The application of machine learning algorithms to healthcare data can enhance patient care while also reducing healthcare worker cognitive load. These algorithms can be used to detect anomalous physiological readings, potentially leading to expedited emergency response or new knowledge about the development of a health condition. However, while there has been much research conducted in assessing the performance of anomaly detection algorithms on well-known public datasets, there is less conceptual comparison across unsupervised and supervised performance on physiological data. Moreover, while (...) heart rate data are both ubiquitous and noninvasive, there has been little research specifically for anomaly detection of this type of data. Considering that heart rate data are indicative of both potential health complications and an individual’s physical activity, this is a rich source of largely overlooked data. To this end, we employed and evaluated five machine learning algorithms, two of which are unsupervised and the remaining three supervised, in their ability to detect anomalies in heart rate data. These algorithms were then evaluated on real heart rate data. Findings supported the effectiveness of local outlier factor and random forests algorithms in the task of heart rate anomaly detection, as each model generalized well from their training on simulated heart rate data to real world heart rate data. Furthermore, results support that simulated data can help configure algorithms to a degree of performance when real labeled data are not available and that this type of learning might be especially helpful in initial deployment of a system without prior data. (shrink)

A meaningful distinction can be made between functions and mere effects in biological systems without resorting to teleological arguments: (i) biological systems must cope with a multitude of problems or they will cease to exist; (ii) the solutions to these problems invariably depend on circular causal chains (“feedback loops”); and (iii) biological functions are attributes of elements in biological systems that have an effect which, by contributing to the correcting behavior of a feedback control system, assists in solving a biological (...) problem. The analysis is applied to several biological systems. The proposed solution is discussed primarily in its relation to two popular approaches to the concept of biological function, i.e., the “causal role accounts” and the “selected effect accounts”. (shrink)

The time that has elapsed since the Twenty-sixth Congress of the CPSU has confirmed the accuracy and profundity of the congress's analysis of the principal processes taking place in the development of humankind today. This analysis is very relevant for an understanding of the dialectics of war, peace, and social progress in our epoch. The congress emphasized that the struggle to reduce the threat of world war and to curb the arms race has been, and continues to be, the central (...) direction in the foreign political activity of the CPSU and the Soviet State. "In defending peace," L. I. Brezhnev stated in the Report of the Central Committee of the CPSU, "we are working not just for people living today, and not just for our children and grandchildren: we are working for the happiness of countless future generations.". (shrink)

Fé e crime na “quebrada”: pentecostais e PCC na construção da sociabilidade nas periferias de São Paulo (Faith and crime in the "quebrada": Pentecostalism and PCC in the construction of sociability in the outskirts of São Paulo). DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2014v12n33p99 Tratamos, neste texto, da convivência em um mesmo ambiente urbano de fenômenos aparentemente díspares como é o caso do pentecostalismo de um lado e, de outro, o crime organizado e a violência como seu modus operandi , ambos representando expressões de sociabilidade (...) e formação identitária nas periferias das metrópoles. Nesse contexto, o conceito de conversão precisa ser revisto dada a sua ineficácia para se compreender os processos sociais experimentados pelas populações dos bairros periféricos. Nesses bairros, ser pentecostal não é necessariamente uma opção de vida que exclui a participação na organização criminosa do Primeiro Comando da Capital - PCC. O artigo está dividido em dois tópicos: no primeiro, fazemos um breve levantamento dos estudos que trabalham com as diferentes formas em que a religião e a violência criam interfaces de contato. No segundo tópico procuramos apresentar nossas observações empíricas de uma comunidade pentecostal da qual faz parte um dos líderes locais do PCC. As conclusões são apontamentos que procuram manter abertas as portas para outras reflexões e dar continuidade à pesquisa mais do que para encerrar o debate. Palavras chaves : Pentecostalismo. PCC. Crime organizado. Conversão.In this paper we look at the coexistence, in the same urban environment, of seemingly disparate phenomena such as Pentecostalism on one side, and on the other the organized crime and violence as its modus operandi , two of the expressions of sociability and identity in the outskirts of the metropolis. In this context the concept of conversion needs to be revised given its ineffectiveness to understanding social and religious processes experienced by the populations of the suburbs. In these neighborhoods, be Pentecostal is not necessarily a lifestyle choice that precludes participation in a criminal organization like the Primeiro Comando da Capital, PCC. The article is divided into two topics: first, we made a brief survey of studies that work with the different ways in which religion and violence make some interfaces. After we tried to present our empirical observations about a Pentecostal community in which a PCC local leader is part of. The notes of the conclusion are looking to keep the doors open to other ideas and to continue the research more than to wind up the debate. Keywords : Pentecostalism. PCC. Organized crime. Conversion. (shrink)

Neste artigo queremos por sob escrutínio o papel dos santuários de devoção popular e sua cria dileta, o turismo religioso, em face da formação da identidade nacional. Afirmamos aqui que o lugar da religião como força de criação identitária é visível e quase que auto evidente no fenômeno moderno das migrações. No entanto, a mesma evidência não se impõe quando focamos os olhos no fenômeno turístico e em especial no turismo religioso que acontece em torno dos santuários nacionais.. Discute ainda (...) a dificuldade que a religião encontra em criar um substrato cultural sobre o qual edificar a identidade brasileira. O Santuário Nacional de Aparecida, o mais emblemático santuário brasileiro tampouco consegue produzir uma narrativa hegemônica na qual os brasileiros possam se reconhecer como tais. (shrink)

The paper is based on the findings of an empirical research on the application of information and communications technology in vocational schools in Zagreb and the Zagreb County. The authors analysed the interviews with vocational school teachers and students arranged in 6 focus groups. The analysis focussed on the objectives and manners in which the teachers and students usually use ICT, the perceived advantages and disadvantages of the use of ICT for educational purposes, and their suggestions for advancing the application (...) of ICT in schools. The analysis also discussed whether the application of ICT benefited the constructivist teaching, as well as the potential obstacles and stimulating factors for implementing ICT in teaching. The findings indicate that even though the teachers use ICT almost on daily basis, the teaching process is still largely dominated by traditional teaching methods. According to the findings, lack of computer equipment in schools, inadequate teacher training, inadequate curricula for vocational education, and the inadequate study programmes where the teachers are educated for the application of ICT in the teaching process are considered as obstacles for implementing ICT in education. In addition, teachers emphasised the lack of time and low income which often leads to their lack of motivation for the use of ICT in education. (shrink)

Em um primeiro momento, faço uma breve avaliação qualitativa da produção acadêmica sobre o pentecostalismo no Brasil. Em seguida, reflito sobre o processo de conversão ao pentecostalismo nos quilombos do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo. A conversão em comunidades tradicionais, como as de caiçaras e quilombolas, tem se mantido como uma lacuna nas pesquisas dos estudiosos. No mínimo, as circunstâncias e os contextos em que se dão essas conversões não têm sido levados em consideração. Aponto aqui as relações entre formas (...) tradicionais e modernas de organização social como um dos fatores importantes para se entender a razão do forte apelo que o pentecostalismo exerce sobre as comunidades tradicionais. A capacidade que as igrejas pentecostais têm de fazer uma interface amigável no processo de transição para a modernidade e, ao mesmo tempo, de garantir a permanência de elementos tradicionais importantes para a manutenção de estruturas sociais necessárias à sobrevivência do grupo dá ao pentecostalismo a vantagem competitiva que lhe confere papel de destaque nas comunidades estudadas. Palavras-chave : Pentecostalismo; Conversão; Comunidades Tradicionais; Modernidade; Vale do Ribeira.This article makes a brief qualitative evaluation of the academic production on Pentecostalism in Brazil and also reflects on the process of convertion to Pentecostalism in the quilombos communities on the Vale do Ribeira in São Paulo. Research scholars have left out the conversions in traditional communities such as the caiçaras and the quilombolas. The circumstances and contexts in which these conversions take place have not been taken into consideration. This articles also presents the relationship between traditional and modern forms of social organization as an important factor to understand the reason for the strong appeal of Pentecostalism on traditional communities. The ability that Pentecostal churches have to make a friendly interface in the transition process to modernity and, at the same time, to ensure the continuation of those traditional and relevant elements for the maintenance of social structures necessary for the survival of the group, gives to Pentecostalism the competitive advantage which guarantees to the Pentecostal Groups a prominent role in the communities studied. Key words : Pentecostalism; Conversion; Traditional Communities; Modernity; Vale do Ribeira. (shrink)

VSEBINAPredgovor k prvi izdajiPredgovor k drugi izdajiUvodI. O razliki med čistim in empiričnim spoznanjemII. V posesti imamo neka apriorna spoznanja, in celo navadni razum ni nikoli brez takšnih spoznanjIII. Filozofija potrebuje neko znanost, ki bi določila možnost, principe in obseg vseh apriornih spoznanjIV. O razliki med analitičnimi in sintetičnimi sodbamiV. V vseh teoretičnih znanostih uma so kot principi vsebovane apriorne sinteticne sodbeVI. Obča naloga čistega umaVII. Ideja in razdelitev posebne znanosti z imenom kritika čistega uma1. Transcendentalni nauk o elementihPrvi del. (...) Transcendentalna estetika§ 1.Prvi odsek. O prostoru§ 2. Metafizična ekspozicija tega pojma§ 3. Transcendentalna ekspozicija pojma prostoraSklepi iz gornjih pojmovDrugi odsek. O času§ 4. Metafizična ekspozicija pojma časa§ 5. Transcendentalna ekspozicija pojma časa§ 6. Sklepi iz teh pojmov§ 7. Pojasnilo§ 8. Obče opombe k transcendentalni estetikiZaključek transcendentalne estetikeDrugi del. Transcendentalna logikaUvod. Ideja transcendentalne logikeI. O logiki nasplohII. O transcendentalni logikiIII. O razdelitvi obče logike na analitiko in dialektikoIV. O razdelitvi transcendentalne logike na transcendentalno analitiko in dialektikoPrvi razdelek. Transcendentalna analitikaPrva knjiga. Analitika pojmovPrvo poglavje. O vodilu za odkrtije vseh čistih razumskih pojmovPrvi odsek. O logični rabi razuma nasplohDrugi odsek§ 9. O logični funkciji razuma v sodbahTretji odsek§ 10. O čistih razumskih pojmih ali kategorijah§ 11.§ 12.Drugo poglavje. O dedukciji čistih razumskih pojmovPrvi odsek§ 13. O principih transcendentalne dedukcije nasploh[§ 14.] Prehod k transcendentalni dedukciji kategorijDrugi odsek. Transcendentalna dedukcija čistih razumskih pojmov [B]§ 15. O možnosti povezave nasploh§ 16. O izvorni sintetični enotnosti apercepcije§ 17. Načelo sintetične enotnosti apercepcije je najvišji princip vse rabe razuma§ 18. Kaj je objektivna enotnost samozavedanja§ 19. Logična forma vseh sodb je v objektivni enotnosti apercepcije v njih vsebovanih pojmov§ 20. Vsi čutni zori so podvrženi kategorijam kot pogojem, pod katerimi se njihovo raznoterje edino lahko združi v eno zavest§ 21. Opomba§ 22. Kategorija nima nobene druge rabe za spoznanje reči, kot je njena aplikacija na predmete izkustva§ 23.§ 24. O aplikaciji kategorij na predmete čutov nasploh§ 25.§ 26. Transcendentalna dedukcija obče možne izkustvene rabe čistih razumskih pojmov§ 27. Rezultat te dedukcije razumskih pojmovDrugi odsek. O apriornih temeljih za možnost izkustva [A]Vnaprejšnje opozorilo1. O sintezi aprehenzije v zoru2. O sintezi reprodukcije v upodobitvi3. O sintezi rekognicije v pojmu4. Preliminarna razlaga možnosti kategorij kot apriornih spoznanjTretji odsek. O razmerju razuma do predmetov nasploh in možnosti, da jih spoznamo apriori [A]Sumarična predstavitev pravilnosti in edine možnosti te dedukcije čistih razumskih pojmov [A]Druga knjiga. Analitika načelUvod. O transcendentalni razsodni moči nasplohPrvo poglavje. O shematizmu čistih razumskih pojmov. (shrink)

Na podlagi kritičnega pregleda teoretskih razprav Branislava Djurdjeva, v katerih nam avtor predstavi svojo koncepcijo razvoja historične metode, skuša pisec - ob pomoči Mirjane Gross -prikazati, kako nas vztrajno in nereflektirano zagovarjanje edine prave metode zgodovinopisja postavi v položaj, ko zgodovino kot epistčme razumemo samo še kot sredstvo za »razsvetljevanje« sodobnikov, se pravi kot zgodovino, iz katere se je treba učiti in na podlagi njenih naukov spreminjati ali potrjevati lastna stališča.

Excerpt from David Hume's Kausalitatstheorie und Ihre Bedeutung fur die Begrundung der Theorie der Induktion Burton, Life and correspondence of David Hume, 1 and 11. Edin burgh 1846. (s. 35 That Hama had read much in philosophy, before he undertook his great work, cannot be doubted but he does not drug his reuden through the minutiae of his studies, and is content with giving them results. (ibid. S. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and (...) classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)