Il y a, tout au long du chemin de pensée de Heidegger, une référence à l’idée d’« habiter » (wohnen). La pensée qu’il en propose est d’une telle exigence qu’elle mérite la plus grande attention. Cette pensée s’enquiert du mode le plus propre sur lequel l’homme peut exister. Cet enjeu apparaît au cours de l’investigation phénoménologique par laquelle Heidegger cherche à mettre au jour le sens de “être” qui sous-tend la philosophie comme métaphysique, à savoir : l’“être” comme présence constante. (...) Or cette signification temporelle de “être” conduit Heidegger à un questionnement portant sur le temps comme sens de “être” (où le terme “sens” signifie ce par quoi l’être de ce qui est s’ouvre et devient compréhensible pour nous) et, ensuite, à un questionnement incessant portant sur les phénomènes dans lesquels peut consister ce sens, soit l’ouverture de l’être lui-même. -/- Notre propos est de montrer que l’ouverture de l’être implique la prise en charge de cette ouverture par l’homme, soit précisément son habiter dans celle-ci. L’ouverture de l’être implique en effet l’ouverture de l’homme à l’égard de cet être, c.-à-d. son entente (toujours affectivement disposée) de l’être de ce qui est en son ensemble, soit aussi bien de l’être de l’étant qu’il est lui-même, que de l’être de l’étant qu’il n’est pas lui-même. Or, cette ouverture ententive (et affective) à l’être, est ce qui vaut à l’homme d’être nommé Da-sein (l’étant qui est – transitivement et “activement” – le « là » (Da), c.-à-d. l’espace ouvert pour l’être). Cette ouverture n’est pas un simple état acquis une fois pour toutes. Elle n’a lieu que dans la mesure où l’homme, se laissant requérir par l’ouverture de l’être lui-même, la tient ek-statiquement ouverte. Le mode d’être du Da-sein, que Heidegger appelle son ek-sistence, réside en cette tenue ek-statique du Da-sein dans l’ouverture de l’être de ce qui est en son ensemble. Or s’il est vrai que l’homme est redevable, quant à son ouverture propre, à l’ouverture de l’être lui-même, la réciproque est vraie aussi : c’est en vertu de l’ouverture ek-statique de l’homme en tant que Da-sein à l’égard de l’être, que cet être se maintient et demeure en son ouverture, voire vient à trouver une demeure pour celle-ci. L’habiter est donc doublement transitif : il est, à la fois, l’habiter ek-statique (transitif et actif) de l’homme en tant que Da-sein dans l’ouverture de l’être, et l’habiter (lui aussi transitif) de l’être lui-même, c.-à-d. la venue (requérante) de l’être à sa demeure dans notre habiter en son espace ouvert. Cette double transitivité est l’enjeu de la pensée que Heidegger consacre à l’habiter de l’homme. Dans Être et Temps, Heidegger aborde cette double transitivité à partir de l’ek-sistence de l’homme en tant que Da-sein. Dès les Apports à la philosophie, il l’aborde à partir de l’être lui-même en quête de sa demeure, qui réside dans l’habiter de l’homme. Notons que l’homme, dans la mesure où, en tant que Da-sein, il habite – le tenant par là ouvert – l’espace ouvert de l’être, en vient à être proprement libre : il a alors en effet son séjour « dans le libre » (im Freien), c.-à-d. dans l’espace libre de l’être – comme l’indique le mot wohnen, qui en son sens originel (*wunjan apparenté à Wonne), signifie “demeurer libre et sauf”. (shrink)

The increasing centrality of business firms in contemporary societies calls for a renewed attention to the democratization of these actors. This paper sheds new light on the possibility of democratizing business firms by bridging recent scholarship in two fields—deliberative democracy and business ethics. To date, deliberative democracy has largely neglected the role of business firms in democratic societies. While business ethics scholarship has given more attention to these issues, it has overlooked the possibility of deliberation within firms. As argued in (...) the paper, a combination of reforms based on the ideas of workplace deliberation and business deliberation is necessary in order to promote the prospect of deliberation in different business contexts. The paper also discusses the importance of more democratic firms for deliberative democracy at large and, in particular, for the recent debate on deliberative systems. Finally, the paper suggests new areas of investigation to better understand the prospect of democratic deliberation in business firms. (shrink)

L’ipotesi da cui muove la scelta di temi ed autori di questo percorso è quella di aprire esplorazioni ed incursioni nelle pieghe della cultura umana per cogliere le frizioni e le smagliature tra etica e politica in vista della possibilità, data o negata, di riconfigurare sé stessi e la cultura di cui ogni uomo è forza viva, mutante e trasfigurante. Un viaggio tra luoghi e stanze parallele, che a volte si svelano comunicanti, altre volte solo tracce di afone esistenze. Indagine (...) della storia e tentativo di una ermeneutica politica non riduttivistica, che intercetti intimamente la concezione e la struttura antropologica a fondamento di una società e di una sua organizzazione politica. La sfida di fondo di questo lavoro è quella di ripensare il posto dell’uomo nell’ordine dei significati del corpo, e ricondurre la corporeità nell’ordine dei significati di una antropologia politica. Da questa ipotesi, viene proposto un itinerario che intercetta alcuni dualismi e fratture come nuclei di criticità da cui muovere e infiltrarsi nelle intersezioni simboliche tra piano etico e piano politico dell’esistenza. (shrink)

The new edition of this manual brings together a decade's teaching in bioethics. It confronts new questions and monitors the latest far reaching experiments, whose results and publications need to be properly understood.

Resilient socioeconomic unsustainability poses a threat to democracy whose importance has yet to be fully acknowledged. As the prospect of sustainability transition wanes, so does perceived legitimacy of institutions. This further limits representative institutions' ability to take action, making democratic deepening all the more urgent. I investigate this argument through an illustrative case study, the 2017 People's Climate March. In a context of resilient unsustainability, protesters have little expectation that institutions might address the ecological crisis and this view is likely (...) to spread. New ways of thinking about this problem and a new research agenda are needed. (shrink)

Business majors were tested for their attitudes toward the teaching of business ethics in university business education. Respondents indicated that they considered ethics an important part of a business curriculum and that they preferred integrating ethics into a number of different courses rather than taking a separate compulsory or elective ethics course. Ethical business practices were seen by respondents as increasing profit and return on investment and creating a positive work environment and public perception of the organization.

The present work aimed at assessing whether the interference exerted by task-irrelevant spatial information is comparable in high- and low-susceptible individuals and whether it may be eliminated by means of a specific posthypnotic suggestion. To this purpose high- and low-susceptible participants were tested using a Simon-like interference task after the administration of a suggestion aimed at preventing the processing of the irrelevant spatial information conveyed by the stimuli. The suggestion could be administered either in the absence or following a standard (...) hypnotic induction. We showed that, outside from the hypnotic context, the Simon effect was similar in high and low-susceptible participants and it was significantly reduced following the posthypnotic suggestion in high-susceptible participants only. These results show that a specific posthypnotic suggestion can alter information processing in high-susceptible individuals and reduce the interfering effect exerted by arrow stimuli. (shrink)

Treatise on political power, statecraft, and the qualities of the ideal ruler.

Character education is an increasingly discussed topic drawing upon virtue ethics as a moral theory. Scholars have predominantly understood educating character as a process that entails the formation of certain distinct character traits or functions through practice and habituation. However, these approaches present some problems. This paper explores the educational implications of various accounts focusing on the relationship between phronesis and other virtues. In particular, our focus will be on those that Miller (2023) has classified as Standard Model and Eliminativist (...) Model of practical wisdom. Starting from these accounts, we will outline three specific problems that the latter models appear to generate at a theoretical level in character education. Finally, we will address the task of demonstrating why the monist account of moral virtue recently proposed by the Aretai group—which conceives being virtuous in possessing phronesis understood as ethical expertise—might offer a refined response to these challenges. In addition, we will illustrate three educational pathways that can emerge from the same model. (shrink)

Medical discoveries have led to an unprecedented level of competence in the field, but it is as if the patient is finding it increasingly difficult to get the right holistic care. Medicine must be put on a path towards being humanised.

Ninety-one right brain-damaged patients with left neglect and 43 right brain-damaged patients without neglect were asked to extend horizontal segments, either left- or rightward, starting from their right or left endpoints, respectively. Earlier experiments based on similar tasks had shown, in left neglect patients, a tendency to overextend segments toward the left side. This seemingly paradoxical phenomenon was held to undermine current explanations of unilateral neglect. The results of the present extensive research demonstrate that contralesional overextension is also evident in (...) most right brain-damaged patients without contralesional neglect. Furthermore, they show that in a minority of left neglect patients, the opposite behavior, i.e., right overextension can be found. The paper also reports the results of correlational analyses comprising the parameters of line-extension, line-bisection, and cancellation tasks, as well as the parameters relative to the Milner Landmark Task, by which a distinction is drawn between perceptual and response biases in unilateral neglect. A working hypothesis is then advanced about the brain dysfunction underlying neglect and an attempt is made at finding an explanation of neglect and the links between the mechanisms of space representation and consciousness through the study of the changes induced by unilateral brain lesions in the characteristics of space-coding neurons. Abbreviations: C, control group;GN+91,full group of neglect patients;GN+27,group of neglect patients with relative left overextension;GN+14,group of neglect patients with relative right overextension;GN-43,full group of non-neglect patients;GN-9,group of non-neglect patients with relative left overextension; H canc, H cancellation task; LE, left extension; LE/RE, ratio of left-right extension; N+, neglect patients; N-, non-neglect patients; PB Land-M, perceptual bias on Landmark motor task; PB Land-V, perceptual bias on Landmark verbal task; RB Land-M, response bias on Landmark motor task; RB Land-V, response bias on Landmark verbal task; RE, right extension. (shrink)

De Bie et al. argued that the decision “to transfer the fetus to AWT falls under maternal autonomy” while “once the fetonate is being supported by AWT, decision making would become a shared parenta...

According to the theoretical framework relating hypnosis to attention, baseline attentional functioning in highly hypnotizable individuals should be more efficient than in low hypnotizable individuals. However, previous studies did not find differences in Stroop-like tasks in which the measure indicative of the Stroop interference effect was based on response latencies. This study was designed to determine whether subjects with different levels of hypnotic susceptibility show differences in baseline attentional functioning. To assess this hypothesis, high, medium, and low hypnotizable subjects performed (...) a Stroop task designed to evaluate accuracy performance, before being subjected to hypnotic induction. Results showed that the Stroop interference effect was smaller in high hypnotizable subjects than in low hypnotizable subjects, whereas it was not different between high, and medium hypnotizable subjects. This outcome supports the notion that baseline attentional functioning is related to hypnotic susceptibility. (shrink)

This article, originally a preface to the French edition of Carl Schmitt’s book The Leviathan in the State theory of Thomas Hobbes, displays a critical analysis that not only puts the above work in context, but also raises a question about Schmitt’s appropriation of Hobbes, an author who was considered a beacon of light by the former during his whole lifetime. Thus, the article undertakes a reconstitution of Schmitt´s relevance for Political Theory and Philosophy in recent years, and then develops (...) the way Hobbes was analysed in Schmitt´s essay. The interpretation of the Jurist is not innocent at all, and the propinquity to the English author in some issues could have allowed the former to reinforce his own arguments by using the latter as a mere strategic tool. The key question the article tries to elucidate is whether this re-appropriation was successful or not. (shrink)

The hypothesis that this paper seeks to propose is that, despite all the difficulties for its conceptualization, Bataille postulates that the community is, after all, possible. To do this, we will seek to study the place of the community in Bataille's thought, a place that is not precisely identifiable at all, but rather is scattered throughout his work at different points. Thus, we will try, in the first instance, to analyze how a lost community appears in the French philosopher, in (...) order to, in a second place, investigate what was the - misguided - fascist response to that fact, and, finally, outline how it could erect a proactive model of community according to Bataille. (shrink)

El presente artículo se propone indagar el estatuto del miedo y sus declinaciones políticas en los pensamientos de Thomas Hobbes y Baruch Spinoza para interpretar su impacto en la democracia como un problema teórico político. Cuando se comparan a Hobbes y Spinoza, las interpretaciones predominantes, incluso aquellas que identifican algunas coincidencias respecto de los sentidos y efectos políticos de miedo, tienden a poner en primer plano las diferencias entre ambos. Sin embargo, la problematización de esta emoción es un punto de (...) partida para aproximarse a las teorías políticas de Hobbes y de Spinoza desde una óptica distinta. Con ese propósito, en una primera instancia, se repondrá, de manera sintética, la doctrina de los afectos de cada uno de los autores mencionados. Luego, se procederá a realizar una comparación entre dichas doctrinas, destacando un afecto en particular, el miedo. Finalmente, y es en esta sección donde se planteará el argumento central del artículo, se explotarán los corolarios de las conceptualizaciones del miedo de Hobbes y de Spinoza en relación con la política contemporánea. (shrink)