The paper introduces the concept, of self-organisation as a concept which explains in a general way the emergence of order. It shows how this concept can be used to describe social dynamics, i.e. the mutual construction of social institutions and the social processes which are regulated by these institutions. The driving force of this mutual construction is called ‘coping with uncertainty’. This concept is shown to be fruitful in the discussion of innovation networks, a new form of knowledge production.

In his ‘On t and u and what they can do’, Greg Restall presents an apparent problem for a handful of well-known non-classical solutions to paradoxes like the liar. In this article, we argue that there is a problem only if classical logic – or classical-enough logic – is presupposed. 1. Background Many have thought that invoking non-classical logic – in particular, a paracomplete or paraconsistent logic – is the correct response to the liar and related paradoxes. At the most (...) basic level, the target non-classical idea is that some expressions, like ‘all and only the true propositions’, do not behave as we would expect from classical logic. Non-classical theorists argue that the class of all and only the truths is either incomplete or inconsistent: when you truly speak of all and only truths , you're either leaving some truths out, or you're letting some untruths in. Truth, in a slogan, is either gappy or glutty. Non-classicality is not a glib or easy-way-out response to the paradoxes. Innocuous-seeming notions can turn out to be philosophically substantial. Moreover, apparently correct forms of reasoning can turn out to be incorrect. To take a example, a glut theorist must hold that the following argument form is not in general valid. Either p is true or q is true. But p is untrue. So q is true. This argument form may strike our ears as acceptable. But if p is a truth value glut, then the inference fails to preserve truth. According to glut theorists, the inference breaks down in inconsistent contexts: if the subject matter involves gluts, then the inference is to be rejected. And the liar paradox, according to such theorists, shows that truth is exactly the kind of subject matter that yields inconsistency. In the …. (shrink)

This new translation of the first Critique forms part of a fifteen-volume English-language edition of the works of Immanuel Kant under the general editorship of this volume’s editor-translators, Paul Guyer and Allen Wood. The edition, which is almost complete by now, comprises all of Kant’s published works along with extensive selections from his literary remains, his correspondence, and student transcripts of his lecture courses in metaphysics, ethics, logic, and anthropology. The Cambridge edition aims at a consistent English rendition of Kant’s (...) works, both within a given volume and across volumes. In terms of scope and detail, the Cambridge edition is unrivaled in any language, except for the authoritative Academy edition begun under the directorship of Wilhelm Dilthey in 1900, which, however, is still not completed and several volumes of which are in serious need of re-editing. In one case, that of the Opus postumum, the best edition currently available seems to be the one in the Cambridge edition. (shrink)

This Whiteheadian Dialogue explores a fresh and important cross-elucidatory path: What have we, and what can be learned from a dialogue with Eastern worldviews?

In a modern democratic society appearance has great importance. This is especially true of the dress code in health care sphere. More recently, changing your appearance by getting tattoos and body modifications has been decried by different generations in the medical community. However, what is significance of appearance of a medical officer during epidemiological instability around the world? The response to this question was given in our study. The objectives of the study are: to interrogate the attitude of medical university (...) students to medical officers with tattoos as well as to identify medical students who are "exposed" to the fashionable trend of tattoos and body modifications. To implement these objectives, the study involved 106 medical students of various levels of degree and faculties of Rostov state medical University. The results of the study showed that the majority of medical students has not resorted to changes in their appearance, although tattoos and body modifications did not avoid the community of medical students. (shrink)

Jest to fragment traktatu "O Bogu" z "Summy Teologii" św. Tomasza z Akwinu - zawiera on Wstęp, Wprowadzenie i przekład ksiąg VII - X. ks. VII - "O nieskończoności Boga" ks. VIII - "O byciu Boga w rzeczach" ks. IX - "O niezmienności Boga" ks. X - "O wieczności Boga".

The complex chaotic dynamics and multistability of financial system are some important problems in micro- and macroeconomic fields. In this paper, we study the influence of two-delay feedback on the nonlinear dynamics behavior of financial system, considering the linear stability of equilibrium point under the condition of single delay and two delays. The system undergoes Hopf bifurcation near the equilibrium point. The stability and bifurcation directions of Hopf bifurcation are studied by using the normal form method and central manifold theory. (...) The theoretical results are verified by numerical simulation. Furthermore, one feature of the proposed financial chaotic system is that its multistability depends extremely on the memristor initial condition and the system parameters. It is shown that the nonlinear dynamics of financial chaotic system can be significantly changed by changing the values of time delays. (shrink)

İnsanî nefsin mahiyeti/hakikati sorunu, İslâm düşüncesinde farklı yönleriyle inceleme konusu olmuş ve âlimler tarafından çeşitli yaklaşımlar ileri sürülmüştür. Mütekaddimîn kelamcılarının aksine müteahhirîn kelâmcıları takip ettikleri yöntem ve telif üslubu gibi sebeplerden dolayı genelde nefsin mahiyetini tartıştıkları bölümde görüşlerini açıkça belirtmemişlerdir. Müteahhirîn döneminin önde gelen kelamcılarından Teftâzânî de eserlerinin nefisle ilgili bölümlerinde, bir taraftan cismânî nefis görüşünü benimsediğini gösteren ifadeler kullanırken diğer taraftan soyut nefse kapı aralayan açıklamalara da yer vermiştir. Konuyla ilgili görüşünü tam olarak tespit etmek için düşünce sistemini meydana (...) getiren diğer konulardaki görüşlerinin incelenmesi gerekir. Düşünce sistemi bir bütün olarak incelendiğinde Teftâzânî’nin, duyumsanan bedenin ötesinde bir nefsin varlığının apaçıklığını savunduğu ve farklı cismânî nefis anla- yışları arasından “diğer cisimlerle aynı hakikate sahip latif cisim” görüşünü tercih ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca onun, insanî nefsin hakikati konusunda kelâmcıların çoğunluğuna nispet ettiği aslî parçaları da insanî nefsin değil bedenin özü olarak kabul ettiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada Teftâzânî’nin fizik, epistemoloji, ontoloji ve teoloji konularına ilişkin görüşlerinde insan tasavvurunun izleri takip edilecek ve elde edilen verilerden hareketle onun insanî nefsin hakikatine dair yaklaşımı ortaya konulacaktır. (shrink)

It is shown that $\operatorname{Con}(ZF)$ implies $\operatorname{Con}(ZFC$ + there exists a Dowker filter on ω2). The problem is also considered on higher cardinals.