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  1.  29
    Moral Reasoning and Its Connections With Machiavellianism and Authoritarianism: The Critical Roles of Index Choice and Utilization.E. Sharon Mason & Peter E. Mudrack - 2019 - Business and Society 58 (4):779-812.
    Moral reasoning typically relates unexpectedly weakly with both Machiavellianism and authoritarianism. Although researchers often explain this by pointing to apparent shortcomings in both the construct and the measure of moral reasoning, such explanations are questionable given the many instances of support for hypotheses involving moral reasoning using the same construct and measure. As these latter cannot only sometimes be flawed, we explored the possible influence of moral reasoning index choice on observed results by using multiple indices available in the Defining (...)
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  2.  76
    Dilemmas, Conspiracies, and Sophie’s Choice: Vignette Themes and Ethical Judgments.Peter E. Mudrack & E. Sharon Mason - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 118 (3):639-653.
    Knowledge about ethical judgments has not advanced appreciably after decades of research. Such research, however, has rarely addressed the possible importance of the content of such judgments; that is, the material appearing in the brief vignettes or scenarios on which survey respondents base their evaluations. Indeed, this content has seemed an afterthought in most investigations. This paper closely examined the vast array of vignettes that have appeared in relevant research in an effort to reduce this proliferation to a more concise (...)
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  3.  24
    A relativistic approach to moral judgment in individuals: Review and reinterpretation.Peter E. Mudrack & E. Sharon Mason - 2020 - Business Ethics: A European Review 29 (2):403-416.
    Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.
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  4.  52
    Do complex moral reasoners experience greater ethical work conflict?E. Sharon Mason & Peter E. Mudrack - 1997 - Journal of Business Ethics 16 (12-13):1311-1318.
    Individuals who disagree that organizational interests legitimately supersede those of the wider society may experience conflict between their personal standards of ethics and those demanded by an employing organization, a conflict that is well documented. An additional question is whether or not individuals capable of complex moral reasoning experience greater conflict than those reasoning at a less developed level. This question was first positioned in a theoretical framework and then investigated using 115 survey responses from a student sample. Correlational analysis (...)
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  5.  27
    (1 other version)Utilitarian Traits and the Janus-Headed Model: Origins, Meaning, and Interpretation.Peter E. Mudrack & E. Sharon Mason - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 156 (1):227-240.
    Two distinct and perhaps mutually exclusive understandings of utilitarianism have emerged in the ethics literature. Utilitarianism is typically regarded as an approach to determine ethicality by focusing on whether or not actions produce the greater good, but has also been conceptualized as a set of traits to which individuals might be predisposed. This paper is designed to clarify the meaning and implications of such utilitarian traits as “results-oriented,” “innovative,” and “a winner.” Although the Janus-headed model of ethical theory from which (...)
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  6.  45
    Individual ethical beliefs and perceived organizational interests.Peter E. Mudrack & E. Sharon Mason - 1996 - Journal of Business Ethics 15 (8):851 - 861.
    Two contrasting types of individuals were each predicted to agree, for different reasons, that conventional ethical standards of society need not be upheld if organizational interests appear to demand otherwise. The hypotheses were investigated using questionnaire responses from two samples (employed and student, total N=308). Clear support was obtained for the prediction that individuals inclined toward self-interest and behavior counter to conventional standards would agree with the preceding position. Partial support was obtained for the hypothesis that individuals who simply feel (...)
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  7.  84
    Gender and ethical orientation: A test of gender and occupational socialization theories. [REVIEW]E. Sharon Mason & Peter E. Mudrack - 1996 - Journal of Business Ethics 15 (6):599 - 604.
    Ethics and associated values influence not only managerial behavior but also managerial success (England and Lee, 1973). Gender socialization theory hypothesizes gender differences in ethics variables whether or not individuals are full time employees; occupational socialization hypothesizes gender similarity in employees. The conflicting hypotheses were investigated using questionnaire responses from a sample of 308 individuals. Analysis of variance and hierarchical regression yielded unexpected results. Although no significant gender differences emerged in individuals lacking full time employment, significant differences existed between employed (...)
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  8.  61
    Ethical Judgments: What Do We Know, Where Do We Go? [REVIEW]Peter E. Mudrack & E. Sharon Mason - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 115 (3):575-597.
    Investigations into ethical judgments generally seem fuzzy as to the relevant research domain. We first attempted to clarify the construct and determine domain parameters. This attempt required addressing difficulties associated with pinpointing relevant literature, most notably the varied nomenclature used to refer to ethical judgments (individual evaluations of actions’ ethicality). Given this variation in construct nomenclature and the difficulties it presented in identifying pertinent focal studies, we elected to focus on research that cited papers featuring prominent and often-used measures of (...)
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  9.  17
    Vignette Themes and Moral Reasoning in Business Contexts: The Case for the Defining Issues Test. [REVIEW]Peter E. Mudrack & E. Sharon Mason - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 181 (4):979-995.
    Some researchers interested in assessing moral reasoning among business practitioners or students have developed their own vignettes or scenarios set in business contexts, based on assumptions that the situations presented in the often-used Defining Issues Test (DIT) will somehow be inappropriate for these specific types of respondents. This paper is the first to examine in depth both the actual details contained in these business-oriented scenarios and empirical findings emerging from them. Among this paper’s conclusions are: (1) assumptions underpinning the presumed (...)
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