This article aims to present a discussion about childhood from the issues raised by the short film entitled Alma, directed, produced and scripted by the filmmaker André Morais. In the work, we experience a day in the life of a girl who lives with her grandmother and who, throughout the plot, weaves questions about her own existence, the senses of life and the dimensions of the relationships we establish with each other. It is discussed in this article, therefore, the power (...) of cinema and childhood as dimensions that invite a dialogue capable of converging art and life, also revitalizing the field of science, from the reflections that are dear to the dynamics of human experience. What conceptions of childhood are presented in the production? In what ways does the chosen approach broaden the discussion about childhood and cinema as potencies? To what extent do the questions raised by the child connect their childhood experience to the experiences of those who watch it on screen? In order to mobilize the discussion, the text is organized from scenes, which characterize the sequence of events that give meaning to what the film wants to express. In the first, the central theme is presented; in the second, the questions for which the short awakens us throughout the narrative; and in the third, it seeks to expand the possibilities of reading, rather than closing them. These scenes support the discussions brought here through Walter Benjamin, Mikhail Bakhtin, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Aristotle and Hannah Arendt. (shrink)

Ao longo desse texto intencionamos desenvolver a ideia segundo a qual há uma estreita conexão estrutural entre categorias como vontade, razão, autonomia, liberdade e causalidade no interior da filosofia prática de Kant. Assim, partindo da identificação de vontade e razão procuraremos demonstrar que esse paralelismo só é possível por meio da purificação da vontade e pela atribuição de uma função prática à razão. Entretanto, somente a purificação da vontade ainda não será suficiente para permitir a identificação entre vontade e razão. (...) Com efeito, para identificá-las devemos demonstrar como passar da liberdade da vontade, da liberdade considerada negativamente, portanto, para a liberdade da razão prática, enquanto liberdade em sentido positivo. (shrink)

Nun liegt dieses große prosopographische Werk in erstaunlich kurzer Zeit abgeschlossen vor. Noch weit mehr als bei der PLRE und dem PLP bedurfte dieses Instrumentum studiorum einer Aufschlüsselung durch umfassende Register. Wie beim PLP ist auch hier passenderweise auf den Seiten 7–84 ein vollständiges, erneuertes Abkürzungsverzeichnis vorangestellt . Darauf folgen sehr willkommene Addenda und Corrigenda , in die erfreulicherweise auch so manches aus meinen ausführlichen Rezensionen eingeflossen ist. Der Hauptteil des Bandes mit den Indices wird eingeleitet durch eine Auflistung sämtlicher (...) Namensvarianten, Familiennamen und Beinamen . Danach folgt ein eher unerwartetes, vermutlich auch nicht sonderlich wichtiges Verzeichnis der Quellenstellen . Als sicherlich bedeutendstes Register ist das der Titel und Berufe zu betrachten, durch das ja erst umfassende Studien zur Verwaltungs-, Wirtschafts-, Sozialgeschichte usw. ermöglicht werden bzw. erhebliche Erleichterung erfahren. Den Abschluß bilden – auch hier folgt die PMBZ dem Vorbild des PLP – die geographischen und topographischen Namen, deren Auflistung im Rahmen einer Prosopographie ja nicht unbedingt zu erwarten ist. (shrink)

Hitler rend visite en 1932 à la sœur de Nietzsche qui règne à Weimar sur les archives de son frère; Mussolini, devenu fasciste, subventionne l'entreprise d'édition de ses oeuvres: est-ce à dire que le philosophe, qui meurt en 1900, mais dont l'œuvre s'arrête en 1889, a pu contribuer à l'apparition du fascisme et du nazisme, alimenter leur propagande et soutenir leur idéologie raciste? Les faits nous apprennent au contraire que les efforts des nazis pour l'enrôler ont été vains, et que (...) les Archives Nietzsche sont même passées à la trappe dès la déclaration du conflit. La 'volonté de puissance' justifie-t-elle la formation d'une hiérarchie des valeurs qui exigerait une 'race forte' pour s'imposer? N'y a-t-il pas chez Nietzsche une exaltation de la force, de la guerre, de la 'barbarie' créatrice? Sa critique de la pitié, de la compassion pour tous les êtres vulnérables ne fait aucun doute. Pourtant, il s'oppose à tous les nationalismes comme à l'État ou aux masses. La plupart des courants et tendances du XXe siècle se sont réclamés de la pensée du philosophe. Dans ce livre, Marc de Launay rappelle que Nietzsche espère la venue des esprits libres affranchis des phobies raciales."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

To ensure ethical employee behavior, companies often utilize several forms of mostly one-way communication such as codes of conduct. The extent to which these efforts, in addition to informing about the company stance on ethics, are able to positively influence behavior is disputed. In contrast, research on business ethics communication and behavior indicates a relatively clear, positive link between open workplace dialogue about ethical issues and ethical conduct. In this article, I therefore address the question: What influences employee attitudes to (...) talking openly about ethical issues? Answers are proposed on the basis of focus group interviews with staff at the Denmark and Brazil affiliates of the global healthcare company Novo Nordisk. It was found that interest in discussing ethical issues was influenced by two main factors: employee conceptualizations of business ethics and the level of inter-collegial trust, credibility, and confidence. In this article, by examining these phenomena, I aim at providing insight that can both inform scholars in these fields as well as help managers in their attempts to promote open workplace dialogue about ethical issues. (shrink)

Is God's foreknowledge compatible with human freedom? One of the most attractive attempts to reconcile the two is the Ockhamistic view, which subscribes not only to human freedom and divine omniscience, but retains our most fundamental intuitions concerning God and time: that the past is immutable, that God exists and acts in time, and that there is no backward causation. In order to achieve all that, Ockhamists distinguish ‘hard facts’ about the past which cannot possibly be altered from ‘soft facts’ (...) about the past which are alterable, and argue that God's prior beliefs about human actions are soft facts about the past. (shrink)

Y a-t-il une experience de la sante? La sante n'est-elle que l'absence de maladies? Etre en bonne sante, est-ce la meme chose qu'etre normal? Dois-je attendre de voir ce que l'avenir me reserve pour juger de l'etat de ma sante? La difference entre sante et maladie est-elle une difference comme les autres? Voila certaines des questions que pose le present ouvrage, grace a une methode qui croise la philosophie avec d'autres types de savoirs : la medecine, la biologie, mais aussi (...) la litterature et les sciences humaines. Cette etude conduit a confronter l'approche issue de Canguilhem avec d'autres conceptions philosophiques moins connues en France : celles de Boorse, Engelhardt et Nordenfelt. Il en ressort que les notions de sante et de maladie sont d'un maniement extremement delicat du fait de leur imprecision, sans doute irreductible, et du poids ideologique qui est le leur. Elles n'en sont pas moins centrales dans notre experience et dans les enjeux politiques d'aujourd'hui. (shrink)

How rational are classical nationalist attitudes, and their more recent cousins, populist quasi-nationalist attitudes? This article addresses these questions from the perspectives of instrumental and bounded conceptions of rationality. It demonstrates that on both conceptions pernicious nationalistic attitudes may count as perfectly rational, while remaining clearly irrational in a wider prescriptive sense. The article concludes by pointing to alternative conceptions of rationality and to cosmopolitan remedies for global problems inadequately addressed within nationalistic frameworks.

Wittgenstein’s concepts shed light on the phenomenon of schizophrenia in at least three different ways: with a view to empathy, scientific explanation, or philosophical clarification. I consider two different “positive” wittgensteinian accounts―Campbell’s idea that delusions involve a mechanism of which different framework propositions are parts, Sass’ proposal that the schizophrenic patient can be described as a solipsist, and a Rhodes’ and Gipp’s account, where epistemic aspects of schizophrenia are explained as failures in the ordinary background of certainties. I argue that (...) none of them amounts to empathic-phenomenological understanding, but they provide examples of how philosophical concepts can contribute to scientific explanation, and to philosophical clarification respectively. (shrink)

El propósito de este texto es ofrecer una visión general de la relación entre nación e historia en los debates que se generaron por parte de los historiadores y otros intelectuales de las ciencias sociales a finales del siglo XIX y durante gran parte del siglo XX. La reflexión central que se plantea consiste entonces en estudiar y mostrar cómo al mismo tiempo que las naciones modernas eran objeto de un proceso de redefinición política, en el escenario intelectual de las (...) ciencias sociales, y en particular de los historiadores, fueron apareciendo también un conjunto de debates y obras que intentaban problematizar y someter a consideración las relaciones que pretendían establecerse entre la nación y la historia como un elemento que las justificaba. (shrink)