, and the patriarchal distortions they introduced through 3 000 years of male literature. In the patriarchal realm, Medea represents the Witch, the black Sorceress, and the archetype of the Negative Mother. These negative interpretations or archetypes may be attributed to misogynist perceptions of Medea as the vilest of women, because she committed the most despicable of all crimes — killing her children, the patriarchy's heirs — to take revenge on Jason, the husband who abandons her in Corinth (her place of exile) to marry Glauce, King Creon of Corinth's daughter, for reasons of political expedience.As a writer with her roots in the former East-German regime, Wolf perceives the Medea story as an account of a woman with both extraordinary powers and human shortcomings, who is misunderstood by the Colchians and the Corinthians alike. Wolf explores the distorted patriarchal motives for their loathing of Medea and Medea's ultimate powerlessness to do anything more than accept her tragic destiny. In doing so, Wolf does not attempt to manipulate the Medea story to suit the one-sidedness of some more radical feminist ideologies. (shrink)