Results for 'Evidence'

965 found
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  1. Inference,".Evidence Truth - 1974 - American Philosophical Quarterly 11:79-92.
     
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  2. lb. RIGHTS.What Was Self-Evident Alas - 2009 - In Matt Zwolinski, Arguing About Political Philosophy. London: Routledge. pp. 123.
  3. Laura J. Snyder.is Evidence Historical - 1994 - In Peter Achinstein & Laura J. Snyder, Scientific methods: conceptual and historical problems. Malabar, Fla.: Krieger Pub. Co..
     
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  4.  21
    A call for total nursing role reformation: Perceptions of Ghanaian nurses.Luke Laari & Sinegugu Evidence Duma - 2023 - Nursing Inquiry 30 (3):e12549.
    Nurses in Ghana believe that training, practise, practitioner and policy reforms are required for total nursing profession reform to be effective. Their views for role reformation in the nursing profession, which is currently needed, are not only academic but also clinically relevant in the pursuit of health equity and quality nursing care. We explored and described nurses’ views on their roles in the profession using data collected from 24 professional nurses in three regional hospitals in Ghana. Using an inductive descriptive (...)
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  5. Derrick K. S. au. Ethics & Narrative In Evidence-Based - 2002 - In Julia Lai Po-Wah Tao, Cross-cultural perspectives on the (im) possibility of global bioethics. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
     
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  6. The book of evidence.Peter Achinstein - 2001 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    What is required for something to be evidence for a hypothesis? In this fascinating, elegantly written work, distinguished philosopher of science Peter Achinstein explores this question, rejecting typical philosophical and statistical theories of evidence. He claims these theories are much too weak to give scientists what they want--a good reason to believe--and, in some cases, they furnish concepts that mistakenly make all evidential claims a priori. Achinstein introduces four concepts of evidence, defines three of them by reference (...)
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  7. Evidence, Decision and Causality.Arif Ahmed - 2014 - United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
    Most philosophers agree that causal knowledge is essential to decision-making: agents should choose from the available options those that probably cause the outcomes that they want. This book argues against this theory and in favour of evidential or Bayesian decision theory, which emphasises the symptomatic value of options over their causal role. It examines a variety of settings, including economic theory, quantum mechanics and philosophical thought-experiments, where causal knowledge seems to make a practical difference. The arguments make novel use of (...)
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  8. Knowledge as evidence.Timothy Williamson - 1997 - Mind 106 (424):1-25.
    It is argued that a subject's evidence consists of all and only the propositions that the subject knows.
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  9. of variable Important to teaching performance. He wanted to get a list of meas-able variables; he wanted variables for which he could obtain evidence. He suc-ceeded well in doing this. Another example of a skill, evaluated in a different set of studies, was skill of the practitioner in leaving a patient. The skilled practitioner (1) gives. [REVIEW]Evidence Of Skill Ffirtohmlmde & Anecdotal Records - 1965 - In Karl W. Linsenmann, Proceedings. St. Louis, Lutheran Academy for Scholarship.
     
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  10. Empirical evidence and the knowledge-that/knowledge-how distinction.Marcus P. Adams - 2009 - Synthese 170 (1):97-114.
    In this article I have two primary goals. First, I present two recent views on the distinction between knowledge-that and knowledge-how (Stanley and Williamson, The Journal of Philosophy 98(8):411–444, 2001; Hetherington, Epistemology futures, 2006). I contend that neither of these provides conclusive arguments against the distinction. Second, I discuss studies from neuroscience and experimental psychology that relate to this distinction. Having examined these studies, I then defend a third view that explains certain relevant data from these studies by positing the (...)
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  11.  42
    The concept of evidence.Peter Achinstein (ed.) - 1983 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This anthology presents work on major topics surrounding the concept of evidence as employed in the empirical sciences. Focusing on the "classificatory" concept of evidence rather than the quantitative "degree of confirmation," the selections include Carl G. Hempel's satisfaction definition, R.B. Braithwaite's hypothetic-deductive view, N.R. Hanson's account of retroduction, Nelson Goodman's entrenchment theory, probability definitions discussed by Rudolf Carnap and Wesley Salmon, Clark Glymour's bootstrap theory, and a view of Achinstein's that combines probability and explanation.
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  12. The Autobiography of John Stuart Mill a Lecture Delivered in the New Hall of Science, Old Street, City Road, Under the Auspices of "the Christian Evidence Society".John Stuart Mill & Christian Evidence Society - 1874 - Hodder & Stoughton.
     
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  13. Evidence and Self-Fulfilling Belief.Gregory Antill - 2019 - American Philosophical Quarterly 56 (4):319-330.
    This paper considers the relationship between evidence and self-fulfilling beliefs—beliefs whose propositional contents will be true just in case—and because—an agent believes them. Following Grice, many philosophers hold that believing such propositions would involve an impermissible form of bootstrapping. This paper argues that such objections get their force from a popular but problematic function-model of theoretical deliberation, and that attending to the case of self-fulfilling belief can help us see why such a model is mistaken. The paper shows that (...)
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  14.  28
    Application of an evidence‐based decision rule to patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.Laura Zwaan, Abel Thijs, Cordula Wagner & Daniëlle R. M. Timmermans - 2013 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 19 (4):682-688.
  15. Coherence, evidence, and legal proof.Amalia Amaya - 2013 - Legal Theory 19 (1):1-43.
    The aim of this essay is to develop a coherence theory for the justification of evidentiary judgments in law. The main claim of the coherence theory proposed in this article is that a belief about the events being litigated is justified if and only if it is a belief that an epistemically responsible fact finder might hold by virtue of its coherence in like circumstances. The article argues that this coherentist approach to evidence and legal proof has the resources (...)
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  16.  98
    On providing evidence.Charity Anderson - 2018 - Episteme 15 (3):245-260.
    Obligations to provide evidence to others arise in many contexts. This paper develops a framework within which to understand what it is to provide evidence to someone. I argue that an initially plausible connection between evidence-providing and evidence-possession fails: it is not the case that in order to count as providing evidence to someone, the intended recipient must have the evidence. I further argue that the following is possible: evidence is provided to an (...)
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  17.  33
    The evidence approach to paraconsistency versus the paraconsistent approach to evidence.Jonas Rafael Becker Arenhart - 2020 - Synthese 198 (12):11537-11559.
    In this paper, we analyze the epistemic approach to paraconsistency. This approach is advanced as an alternative to dialetheism on what concerns interpreting paraconsistency and contradictions; instead of having to accept that there are true contradictions, it is suggested that we may understand such situations as involving only conflicting evidence, which restricts contradictions to a notion of evidence weaker than truth. In this paper, we first distinguish two conflicting programs entangled in the proposal: interpreting paraconsistency in general through (...)
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  18. Ethics, Evidence, and Cost in Newborn Screening.Mary Ann Baily & Thomas H. Murray - 2008 - Hastings Center Report 38 (3):23-31.
    When deciding what disorders to screen newborns for, we should be guided by evidence of real effectiveness, take opportunity cost into account, distribute costs and benefits fairly, and respect human rights. Current newborn screening policy does not meet these requirements.
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  19.  62
    Evidence for the automatic evaluation of self-generated actions.Kristien Aarts, Jan De Houwer & Gilles Pourtois - 2012 - Cognition 124 (2):117-127.
  20. Acceptibility, Evidence, and Severity.Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay & Gordon G. Brittan - 2006 - Synthese 148 (2):259-293.
    The notion of a severe test has played an important methodological role in the history of science. But it has not until recently been analyzed in any detail. We develop a generally Bayesian analysis of the notion, compare it with Deborah Mayo’s error-statistical approach by way of sample diagnostic tests in the medical sciences, and consider various objections to both. At the core of our analysis is a distinction between evidence and confirmation or belief. These notions must be kept (...)
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  21. Stronger evidence.Peter Achinstein - 1994 - Philosophy of Science 61 (3):329-350.
    According to a standard account of evidence, one piece of information is stronger evidence for an hypothesis than is another iff the probability of the hypothesis on the one is greater than it is on the other. This condition, I argue, is neither necessary nor sufficient because various factors can strengthen the evidence for an hypothesis without increasing (and even decreasing) its probability. Contrary to what probabilists claim, I show that this obtains even if a probability function (...)
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  22. Evil and Evidence: A Reply to Bass.Mike Almeida - 2023 - Religious Studies.
    In ‘Evil is Still Evidence: Comments on Almeida’ Robert Bass presents three objections to the central argument (ENE) in my ‘Evil is Not Evidence’. The first objection is that ENE is invalid. According to the second objection, it is a consequence of ENE that there can be no evidence for or against a posteriori necessities. The third objection is that, contrary to ENE, the likelihood of certain necessary identities varies with the evidence we have for them. (...)
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  23. (1 other version)New directions for evidence science, complex adaptative systems, and a possibly unprovable hypothesis about human flourishing.Ronald J. Allen - 2020 - In Jordi Ferrer Beltrán & Carmen Vázquez, Evidential Legal Reasoning: Crossing Civil Law and Common Law Traditions. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  24. The Moon as Evidence.Max Radin - 1923 - Classical Weekly 17:79-80.
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  25.  38
    Is There Cross-Cultural Evidence for an Association Between Intersectionality and Bioethical Decision Making? Not Yet, but Awaiting Advances in Mental Mapping.Darryl R. J. Macer - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (2):34-36.
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  26.  39
    Historical narratives, evidence, and explanations.Paolo Garbolino - 2011 - In Dennis Dieks, Wenceslao Gonzalo, Thomas Uebel, Stephan Hartmann & Marcel Weber, Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation. Springer. pp. 293--303.
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  27. The Problem of Immediate Evidence: The Case of Spinoza and Hegel.Amihud Gilead - 1985 - Hegel-Studien 20:145-162.
  28. Quantification as reference: Evidence from q-verbs.Maria Bittner andNaja Trondhjem - 2008 - In Lisa Matthewson, Quantification: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Emerald. pp. 7.
     
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  29.  64
    Evidence for massive redeployment of brain areas in cognitive functions.Michael Anderson - 2006
    sides of the argument. MRH is supported by some case studies of redeployment, and an empirical review of 135..
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  30. Courage, Evidence, And Epistemic Virtue.Osvil Acosta-Morales - 2006 - Florida Philosophical Review 6 (1):8-16.
    I present here a case against the evidentialist approach that claims that in so far as our interests are epistemic what should guide our belief formation and revision is always a strict adherence to the available evidence. I go on to make the stronger claim that some beliefs based on admittedly “insufficient” evidence may exhibit epistemic virtue. I propose that we consider a form of courage to be an intellectual or epistemic virtue. It is through this notion of (...)
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  31.  8
    Bodies of evidence: ethics, aesthetics, and politics of movement.Gurur Ertem & Sandra Noeth (eds.) - 2018 - Vienna: Passagen Verlag.
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  32. Processing time evidence for a default-interventionist model of probability judgments.Ellen Gillard, Wim Van Dooren, Walter Schaeken & Lieven Verschaffel - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn, Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
     
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  33.  8
    Mechanisms, Evidence, and Abductive Hypotheses.Cristina Barés Gómez & Matthieu Fontaine - 2025 - Global Philosophy 35 (1):1-24.
    What is the role played by mechanisms in medical reasoning? In this paper, we provide an inferential study of the use of mechanisms in medical reasoning. Medical reasoning includes clinical reasoning and biomedical research reasoning. It is not conceived in terms of a specific form of inference, but as a complex form of reasoning involving abductions, deductions, and inductions. This methodology sheds a new light on the notion of mechanistic evidence, which has been the object of a regain of (...)
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  34.  73
    Linguistic evidence supports date for Homeric epics.Eric Lewin Altschuler, Andreea S. Calude, Andrew Meade & Mark Pagel - 2013 - Bioessays 35 (5):417-420.
    The Homeric epics are among the greatest masterpieces of literature, but when they were produced is not known with certainty. Here we apply evolutionary-linguistic phylogenetic statistical methods to differences in Homeric, Modern Greek and ancient Hittite vocabulary items to estimate a date of approximately 710–760 BCE for these great works. Our analysis compared a common set of vocabulary items among the three pairs of languages, recording for each item whether the words in the two languages were cognate – derived from (...)
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  35.  30
    Causality and evidence discovery in epidemiology.Michael Joffe - 2011 - In Dennis Dieks, Wenceslao Gonzalo, Thomas Uebel, Stephan Hartmann & Marcel Weber, Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation. Springer. pp. 153--166.
  36.  21
    7 Legal Evidence: Judging the Verities of Advocates.Cherie Booth - 2008 - In Andrew Bell, John Swenson-Wright & Karin Tybjerg, Evidence. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19--149.
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  37. The concept of confirming evidence.Rudolf Carnap - 1983 - In Peter Achinstein, The concept of evidence. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  38.  24
    Anticipations of Progress: Historical Evidence for a Realist Epistemology.Kenneth Goodman - 1994 - In Dag Prawitz & Dag Westerståhl, Logic and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala: Papers From the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 273--295.
  39. Consciousness and commissurotomy: 6. evidence for normal dual consciousness.Thomas Natsoulas - 1991 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 16 (2):181-205.
  40. Confirmation and Evidence Distinguished.Mark Taper, Gordon Brittan, Prasanta Bandyopadhyay, Mark L. Taper, Gordon Brittan Jr & Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay - 2016 - In Mark Taper, Gordon Brittan & Prasanta Bandyopadhyay, Belief, Evidence, and Uncertainty: Problems of Epistemic Inference. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag.
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  41. The Scientific Evidence for a Future Life.G. N. M. Tyrrell - 1942 - Hibbert Journal 41:226.
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  42.  60
    Is evidence of language-like properties evidence of a language-of-thought architecture?Nuhu Osman Attah & Edouard Machery - 2023 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e264.
    We argue that Quilty-Dunn et al.'s commitment to representational pluralism undermines their case for the language-of-thought hypothesis as the evidence they present is consistent with the operation of the other representational formats that they are willing to accept.
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  43. Text annotations : examining evidence for a multisemiotic instinct and the intertextuality of the sign in a database of pristine self-directed communication.Bassey E. Antia & Lynn Mafofo - 2021 - In Sinfree B. Makoni & Deryn P. Verity, Integrational Linguistics and Philosophy of Language in the Global South. New York: Routledge.
     
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  44. Novel democracy: readers, evidence, and the commonplace book of Elizabeth Phillips Payson, 1806-1825.Gordon Fraser - 2023 - In Robert Mason Hauser & Adrianna Link, Evidence: the use and misuse of data. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society Press.
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  45. Bodies in Evidence: Race, Gender, and Science in Sexual Assault Adjudication.[author unknown] - 2021
  46. Introduction: On evidence and inference.D. Lerner - 1959 - In Daniel Lerner, Evidence and inference. Chicago,: Free Press of Glencoe. pp. 7--18.
     
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  47.  7
    Explanation and Evidence.Peter Lipton - 1985
  48.  23
    Clear and convincing evidence: the case of Nancy Cruzan.Richard A. McCormick - 1990 - Midwest Medical Ethics: A Publication of the Midwest Bioethics Center 6 (4):10.
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  49. Does Truth Supervene on Evidence?James van Cleve - 1995 - In Elias E. Savellos & Ümit D. Yalçin, Supervenience: New Essays. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  50.  60
    How to consult an expert? Opinion versus evidence.Thomas Lanzi & Jerome Mathis - 2011 - Theory and Decision 70 (4):447-474.
    In this article, two modes of non-binding communication between an expert and a decision-maker are compared. They are distinguished mainly by the nature of the information transmitted by the expert. In the first one, the expert reports only his opinion (soft information) concerning the desirability of a certain action, whereas in the second one, he is consulted to provide evidence (hard information) to convince the decision-maker. The expert’s ability to provide evidence increases with the precision of his information. (...)
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