Uma das abordagens que estuda o construto da motivação é a teoria da autodeterminação, que discrimina diferentes estilos motivacionais: desmotivação, motivação extrínseca e motivação intrínseca. Este estudoobjetivou identificar motivações de acadêmicos de um curso de Educação Física do estado São Paulo, Brasil, para participarem de uma capacitação em natação para pessoas com deficiência físicas, bem como a motivação para atuação como tutores desse mesmo grupo. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram 20 acadêmicos do curso (...) de Educação Física,divididos em: capacitação teórica – CT e capacitação teórica associada a tutoria em natação adaptada-CTP. Após análise, as seguintes categorias e subcategorias foram estabelecidas: motivação extrínseca (objetivos ou ganhos futuros; decorrente de fatores externos e vinculada à recompensa ou punição) e desmotivação (sentimentos e percepções). Conclui-se que os principais fatores que motivaram os acadêmicos estiveram vinculados à motivação extrínseca. (shrink)

Este artigo aborda as reflexões de Lacan, quando este analisa o diálogo Banquetede Platão, tendo como horizonte as questões dos sofistas e a cultura grega.

In Hannah Arendt's political theory, thinking does not precede action; instead, thinking follows from action, because thinking is ‘apolitical’. Arendt first determines politics (action) as the opposite of philosophy (thinking) and later explains the primacy of politics: politics, which follows from the reversal of the metaphysical hierarchy, can be reconstructed as anti-metaphysics. However, the method of reversing the metaphysical hierarchy is fraught with difficulties that justify the critique of the primacy of politics as the central condition of a political theory, (...) because the price of the primacy of politics is the loss of the individual’s autonomy. Because one cannot understand Arendt's political theory (in terms of content) without recognising the (systemic) dichotomy between politics and philosophy, this book contains a glossary which explains what meaning the terms listed have in her political theory. (shrink)

V rámci této stati jsou publikovány první české překlady dvou dopisů, které si v listopadu roku 1675 mezi sebou vyměnili B. Spinoza a G. H. Schuller. Obsahem dopisů, které jsou logickým pokračováním korespondence z léta téhož roku, jsou další námitky proti některým tvrzením Spinozovy Etiky a filosofovy odpovědi na tyto námitky. Diskuse se opět týkala problému atributů Boha. Kromě toho se dopisy týkají i kontaktů B. Spinozy s W. Ehrenfriedem von Tschirnhausen a G. W. Leibnizem.

Comrades, the fact that a special report on the activity of the Young Communist International is on the agenda of the Sixth Congress of the Comintern shows that the Congress pays the greatest attention to the youth movement. Nevertheless, the fact must not be passed over in silence that the Communist Parties devote insufficient direction and support to the work of the, youth organizations.

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:The Solarpunk Conference by From Imagination to ActionAriel Kroon and Kees SchullerFrom Imagination to Action, The Solarpunk Conference, June 24, 2023, VirtualThe Solarpunk Conference was born out of the desire to see an accessible space dedicated to discussions of solarpunk. With solarpunk growing in popularity in both popular and academic circles, the need for such a space seemed obvious to the organizers. The organizers also felt the need (...) to bridge academic and popular conversations in a way that was productive and opened further discussion, as the disconnect between the academic and popular spheres is often damaging to social movements. [End Page 634]This was especially important for solarpunk because of its nature as being built from below. Solarpunk is crowdsourced, having evolved over the years from social media aesthetic to literature to social movement, with few canonical critical texts. Taking into consideration the distributed democratic nature at the heart of solarpunk, the conference aimed to be accessible to the widest array of people possible: in this regard, the conference was incredibly successful. As a remote conference, the event was already more financially and practically accessible than an in-person event. Tickets were available to those across the financial spectrum, with a large percentage of our tickets being pay-what-you-can, or free to those in need; live captioning was provided on the day of, volunteers were available throughout the day to address accessibility concerns, and the ability for attendees to request live translations or other accessibility options was also provided. Further, while still retaining academic integrity and value, the majority of the presentations were legible to the largely non-expert, non-academic audience.The other key goal for the conference was to create a space for conversation and networking between otherwise disconnected members of the solarpunk community. To this end, alongside the Zoom webinars used for presentations, a Discord server was created for attendees that saw consistent engagement, networking, and project sharing, further allowing presenters to engage with attendees after their talks, enabling extended Q+A sessions that otherwise would have not been possible within schedule constraints. This hybrid model between Zoom and Discord proved incredibly effective, allowing for a wide range of interactions, and encouraging the community building and idea sharing that were key to this conference.Throughout the conference, themes of climate grief and the disaffection and despair of late-stage neoliberal capitalism returned to the fore, with speakers positioning solarpunk as a way to combat these negative affects. Mirroring these themes, most speakers emphasized the necessity of direct (solarpunk) action to escape the dystopian long-present of contemporary corpo-capitalism. Perhaps because of these same themes appearing in the movement as a whole, solarpunk is often reduced to an aesthetic of green utopia, which is an unfair stereotype given that many strands of solarpunk thought could be labeled as anti-utopian or in the vein of critical utopian theory. Solarpunk’s explicit aim to imagine sociopolitical and economic realities beyond late-stage capitalist neoliberalism requires it to divest from what Lauren Berlant calls “stupid optimism”—“the faith that adjustment to certain forms or practices [End Page 635] of living and thinking... will secure one’s happiness” (2011, 126). Solarpunk rejects classical utopian picturing of a future world that operates according to the logics of the present, which in turn have been shaped by the (often racist, sexist, and classist) logics of the past (cf. Williams 2018; Kroon 2021). It is also important to note that solarpunk does not adhere to a singular vision of the future but instead acknowledges the biodiversity of nonhuman nature and the diversity of the human experience, and so encourages multiple futures that serve the peoples and lands on which they rest.The conference began with opening remarks by one of the organizers, Lindsay Jane, followed by a land acknowledgment by Cheryle Chagnon-Greyeyes, traditional knowledge-keeper and Indigenous activist from Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan, Treaty Six. Chagnon-Greyeyes welcomed participants in nehiyaw (Cree), acknowledging her location in Mohkinstsis (Calgary, Alberta) and the Indigenous nations there, and reminding attendees to think about their connection to the land that they were on. She shared a teaching... (shrink)

For successful goal-directed behavior, a performance monitoring system is essential. It detects behavioral errors and initiates behavioral adaptations to improve performance. Two electrophysiological potentials are known to follow errors in reaction time tasks: the error-related negativity, which is linked to error processing, and the error positivity, which is associated with subjective error awareness. Furthermore, the correct-related negativity is linked to uncertainty about the response outcome. Here we attempted to identify the involvement of the nucleus accumbens in the aforementioned performance monitoring (...) processes. To this end, we simultaneously recorded cortical activity and local field potentials during a flanker task performed by four patients with severe opioid abuse disorder who underwent electrode implantation in the NAc for deep brain stimulation. We observed significant accuracy-related modulations in the LFPs at the time of the ERN/CRN in two patients and at the time of Pe in three patients. These modulations correlated with the ERN in 2/8, with CRN in 5/8 and with Pe in 6/8, recorded channels, respectively. Our results demonstrate the functional interrelation of striatal and cortical processes in performance monitoring specifically related to error processing and subjective error awareness. (shrink)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae three positive transcriptional control elements are activated by stress conditions: heat shock elements (HSEs), stress response elements (STREs) and AP‐1 responsive elements (AREs). HSEs bind heat shock transcription factor (HSF), which is activated by stress conditions causing accumulation of abnormal proteins. STREs mediate transcriptional activation by multiple stress conditions. They are controlled by high osmolarity via the HOG signal pathway, which comprises a MAP kinase module and a two‐component system homologous to prokaryotic signal transducers. AREs (...) bind the transcription factor Yap1p. The three types of control elements seem to have overlapping, but distinct functions. Some stress proteins encoded by HSE‐regulated genes are necessary for growth of yeast under moderate stress, products of STRE‐activated genes appear to be important for survival under severe stress and ARE‐controlled genes may mainly function during oxidative stress and in the response to toxic conditions, such as caused by heavy metal ions. (shrink)

We provide a short review on the recent and near-future developments of computational processing of emotion in the voice, highlighting self-learning of representations moving continuously away from traditional expert-crafted or brute-forced feature representations to end-to-end learning, a movement towards the coupling of analysis and synthesis of emotional voices to foster better mutual understanding, weakly supervised learning at a large scale, transfer learning from related domains such as speech recognition or cross-modal transfer learning, and reinforced learning through interactive applications at a (...) large scale. For each of these trends, we shortly explain their implications and potential use such as for interpretation in psychological studies and usage in digital health and digital psychology applications. We also discuss further potential development. (shrink)

This collection of writings by Gunther Schuller--the first composer to be awarded the Elise L. Stoeger Composer's Chair of the Chamber Society of Lincoln Center--provides a marvelous introduction to the man and his extraordinary range of musical experience, taste, and learning. In Part I, "Jazz and the Third Stream," Schuller offers his reflections on jazz, insightful pieces on such figures as Duke Ellington, Cecil Taylor, and Sonny Rollins, and several essays on "the third stream," the genre where jazz (...) and classical music intersect. Part II, "Music Performance and Contemporary Music," includes articles on the art of conducting, the future of opera, the question of a new classicism, and Schuller's own thoughts on his controversial opera The Visitation. The final section, "Music Aesthetics and Education," presents Schuller's reflections on such matters as form, structure, and symbol in music; the need for broadening the audience for quality music; and his vision of the ideal conservatory and the total musician. (shrink)

Composer, conductor, educator, jazz critic, and horn virtuoso, Gunther Schuller here brings together his writings on music. There are numerous articles about jazz, dealing with his favourite figures like Duke Ellington and Ornette Coleman, and also Schuller's concept of the 'Third Stream', the area where jazz and concert music intersect. Other sections deal with the composition and performance of contemporary music, musical education, and musical aesthetics.

Die thematisch breit gefächerte Reihe umfasst Schriften zur Kunst- und Bildwissenschaft, Kulturgeschichte und Philosophie.

Carl Schmitt ist ein beruhmter Jurist und politischer Denker des 20. Jahrhunderts, gleichermassen umstritten wie wirkungsmachtig. Seine Schriften sind bekannt, Zeugnisse zu den Stationen seines Lebens, die zum Verstandnis der Werke notwendig sind, dagegen erst zum Teil. Die Tagebucher Carl Schmitts aus den Jahren 1930 bis 1934 zeigen einen zutiefst ambivalenten Menschen: selbstbewusster Ehrgeiz und Hochstimmung uber das Erreichte, dann wieder Selbstzweifel und Depressionen; konzentriertes Arbeiten an zum Teil epochemachenden Aufsatzen, Vortragen und Buchern, abgelost von Phasen der hilflosen Inaktivitat; peinlich (...) genaue Erfullung seiner vielfaltigen Pflichten als Hochschullehrer neben ausgedehntem Gasthausbesuch und starkem Weinkonsum; sein Leben als glucklicher Ehemann und Vater zugleich mit erotischen Abenteuern und Leidenschaften. Besonders auffallend und zum Teil bedruckend ist das Nebeneinander von Hochachtung und Herzlichkeit gegenuber Juden und Katholiken und dann wieder von bis zum Hass gehender tief sitzender Abneigung. Hinzu kommen die Versuche, bis zum letzten Moment an der Verhinderung einer nationalsozialistischen Regierung mitzuwirken, und intensive, sogar teilweise begeisterte Mitarbeit nach deren Machtantritt, wobei dennoch immer wieder Zweifel aufkommen. Carl Schmitts Tagebucher umfassen ein reiches Panorama des politischen, akademischen, kunstlerischen und geistigen Lebens vor allem im Berlin der Endphase der Weimarer Republik und der beginnenden NS-Herrschaft, mit einer Fulle von Ereignissen und Personen aus der politischen und akademischen Welt, besonders aus dem Umkreis der "Konservativen Revolution," kaum aus dem nationalsozialistischen. Die Ausgabe bietet den annotierten Text der Tagebucher selbst, ubertragen aus den Gabelsberger Kurzschrift-Aufzeichnungen, dazu umfangreiche zu ihnen gehorende Notizen mit Betrachtungen und Hinweisen zu den Ereignissen sowie zu Carl Schmitts begleitender Lekture. Der Hauptzweck der Ausgabe liegt in der Bereitstellung des Materials fur eine weitere Aufhellung entscheidender Jahre des Wirkens von Carl Schmitt. Insbesondere mussen sie mit seinen wissenschaftlichen und publizistischen Arbeiten und den zahlreichen Briefwechseln zusammengesehen werden, die mehr und mehr veroffentlicht werden. Endgultig eingeordnet werden konnen sie dann, wenn ahnliche, sich selbst nicht schonende Lebenszeugnisse von anderen Zeitgenossen zuganglich sind. Auch insofern stehen sie jetzt einzig da.". (shrink)

« Dem Namenlosen fühl ich mich vertrauter… »R. M. Rilke : Fortschritt Bien que les fragments des Âges du monde, promesses pour toujours inaccomplies d’un chef-d’œuvre de la période médiane de F. W. J. von Schelling, comptent parmi les écrits les plus populaires du philosophe de Leonberg, leur puissance philosophique et, par suite, leur importance dans la formation de la pensée schellingienne sont souvent sous-estimées par l’historiographie philosophique en général et par la réception francoph...

Abstract:ABSTRACTOn January 12, 2010, an earthquake in Haiti sent shockwaves across the world, triggering an unprecedented international response. In the months that followed, international news, legal, development, human rights, and solidarity agencies highlighted the issue of gender-based violence, which has by all accounts increased since the earthquake. Despite activists' nuanced understanding and efforts, official responses have been inadequate while reproducing troubling, albeit familiar, discourses that tend to trigger either denial or demonization. This article aims to address this situation by offering (...) necessary context, grounding violence in Haitian women's own analyses, before and after the earthquake. To understand the narratives and realities Haitian women face, it is critical to first understand structural violence, the long-term, often invisible system of inequality and poverty and how structural violence intersects with intersectionality, the multiple forms of oppression based on distinct but overlapping identities, such as of race, class, gender, sexuality, age, and parental status. As in other contexts, these pre-existing gender inequalities rendered Haitian women more vulnerable to disasters. Through the testimonies and lived realities of Haitian women, this article highlights the continuities and argues for the need for intersectional interventions grounded in Haitian women's own lived experiences and priorities. (shrink)