37 found
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Guido de Wert [26]Guido M. W. R. de Wert [5]G. De Wert [4]G. M. W. R. de Wert [1]
Gmwr de Wert [1]
  1.  20
    Prenatal Screening: An Ethical Agenda for the Near Future.Antina de Jong & Guido M. W. R. de Wert - 2015 - Bioethics 29 (1):46-55.
    Prenatal screening for foetal abnormalities such as Down's syndrome differs from other forms of population screening in that the usual aim of achieving health gains through treatment or prevention does not seem to apply. This type of screening leads to no other options but the choice between continuing or terminating the pregnancy and can only be morally justified if its aim is to provide meaningful options for reproductive choice to pregnant women and their partners. However, this aim should not be (...)
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  2.  61
    Ethics of modifying the mitochondrial genome.A. L. Bredenoord, W. Dondorp, G. Pennings & G. De Wert - 2011 - Journal of Medical Ethics 37 (2):97-100.
    Recent preclinical studies have shown the feasibility of specific variants of nuclear transfer to prevent mitochondrial DNA disorders. Nuclear transfer could be a valuable reproductive option for carriers of mitochondrial mutations. A clinical application of nuclear transfer, however, would entail germ-line modification, more specifically a germ-line modification of the mitochondrial genome. One of the most prominent objections against germ-line modification is the fear that it would become possible to alter ‘essential characteristics’ of a future person, thereby possibly violating the child's (...)
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  3.  41
    Just choice: a Danielsian analysis of the aims and scope of prenatal screening for fetal abnormalities.Greg Stapleton, Wybo Dondorp, Peter Schröder-Bäck & Guido de Wert - 2019 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 22 (4):545-555.
    Developments in Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) and cell-free fetal DNA analysis raise the possibility that antenatal services may soon be able to support couples in non-invasively testing for, and diagnosing, an unprecedented range of genetic disorders and traits coded within their unborn child’s genome. Inevitably, this has prompted debate within the bioethics literature about what screening options should be offered to couples for the purpose of reproductive choice. In relation to this problem, the European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) and (...)
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  4.  24
    The New Genetics and Informed Consent: Differentiating Choice to Preserve Autonomy.Eline M. Bunnik, Antina de Jong, Niels Nijsingh & Guido M. W. R. de Wert - 2013 - Bioethics 27 (6):348-355.
    The advent of new genetic and genomic technologies may cause friction with the principle of respect for autonomy and demands a rethinking of traditional interpretations of the concept of informed consent. Technologies such as whole‐genome sequencing and micro‐array based analysis enable genome‐wide testing for many heterogeneous abnormalities and predispositions simultaneously. This may challenge the feasibility of providing adequate pre‐test information and achieving autonomous decision‐making. At a symposium held at the 11th World Congress of Bioethics in June 2012 (Rotterdam), organized by (...)
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  5.  56
    Creating human organs in chimaera pigs: an ethical source of immunocompatible organs?David Shaw, Wybo Dondorp, Niels Geijsen & Guido de Wert - 2015 - Journal of Medical Ethics 41 (12):970-974.
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  6.  30
    The aims of expanded universal carrier screening: Autonomy, prevention, and responsible parenthood.Sanne van der Hout, Wybo Dondorp & Guido de Wert - 2019 - Bioethics 33 (5):568-576.
    Expanded universal carrier screening (EUCS) entails a population‐wide screening offer for multiple disease‐causing mutations simultaneously. Although there is much debate about the conditions under which EUCS can responsibly be introduced, there seems to be little discussion about its aim: providing carrier couples with options for autonomous reproductive choice. While this links in with current accounts of the aim of foetal anomaly screening, it is different from how the aim of ancestry‐based carrier screening has traditionally been understood: reducing the disease burden (...)
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  7.  24
    The aims of expanded universal carrier screening: Autonomy, prevention, and responsible parenthood.Sanne Hout, Wybo Dondorp & Guido de Wert - 2019 - Bioethics 33 (5):568-576.
    Expanded universal carrier screening (EUCS) entails a population‐wide screening offer for multiple disease‐causing mutations simultaneously. Although there is much debate about the conditions under which EUCS can responsibly be introduced, there seems to be little discussion about its aim: providing carrier couples with options for autonomous reproductive choice. While this links in with current accounts of the aim of foetal anomaly screening, it is different from how the aim of ancestry‐based carrier screening has traditionally been understood: reducing the disease burden (...)
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  8.  55
    ‘One Can Always Say No.’ Enriching the Bioethical Debate on Antisocial Behaviour, Neurobiology and Prevention: Views of Juvenile Delinquents.Dorothee Horstkötter, Ron Berghmans, Frans Feron & Guido De Wert - 2012 - Bioethics 28 (5):225-234.
    Genomic and neuro-scientific research into the causes and course of antisocial behaviour triggers bioethical debate. Often, these new developments are met with reservation, and possible drawbacks and negative side-effects are pointed out. This article reflects on these scientific developments and the bioethical debate by means of an exploration of the perspectives of one important stakeholder group: juveniles convicted of a serious crime who stay in a juvenile justice institution. The views of juveniles are particularly interesting, as possible applications of current (...)
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  9.  37
    Using non-human primates to benefit humans: research and organ transplantation.David Shaw, Wybo Dondorp & Guido de Wert - 2014 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 17 (4):573-578.
    Emerging biotechnology may soon allow the creation of genetically human organs inside animals, with non-human primates and pigs being the best candidate species. This prospect raises the question of whether creating organs in primates in order to then transplant them into humans would be more acceptable than using them for research. In this paper, we examine the validity of the purported moral distinction between primates and other animals, and analyze the ethical acceptability of using primates to create organs for human (...)
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  10.  27
    Refining the ethics of preimplantation genetic diagnosis: A plea for contextualized proportionality.Wybo Dondorp & Guido de Wert - 2018 - Bioethics 33 (2):294-301.
    Many European countries uphold a ‘high risk of a serious condition’ requirement for limiting the scope of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). This ‘front door’ rule should be loosened to account for forms of PGD with a divergent proportionality. This applies to both ‘added PGD’ (aPGD), as an add‐on to in vitro fertilization (IVF), and ‘combination PGD’ (cPGD), for a secondary disorder in addition to the one for which the applicants have an accepted PGD indication. Thus loosening up at the front (...)
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  11.  26
    Moral Enhancement for Antisocial Behavior? An Uneasy Relationship.Dorothee Horstkötter, Ron Berghmans & Guido de Wert - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 3 (4):26-28.
  12.  49
    Using stem cell-derived gametes for same-sex reproduction: an alternative scenario.Seppe Segers, Heidi Mertes, Guido Pennings, Guido de Wert & Wybo Dondorp - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (10):688-691.
    It has been suggested that future application of stem-cell derived gametes might lead to the possibility for same-sex couples to have genetically related children. Still, for this to become possible, the technique of gamete derivation and techniques of reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state would have to be perfected. Moreover, egg cells would have to be derived from male cells and sperm cells from female cells, which is believed to be particularly difficult, if not impossible. We suggest a more (...)
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  13.  62
    In Vitro Gametogenesis and the Creation of ‘Designer Babies’.Seppe Segers, Guido Pennings, Wybo Dondorp, Guido de Wert & Heidi Mertes - 2019 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28 (3):499-508.
    Abstract:Research into the development of stem cell-derived (SCD) gametes in humans, otherwise known asin vitrogametogenesis (IVG), is largely motivated by reproductive aims. Especially, the goal of establishing genetic parenthood by means of SCD-gametes is considered an important aim. However, like other applications in the field of assisted reproduction, this technology evokes worries about the possibility of creating so-called ‘designer babies.’ In this paper, we investigate various ways in which SCD-gametes could be used to create such preference-matched offspring, and what this (...)
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  14.  28
    ‘We Should View Him as an Individual’: The Role of the Child’s Future Autonomy in Shared Decision-Making About Unsolicited Findings in Pediatric Exome Sequencing.W. Dondorp, I. Bolt, A. Tibben, G. De Wert & M. Van Summeren - 2021 - Health Care Analysis 29 (3):249-261.
    In debates about genetic testing of children, as well as about disclosing unsolicited findings (UFs) of pediatric exome sequencing, respect for future autonomy should be regarded as a prima facie consideration for not taking steps that would entail denying the future adult the opportunity to decide for herself about what to know about her own genome. While the argument can be overridden when other, morally more weighty considerations are at stake, whether this is the case can only be determined in (...)
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  15.  34
    Medicalization, Demedicalization and Beyond: Antisocial Behaviour and the Case of the Dutch Youth Law.Dorothee Horstkötter, Wybo Dondorp & Guido de Wert - 2015 - Public Health Ethics 8 (3):284-294.
    Youth antisocial behaviour is frequently considered to be displayed by children and adolescents who suffer from behavioural disorders. Consequently, attempts to reduce ASB have increasingly comprised mental health interventions. Moreover, early signalling of children at risk and early prevention of behavioural problems are regarded as crucial remedies. Critical investigations of these developments, however, are in particular concerned with the consequent medicalization of society and the behaviour exhibited by infants, children and adolescents. Consequently, the new Dutch youth law even refers to (...)
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  16.  12
    Artificial gametes: perspectives of geneticists, ethicists and representatives of potential users.Guido de Wert, Sjoerd Repping, Tsjalling Swierstra, Wybo Dondorp & Daniela Cutas - 2014 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 17 (3):339-345.
    Several threads of research towards developing artificial gametes are ongoing in a number of research labs worldwide. The development of a technology that could generate gametes in vitro has significant potential for human reproduction, and raises a lot of interest, as evidenced by the frequent and extensive media coverage of research in this area. We have asked researchers involved in work with artificial gametes, ethicists, and representatives of potential user groups, how they envisioned the use of artificial gametes in human (...)
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  17.  25
    The Prevention of Psychopathy: What We Owe to Young People.Dorothee Horstkötter & Guido de Wert - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (2):19-20.
  18.  76
    Balancing animal welfare and assisted reproduction: ethics of preclinical animal research for testing new reproductive technologies.Verna Jans, Wybo Dondorp, Ellen Goossens, Heidi Mertes, Guido Pennings & Guido de Wert - 2018 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 21 (4):537-545.
    In the field of medically assisted reproduction (MAR), there is a growing emphasis on the importance of introducing new assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) only after thorough preclinical safety research, including the use of animal models. At the same time, there is international support for the three R’s (replace, reduce, refine), and the European Union even aims at the full replacement of animals for research. The apparent tension between these two trends underlines the urgency of an explicit justification of the use (...)
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  19.  44
    In vitro gametogenesis and reproductive cloning: Can we allow one while banning the other?Seppe Segers, Guido Pennings, Wybo Dondorp, Guido de Wert & Heidi Mertes - 2018 - Bioethics 33 (1):68-75.
    In vitro gametogenesis (IVG) is believed to be the next big breakthrough in reproductive medicine. The prima facie acceptance of this possible future technology is notable when compared to the general prohibition on human reproductive cloning. After all, if safety is the main reason for not allowing reproductive cloning, one might expect a similar conclusion for the reproductive application of IVG, since both technologies hold considerable and comparable risks. However, safety concerns may be overcome, and are presumably not the sole (...)
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  20.  43
    Dealing with treatment and transfer requests: how PGD-professionals discuss ethical challenges arising in everyday practice.Melisa Soto-Lafontaine, Wybo Dondorp, Veerle Provoost & Guido de Wert - 2018 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 21 (3):375-386.
    How do professionals working in pre-implantation genetic diagnosis reflect upon their decision making with regard to ethical challenges arising in everyday practice? Two focus group discussions were held with staff of reproductive genetic clinics: one in Utrecht with PGD-professionals from Dutch PGD-centres and one in Prague with PGD-professionals working in centres in different European countries. Both meetings consisted of two parts, exploring participants’ views regarding treatment requests for conditions that may not fulfill traditional indications criteria for PGD, and treatment and (...)
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  21.  24
    The Place of Emotions in Capacity Assessments.Ron Berghmans, Dorothee Horstkötter & Guido de Wert - 2011 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 2 (3):66-68.
    Mackenzie and Watts (2011) discuss the role of emotions in decision-making capacity (DMC) for medical treatment decisions. They are concerned that “the rights of the neurodiverse are at risk as the...
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  22.  22
    Potentiality switches and epistemic uncertainty: the Argument from Potential in times of human embryo-like structures.Ana M. Pereira Daoud, Wybo J. Dondorp, Annelien L. Bredenoord & Guido M. W. R. De Wert - 2024 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 27 (1):37-48.
    Recent advancements in developmental biology enable the creation of embryo-like structures from human stem cells, which we refer to as human embryo-like structures (hELS). These structures provide promising tools to complement—and perhaps ultimately replace—the use of human embryos in clinical and fundamental research. But what if these hELS—when further improved—also have a claim to moral status? What would that imply for their research use? In this paper, we explore these questions in relation to the traditional answer as to why human (...)
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  23.  36
    Using non-human primates to benefit humans: research and organ transplantation—response to César Palacios-González.Wybo Dondorp, David Shaw & Guido de Wert - 2016 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 19 (2):227-228.
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  24.  19
    Uncertain futures and unsolicited findings in pediatric genomic sequencing: guidelines for return of results in cases of developmental delay.Candice Cornelis, Wybo Dondorp, Ineke Bolt, Guido de Wert, Marieke van Summeren, Eva Brilstra, Nine Knoers & Annelien L. Bredenoord - 2023 - BMC Medical Ethics 24 (1):1-10.
    Background Massively parallel sequencing techniques, such as whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), may reveal unsolicited findings (UFs) unrelated to the diagnostic aim. Such techniques are frequently used for diagnostic purposes in pediatric cases of developmental delay (DD). Yet policy guidelines for informed consent and return of UFs are not well equipped to address specific moral challenges that may arise in these children’s situations. Discussion In previous empirical studies conducted by our research group, we found that it (...)
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  25.  12
    The Ethics of Stem Cell-Based Embryo-Like Structures.A. M. Pereira Daoud, W. J. Dondorp, A. L. Bredenoord & G. M. W. R. de Wert - forthcoming - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry:1-30.
    In order to study early human development while avoiding the burdens associated with human embryo research, scientists are redirecting their efforts towards so-called human embryo-like structures (hELS). hELS are created from clusters of human pluripotent stem cells and seem capable of mimicking early human development with increasing accuracy. Notwithstanding, hELS research finds itself at the intersection of historically controversial fields, and the expectation that it might be received as similarly sensitive is prompting proactive law reform in many jurisdictions, including the (...)
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  26. On the biomedicalization of alcoholism.Ron Berghmans, Johan de Jong, Aad Tibben & Guido de Wert - 2009 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 30 (4):311-321.
    The shift in the prevailing view of alcoholism from a moral paradigm towards a biomedical paradigm is often characterized as a form of biomedicalization. We will examine and critique three reasons offered for the claim that viewing alcoholism as a disease is morally problematic. The first is that the new conceptualization of alcoholism as a chronic brain disease will lead to individualization, e.g., a too narrow focus on the individual person, excluding cultural and social dimensions of alcoholism. The second claim (...)
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  27.  47
    Boekbesprekingen.Joël Delobel, J. Lust, J. Lambrecht, P. C. Beentjes, Bart J. Koet, Th C. de Kruijf, M. Poorthuis, M. Parmentier, Marc Schneiders, W. G. Tillmans, H. J. Adriaanse, J. Wissink, Jan Kerkhofs, H. Wegman, H. Bleijendaal, Ger Groot, F. J. Theunis, J. W. Hacking, A. A. Derksen, Ulrich Hemel, J. Kerkhofs, G. de Wert, H. P. M. Goddijn & Johan G. Hahn - 1986 - Bijdragen 47 (1):67-112.
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  28.  19
    In The Netherlands, Tolerance and Debate.Maurice A. M. de Wachter & Guido M. W. R. de Wert - 1987 - Hastings Center Report 17 (3):15.
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  29. In vitro fertilisatie en experimenten met embryo's. Ethisch-filosofische beschouwingen La fertilisation in vitro et les expérimentations sur l'embryon. Considérations éthiques et philosophiques.Gmwr de Wert - 1987 - Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 79 (3):210-225.
     
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  30. Autonomy and prevention: From conflicting to complementary aims of prenatal screening.Wybo Dondorp, Guido de Wert, Ellis C. Becking, Peter G. Scheffer, Mireille Bekker & Lidewij Henneman - forthcoming - Bioethics.
    From an ethical point of view, there is an important distinction between two types of prenatal screening. The first of these targets maternal or foetal conditions (e.g., infectious diseases, blood group sensitization) where early detection allows for interventions that improve the chances of a healthy pregnancy outcome. The second screens for foetal conditions such as Down syndrome, where a timely diagnosis in most cases only allows for a choice between preparation for a child with special needs or termination of the (...)
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  31.  13
    The Role of Religion in the Political Debate on Embryo Research in the Netherlands.Wybo J. Dondorp & Guido M. W. R. de Wert - 2019 - In Mirjam Weiberg-Salzmann & Ulrich Willems (eds.), Religion and Biopolitics. Springer Verlag. pp. 257-279.
    Until the late twentieth century, there were three main political currents in the Netherlands: Christian, Labor, and Liberal, giving Christian party politics a stronger position than in European countries with a binary division between conservative and progressive. The history of the debate about embryo research coincides with the end of this period. Whereas in the 1980s the Christian Democrat party still had strong religiously motivated views about embryo protection, it has since lost both the power and the drive to pursue (...)
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  32.  32
    Boekbesprekingen.Erik Eynikel, Martien Parmentier, Kathleen Maenhaut, P. C. Beentjes, Martin Parmentier, Huub Welzen, Bart J. Koet, Hans Goddijn, M. Parmentier, Marc Schneiders, Ad van der Helm, J. Y. H. A. Jacobs, W. Logister, Peter de Haan, H. Rikhof, G. Rouwhorst, A. van de Pavert, Guido de Wert & Bert Defreyne - 1991 - Bijdragen 52 (2):207-232.
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  33.  63
    Ethical guidance on human embryonic and fetal tissue transplantation: A European overview.G. de Wert, R. L. P. Berghmans, G. J. Boer, S. Andersen, B. Brambati, A. S. Carvalho, K. Dierickx, S. Elliston, P. Nunez, W. Osswald & M. Vicari - 2002 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 5 (1):79-90.
    This article presents an overview ofregulations, guidelines and societal debates ineight member states of the EC about a)embryonic and fetal tissue transplantation(EFTT), and b) the use of human embryonic stemcells (hES cells) for research into celltherapy, including `therapeutic' cloning. Thereappears to be a broad acceptance of EFTT inthese countries. In most countries guidance hasbeen developed. There is a `strong' consensusabout some of the central conditions for `goodclinical practice' regarding EFTT.International differences concern, amongstothers, some of the informed consent issuesinvolved, and the (...)
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  34.  46
    Permitting patients to pay for participation in clinical trials: the advent of the P4 trial.David Shaw, Guido de Wert, Wybo Dondorp, David Townend, Gerard Bos & Michel van Gelder - 2017 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 20 (2):219-227.
    In this article we explore the ethical issues raised by permitting patients to pay for participation (P4) in clinical trials, and discuss whether there are any categorical objections to this practice. We address key considerations concerning payment for participation in trials, including patient autonomy, risk/benefit and justice, taking account of two previous critiques of the ethics of P4. We conclude that such trials could be ethical under certain strict conditions, but only if other potential sources of funding have first been (...)
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  35.  28
    A Capabilities Approach to Prenatal Screening for Fetal Abnormalities.Greg Stapleton, Wybo Dondorp, Peter Schröder-Bäck & Guido de Wert - 2019 - Health Care Analysis 27 (4):309-321.
    International guidelines recommend that prenatal screening for fetal abnormalities should only be offered within a non-directive framework aimed at enabling women in making meaningful reproductive choices. Whilst this position is widely endorsed, developments in cell-free fetal DNA based Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing are now raising questions about its continued suitability for guiding screening policy and practice. This issue is most apparent within debates on the scope of the screening offer. Implied by the aim of enabling meaningful reproductive choices is the idea (...)
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  36.  38
    Boekbesprekingen.Jacques van Ruiten, Bart J. Koet, J. -J. Suurmond, Marc Schneiders, Martijn Schrama, J. Y. H. A. Jacobs, J. Wissink, Robrecht Michiels, Bernard Hoöfte, B. Höfte, Freda Dröes, J. Plantinga, Guido de Wert, Joh G. Hahn, André Lascaris, I. Verhack, A. A. Derksen & Urich Hemel - 1990 - Bijdragen 51 (2):202-228.
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  37.  32
    Lifestyle Vaccines and Public Health: Exploring Policy Options for a Vaccine to Stop Smoking.Anna Wolters, Guido de Wert, Onno C. P. van Schayck & Klasien Horstman - 2016 - Public Health Ethics 9 (2):183-197.
    Experimental vaccines are being developed for the treatment of ‘unhealthy lifestyles’ and associated chronic illnesses. Policymakers and other stakeholders will have to deal with the ethical issues that this innovation path raises: are there morally justified reasons to integrate these innovative biotechnologies in future health policies? Should public money be invested in further research? Focusing on the case of an experimental nicotine vaccine, this article explores the ethical aspects of ‘lifestyle vaccines’ for public health. Based on findings from a qualitative (...)
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