14 found
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  1.  30
    Public Engagement With Brain Organoid Research and Application: Lessons From Genome Editing.Corinna Klingler, Lara Wiese, Gardar Arnason & Robert Ranisch - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 13 (2):98-100.
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  2.  47
    The Emergence and Development of Animal Research Ethics: A Review with a Focus on Nonhuman Primates.Gardar Arnason - 2020 - Science and Engineering Ethics 26 (4):2277-2293.
    The ethics of using nonhuman animals in biomedical research is usually seen as a subfield of animal ethics. In recent years, however, the ethics of animal research has increasingly become a subfield within research ethics under the term “animal research ethics”. Consequently, ethical issues have become prominent that are familiar in the context of human research ethics, such as autonomy or self-determination, harms and benefits, justice, and vulnerability. After a brief overview of the development of the field and a discussion (...)
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  3.  36
    On balance: weighing harms and benefits in fundamental neurological research using nonhuman primates.Gardar Arnason & Jens Clausen - 2016 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 19 (2):229-237.
    One of the most controversial areas of animal research is the use of nonhuman primates for fundamental research. At the centre of the controversy is the question of whether the benefits of research outweigh the harms. We argue that the evaluation of harms and benefits is highly problematic. We describe some common procedures in neurological research using nonhuman primates and the difficulties in evaluating the harm involved. Even if the harm could be quantified, it is unlikely that it could be (...)
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  4.  72
    The ethical justification for the use of non-human primates in research: the Weatherall report revisited.Gardar Arnason - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (5):328-331.
    The Weatherall report on the use of non-human primates in research was published in 2006. Its main conclusion was that there is a strong scientific case for the use of non-human primates in some cases, but the report stressed the importance of evaluating each case in the light of the availability of alternatives. In addition to arguing for the scientific necessity of using non-human primates in research, the report also provided an ethical justification. As could be expected, the report was (...)
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  5.  24
    Initial heritable genome editing: mapping a responsible pathway from basic research to the clinic.Robert Ranisch, Katharina Trettenbach & Gardar Arnason - 2023 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 26 (1):21-35.
    Following the Second Summit on Human Gene Editing in Hong Kong in 2018, where the birth of two girls with germline genome editing was revealed, the need for a responsible pathway to the clinical application of human germline genome editing has been repeatedly emphasised. This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion on research ethics issues in germline genome editing by exploring key issues related to the initial applications of CRISPR in reproductive medicine. Following an overview of the current (...)
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  6.  41
    Regulating Clinical Innovation: Trachea Transplants and Tissue Engineering.Gardar Arnason - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (6):32-34.
    Volume 19, Issue 6, June 2019, Page 32-34.
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  7.  72
    Undue Fear of Inducements in Research in Developing Countries.Gardar Arnason & Anton van Niekerk - 2009 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 18 (2):122.
    Prematurely born children who have underdeveloped lungs may suffer a potentially fatal condition called respiratory distress syndrome. A U.S. company developed a drug, called Surfaxin, to treat such poorly functioning lungs. A placebo-controlled study was planned in four Latin American countries. At the time, in 2001, four treatments were already on the market, although not available to the research populations used in the study. This case is usually discussed as part of the standard of care debate or offered as an (...)
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  8.  41
    Human–Animal Parallels in Clinical Ethics and Research Ethics.Gardar Arnason - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (2):64-65.
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  9.  20
    Ethical Issues in Cerebral Organoid Research.Gardar Arnason, Anja Pichl & Robert Ranisch - 2023 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 32 (4):515-517.
    About ten years ago, reports of lab-grown “mini brains” or “brains in a dish” appeared in the media, falling somewhere between the curious and the alarming. The trigger of these reports was a new method to grow three-dimensional neural tissue from human stem cells that recapitulates, to some degree, the early development of brain tissue. Despite their relatively small size and other limitations, such model systems capture in part the structure and functions of regions of the human brain and can (...)
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  10.  26
    Asking the Right Questions about Research with Nonhuman Primates.Gardar Arnason, Sara Tinnemeyer & Jens Clausen - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 11 (3):189-191.
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  11.  35
    Objections still fail: a response to Faria.Gardar Arnason - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (5):334-335.
    In her reply to my critical assessment of objections to the Weatherall report’s justification of non-human primate research, Catia Faria focuses on three objections which she entitles ‘the disanalogy’, ‘the utilitarian calculus’ and ‘species overlap’. Faria finds my assessment unconvincing, butI argue that the objections still fail.
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  12.  50
    Guest Editorial: Vulnerability Revisited.Doris Schroeder & Gardar Arnason - 2009 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 18 (2):110.
    In Jane Austen's Mansfield Park, Fanny, an 18-year-old orphan who lives with her aunt Lady Bertram, received an attractive offer of marriage, which she vehemently rejected and is not prepared to reconsider.
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  13.  4
    Arguments and Analysis in Bioethics.Matti Häyry, Tuija Takala, Peter Herissone-Kelly & Gardar Árnason (eds.) - 2010 - Amsterdam: Brill | Rodopi.
    Is there any justification for the common practice of allocating expensive medical resources to rescue a few from rare diseases, when those resources could be used to treat devastating diseases that affect the many? Does the use of Prozac and other anti-depressants make us inauthentic beings? Is it immoral and irrational to have children? What is the force of examples and counterexamples in bioethics? What are the relevance of moral intuition and the role of empirical evidence in bioethical argument? What (...)
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  14. Neuroimaging, Uncertainty, and the Problem of Dispositions.Gardar Árnason - 2010 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19 (2):188.
    Brain research in neuroscience and related fields is changing our understanding of the brain and its relation to the mind and to human behavior, giving a new impetus to the problem of free will and moral responsibility. The reactions have covered the entire range, from claims to the effect that neuroscientific research is showing that our folkrnason, Ph.D., is Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Social and Moral Philosophy, University of Helsinki, Finland. His research interests include bioethics, neuroethics, and (...)
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