Un tema complejo en la bioética contemporánea es el que versa sobre la decisión de poner fin a una vida humana, y dentro de éste, quizás el que tiene que ver con la práctica de la eutanasia voluntaria es el más ampliamente discutido. Desde el punto de vista de su consideración moral, no es poco frecuente encontrar en los debates en torno al tópico la apelación a la palabra “dignidad humana”. Este ensayo reflexiona sobre las diferencias y similitudes de significado (...) que tiene el concepto de dignidad para las tres tradiciones morales occidentales más importantes, a saber, la utilitarista, la bíblica y la kantiana. Nuestro objetivo es revisar la postura moral que estas mismas tradiciones mantienen sobre la cuestión del suicidio asistido desde el punto de vista de sus particulares concepciones de dignidad.A complex issue in contemporary bioethics concerns with the decision of putting an end to a human life, and within this, the topic of voluntary euthanasia is perhaps the most widely discussed. From the standpoint of moral consideration it is very common to find in these discussions the appeal to the concept of “human dignity”. This essay seeks to reflect upon the differences and similarities of the meaning of the word “human dignity” for the more important moral Western traditions, namely, Utilitarian, Biblical and Kantian ethics. Our aim is to review the moral position that each of these traditions hold upon the issue of assisted suicide. (shrink)

El articulo explora una alternativa distinta sobre la posible comprensión kantiana de los derechos humanos a la que se muestra en un par de contribuciones recientes por parte de Jürgen Habermas y Otfried Höffe. Se intenta mostrar que la manera como estos teóricos defienden la eventual aportación de Kant a los derechos humanos, sustentada en su apriorística y trascendental doctrina moral, no resiste el análisis si de lo que se trata es defender la cualidad humana de los derechos humanos y (...) su universalidad. En su lugar, y teniendo como base el concepto del “fenómeno de los derechos humanos” defendido por el filósofo y jurista argentino Eduardo Rabossi, se busca mostrar que la posición histórica y antropológica, no trascendental, que Kant sostiene en torno a la relación entre revolución y progreso moral en uno de sus textos sobre El conflicto de las facultades se ajusta más persuasivamente a lo que estos derechos representan. (shrink)

Se problematiza la conexión entre la libertad práctica y trascendental en la Crítica de la razón pura. La intención es explicitar las dificultades que enfrenta Kant al relacionar estos sentidos de libertad dentro del marco de la filosofía crítica. Por lo general, los intérpretes entienden la relació..

Se problematiza la conexión entre la libertad práctica y trascendental en la Crítica de la razón pura. La intención es explicitar las dificultades que enfrenta Kant al relacionar estos sentidos de libertad dentro del marco de la filosofía crítica. Por lo general, los intérpretes entienden la relación entre estos dos sentidos de libertad como ontológica o como conceptual. Se quiere mostrar que ninguna de estas interpretaciones alcanza a superar los presuntos dogmatismos racionalista y empirista que, en conformidad con Kant, sustentan (...) las posturas del proponente de la Tesis y de la Antítesis, respectivamente. The article discusses the connection between practical and transcendental freedom in the Critique of Pure Reason, in order to reveal the difficulties faced by Kant when he relates these two meanings of freedom in the context of critical philosophy. Interpreters have generally understood the relation between these two meanings of freedom as ontological or conceptual. The objective of this article, however, is to show that neither of those interpretations manages to overcome the rationalist and empiricist dogmatism that, according to Kant, support the positions of the proponents of the Thesis and the Antithesis, respectively. (shrink)

In the first of the three essays of Theory and Practice published in 1793, Kant took the task to answer some objections that Ch. Garve, Kant’s contemporary popular philosopher, had raised against his ethical theory a couple of years earlier. One of these, the most important one in my view, has to do with the problem of, as Garve puts it, “how anyone can become aware of having performed his duty quite unselfishly”. In this paper, my aim is to recover (...) the pertinence of this text by showing two things. First, that this essay is part of a controversy between Garve and Kant that transcends, historically and philosophically, Theory and Practice itself; and second, that Kant fails to succeed in this controversy against Garve due to a confession that he makes during the discussion, for this statement runs against that which has the intend to be demonstrate by the argument of the “fact of pure reason”. (shrink)

Kant’s moral philosophy intends to be an articulated project between metaphysics of morals and practical anthropology. In the works in which he undertakes the task of grounding his metaphysics of morals, namely, The Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and the Critique of Practical Reason, Kant insists that he borrows nothing from anthropology to support this grounding, whereas in his two other most important practical writings, the Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason and the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant applies (...) his metaphysics of morals to anthropology. By discussing Kant’s idea that empirical happiness is an essential end for every human being, and that his metaphysics of morals is just incoherent without denying rationality and freedom to every sensible incentive, this paper problematizes the possibility of the articulated project of Kant’s moral philosophy. (shrink)

En este artículo me propongo analizar el significado que tiene la idea de formar éticamente a profesionistas para resolver «dilemas éticos». Partiendo de la base de las propuestas más significativas de la UNESCO para legitimar la pertinencia de la formación ética en la educación profesional en el siglo XXI, me interesa mostrar el sentido que adquiere el concepto de dilema ético y lo que significa aceptar su legitimidad, para de aquí invitar a una reflexión sobre los fundamentos básicos formales de (...) una pedagogía ética que todo docente que enseña ética a nivel profesional tendría que considerar para enseñar a los futuros profesionistas a enfrentar este singular problema de la razón práctica. (shrink)

Um livro que abalará todas as suas crenças – Martim Vasques da Cunha Com o rigor de um scholar e a força argumentativa de um polemista, Francisco Razzo expõe uma tese perturbadora- esquerda, direita ou centro, somos todos responsáveis pelas jaulas voluntárias de nossas ideologias. A imaginação totalitária é a estreia promissora de um escritor que quer nos perturbar sem fazer nenhuma concessão. E, sobretudo, o relato de um exorcismo pessoal de alguém que também quer expulsar os demônios que (...) infestam a atual sociedade brasileira – especialmente quando esta crê que a política é a última esperança que nos resta. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda el papel que juega la “admiración” en la traducción heideggeriana de tres pasajes de la Metafísica de Aristóteles. Con base en el volumen 62 de la Gesamtausgabe, se muestra que la “admiración” se relaciona con tres temas fundamentales, a saber: el mundo, la vida y la comprensión. En primer lugar, analizo el tema del mundo compartido y del mundo circundante. En segundo lugar, describo el tema de la vida, la cual es interpretada como “premura insoslayable” y “clara (...) permanencia tranquila”. En tercer lugar, desarrollo el tema de la comprensión en tres fases: “epistémica”, “propia” y “visible”. Estos temas serán retomados en trabajos ulteriores como Ser y tiempo. Por tal motivo, las lecciones de 1922 son valiosas para conocer el itinerario filosófico de Heidegger en los años veinte. Finalmente, se intenta mostrar que la triple traducción del vocablo griego θαυμάζειν realizada por Heidegger, obedece a un criterio específico de interpretación fenomenológica acorde a los temas mencionados. (shrink)

Bravo, F. La dialéctica en Teilhard de Chardin.--Carías, R. El conocimiento de Dios en Max Scheler.--Cappelletti, A. J. El fuego y el logos en la filosofía de Heráclito.--Li Carrillo, V. Estructuralismo y antihumanismo.--Rosales, A. Martín Heidegger y la crisis de la filosofía transcendental.--Rosales, A. La crítica de Heidegger al idealismo moderno.--Rosales, A. El giro del pensamiento de Heidegger.

Algebraic quantum field theory (AQFT) puts forward three ``causal axioms'' that aim to characterize the theory as one that implements relativistic causation: the spectrum condition, microcausality, and primitive causality. In this paper, I aim to show, in a minimally technical way, that none of them fully explains the notion of causation appropriate for AQFT because they only capture some of the desiderata for relativistic causation I state or because it is often unclear how each axiom implements its respective desideratum. After (...) this diagnostic, I will show that a fourth condition, local primitive causality (LPC), fully characterizes relativistic causation in the sense of fulfilling all the relevant desiderata. However, it only encompasses the virtues of the other axioms because it is implied by them, as I will show from a construction by Haag and Schroer (1962). Since the conjunction of the three causal axioms implies LPC and other important results in QFT that LPC does not imply, and since LPC helps clarify some of the shortcomings of the three axioms, I advocate for a holistic interpretation of how the axioms characterize the causal structure of AQFT against the strategy in the literature to rivalize the axioms and privilege one among them. (shrink)

Los castillos ideológicos pueden parecer fortalezas inexpugnables, construidas sobre sólidas verdades, pero la historia nos da abundantes ejemplos de su desmoronamiento, debido simplemente a que no responden a lo que realmente son el hombre y el mundo, a la verdad objetiva de las cosas.

The interest in crossmodal correspondences, including those involving sounds and involving tastes, has experienced rapid growth in recent years. However, the mechanisms underlying these correspondences are not well understood. In the present study (N = 302), we used an associative learning paradigm, based on previous literature using simple sounds with no consensual taste associations (i.e., square and triangle wave sounds at 200 Hz) and taste words (i.e., sweet and bitter), to test the influence of two potential mechanisms in establishing sound–taste (...) correspondences and investigate whether either learning mechanism could give rise to new and long‐lasting associations. Specifically, we examined an emotional mediation account (i.e., using sad and happy emoji facial expressions) and a transitive path (i.e., sound‐taste correspondence being mediated by color, using red and black colored squares). The results revealed that the associative learning paradigm mapping the triangle wave tone with a happy emoji facial expression induced a novel crossmodal correspondence between this sound and the word sweet. Importantly, we found that this novel association was still present two months after the experimental learning paradigm. None of the other mappings, emotional or transitive, gave rise to any significant associations between sound and taste. These findings provide evidence that new crossmodal correspondences between sounds and tastes can be created by leveraging the affective connection between both dimensions, helping elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations. Moreover, these findings reveal that these associations can last for several weeks after the experimental session through which they were induced. (shrink)

Although there are those who understand that the debates about the morality of the interruption of pregnancy are newly born, when analyzing some passages of the classical sources, the antiquity of such discussions is revealed. Likewise, as the legal, political and moral conclusions in such respects are often based on a metaphysical, anthropological, theological or biological position, it is necessary to enter these fields in order to fully explore the different edges of such a complicated object. In this way, this (...) work aims to show the terminological pitfalls that the words embryon and kyema generate for the understanding of Aristotelian embryology, which is the basis for understanding his position on abortion, as well as the scholastic debates that use this as a source. We aspire to analyze the various appearances of both terms in various works of Aristotle - fundamentally De generatione animalium and De partibus animalium - and show how there is no criterion to distinguish them in most contexts. (shrink)

Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) was one of the most important philosophers and theologians of Early Modern Scholasticism. Although Suárez spent most of his academic career as a professor of theology, he is better known today for his Metaphysical Disputations (Salamanca, 1597). The present volume contains a facing-page English translation of Metaphysical Disputations III & IV. Metaphysical Disputation III offers a general treatment of the properties of being as such, while Metaphysical Disputation IV deals with one of these properties in particular, (...) transcendental unity. The Latin text contained in this volume introduces a significant number of corrections to the text of the Vivès edition, the one standardly used by scholars of Suárez, and thus more faithfully reproduces the text of the first edition. The volume also contains a lengthy introduction that provides a detailed survey of the disputations' principal claims and arguments. (shrink)

This book examines the conceptual contributions of constituent representatives in Spain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Spanish Parliament has been the stage for the political modernisation of the country. Constitutional debates have historically led to the gradual acknowledgement and broadening – usually unevenly – of citizens’ rights. At the same time, constitutional debates have created opportunities to design institutions and settle legal mechanisms to enforce rights and distribute state resources. The book identifies and analyses rhetorical and conceptual innovations (...) produced in such debates from a historical perspective. (shrink)

On philosophy and Christian theology of humankind; festschrift in honor of J. Sudarminta, a pastor and philosophy lecturer at Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Driyarkara, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Un estudio profundo de lo que es y cómo es Dios según la revelación que tenemos de Él en las Sagradas Escrituras.

Fragments is a verse and narrative work of phenomenological and existential ontology focusing on mind-world unity and mind-world dislocation in the experience of self through time. Pivotal experiential and historical moments -- moments when normative guardrails and unreflective models of the world may be compromised -- are approached as fundamental markers of how we transact with evolving versions of ourselves and world.

A parallel, Latin-English, edition of the first volume of Suárez's renowned treatise on metaphysics, with corrected Latin text and comprehensive annotations.