Results for 'Douglas N. Kutach'

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  1. The entropy theory of counterfactuals.Douglas N. Kutach - 2002 - Philosophy of Science 69 (1):82-104.
    I assess the thesis that counterfactual asymmetries are explained by an asymmetry of the global entropy at the temporal boundaries of the universe, by developing a method of evaluating counterfactuals that includes, as a background assumption, the low entropy of the early universe. The resulting theory attempts to vindicate the common practice of holding the past mostly fixed under counterfactual supposition while at the same time allowing the counterfactual's antecedent to obtain by a natural physical development. Although the theory has (...)
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  2. Time travel and consistency constraints.Douglas N. Kutach - 2003 - Philosophy of Science 70 (5):1098-1113.
    The possibility of time travel, as permitted in General Relativity, is responsible for constraining physical fields beyond what laws of nature would otherwise require. In the special case where time travel is limited to a single object returning to the past and interacting with itself, consistency constraints can be avoided if the dynamics is continuous and the object's state space satisfies a certain topological requirement: that all null-homotopic mappings from the state-space to itself have some fixed point. Where consistency constraints (...)
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  3.  49
    (1 other version)Shlomo Sternberg. Curvature in Mathematics and Physics. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 2012. ISBN 978-0-486-47855-5. Pp. ii + 405. [REVIEW]Douglas Kutach - 2013 - Philosophia Mathematica (1):nkt037.
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  4.  39
    The Sequential Principle of Relative Culpability: Douglas N. Husak.Douglas N. Husak - 1995 - Legal Theory 1 (4):493-518.
    A rational defense of the criminal law must provide a comprehensive theory of culpability. A comprehensive theory of culpability must resolve several difficult issues; in this article I will focus on only one. The general problem arises from the lack of a systematic account of relative culpability. An account of relative culpability would identify and defend a set of considerations to assess whether, why, under what circumstances, and to what extent persons who perform a criminal act with a given culpable (...)
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  5.  29
    Logical Dialogue-games and Fallacies.Douglas N. Walton - 1984 - Lanham, Md. : University Press of America.
  6.  20
    Review of Douglas N. Husak: Drugs and Rights[REVIEW]Douglas N. Husak - 1994 - Ethics 104 (3):645-648.
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  7.  84
    Fundamentals of Critical Argumentation.Douglas N. Walton - 2005 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Fundamentals of Critical Argumentation presents the basic tools for the identification, analysis, and evaluation of common arguments for beginners. The book teaches by using examples of arguments in dialogues, both in the text itself and in the exercises. Examples of controversial legal, political, and ethical arguments are analyzed. Illustrating the most common kinds of arguments, the book also explains how to evaluate each kind by critical questioning. Douglas Walton shows how arguments can be reasonable under the right dialogue conditions (...)
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  8.  57
    Enthymemes, common knowledge, and plausible inference.Douglas N. Walton - 2001 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 34 (2):93-112.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Philosophy and Rhetoric 34.2 (2001) 93-112 [Access article in PDF] Enthymemes, Common Knowledge, and Plausible Inference Douglas Walton The study of enthymemes has always been regarded as important in logic, critical thinking, and rhetoric, but too often it is the formal or mechanistic aspect of it that has been in the forefront. This investigation will show that there is a kind of plausibilistic script-based reasoning, of a kind (...)
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  9. What is reasoning? What is an argument?Douglas N. Walton - 1990 - Journal of Philosophy 87 (8):399-419.
    In redefining logic, philosophers need to go back to the Aristotelian roots of the subject, to expand the boundaries of the subject to include informal logic and to give up false oppositions between informal and formal logic.
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  10.  14
    Argument Structure: A Pragmatic Theory.Douglas N. Walton - 1996 - Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press.
    William Baird collection in Social Sciences is the gift of the Estate of William Cameron Baird.
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  11. Critical faults and fallacies of questioning.Douglas N. Walton - 1991 - Journal of Pragmatics 15:337--366.
  12. Paternalism and autonomy.Douglas N. Husak - 1981 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 10 (1):27-46.
  13.  89
    Witness testimony evidence: argumentation, artificial intelligence, and law.Douglas N. Walton - 2008 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Recent work in artificial intelligence has increasingly turned to argumentation as a rich, interdisciplinary area of research that can provide new methods related to evidence and reasoning in the area of law. Douglas Walton provides an introduction to basic concepts, tools and methods in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence as applied to the analysis and evaluation of witness testimony. He shows how witness testimony is by its nature inherently fallible and sometimes subject to disastrous failures. At the same time (...)
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  14. Why punish the deserving?Douglas N. Husak - 1992 - Noûs 26 (4):447-464.
  15.  40
    Games, graphs and circular arguments.Douglas N. Walton & Lynn M. Batten - 1984 - Logique Et Analyse 106 (6):133-164.
  16.  15
    Goods and Virtues.Douglas N. Walton - 1986 - Noûs 20 (2):263-268.
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  17. Informal Logic: A Pragmatic Approach.Douglas N. Walton - 2008 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Second edition of the introductory guidebook to the basic principles of constructing sound arguments and criticising bad ones. Non-technical in approach, it is based on 186 examples, which Douglas Walton, a leading authority in the field of informal logic, discusses and evaluates in clear, illustrative detail. Walton explains how errors, fallacies, and other key failures of argument occur. He shows how correct uses of argument are based on sound strategies for reasoned persuasion and critical responses. This edition takes into (...)
     
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  18. Question-Reply Argumentation.Douglas N. Walton - 1992 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 25 (1):79-82.
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  19. Argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning.Douglas N. Walton - 1996 - Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
    This book identifies 25 argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning and matches a set of critical questions to each.
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  20.  27
    Supererogation.Douglas N. Walton - 1985 - Noûs 19 (2):284-288.
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  21. Begging the Question: Circular Reasoning as a Tactic of Argumentation.Douglas N. Walton - 1995 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 28 (2):171-175.
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  22. Arguments from Ignorance.Douglas N. Walton - 1997 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 30 (1):97-101.
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  23.  38
    The Place of Emotion in Argument.Douglas N. Walton - 1992 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
    Appeals to emotion—pity, fear, popular sentiment, and _ad hominem_ attacks—are commonly used in argumentation. Instead of dismissing these appeals as fallacious wherever they occur, as many do, Walton urges that each use be judged on its merits. He distinguished three main categories of evaluation. First, is it reasonable, even if not conclusive, as an argument? Second, is it weak and therefore open to critical questioning for argument? And third, is it fallacious? The third category is a strong charge that incurs (...)
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  24.  8
    Plausible Argument in Everyday Conversation.Douglas N. Walton - 1992 - SUNY Press.
    This book provides a practical and accessible way of evaluating good and bad arguments used in everyday conversations by applying normative models of dialectical (interactive) argumentation, where two parties reason together in an orderly and cooperative way. Using case studies, the author analyzes correct and incorrect uses of argumentation on controversial issues that engage the reader's interest while illustrating points in a practical way. Walton gives clear explanations of the most common errors and tricky deceptions -- traditionally called "fallacies" -- (...)
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  25.  61
    (1 other version)New directions in the logic of dialogue.Douglas N. Walton - 1984 - Synthese 58 (2):259 - 274.
  26.  16
    Arguments From Ignorance.Douglas N. Walton - 1995 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
    _Arguments from Ignorance _explores the situations in which the argument from ignorance functions as a respectable form of reasoning and those in which it is indeed fallacious. Douglas Walton draws on everyday conversations on all kinds of practical matters in which the _argumentum ad ignorantiam _is used quite appropriately to infer conclusions. He also discusses the inappropriate use of this kind of argument, referring to various major case studies, including the Salem witchcraft trials, the McCarthy hearings, and the Alger (...)
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  27. Begging the question as a pragmatic fallacy.Douglas N. Walton - 1994 - Synthese 100 (1):95 - 131.
    The aim of this paper is to make it clear how and why begging the question should be seen as a pragmatic fallacy which can only be properly evaluated in a context of dialogue. Included in the paper is a review of the contemporary literature on begging the question that shows the gradual emergence over the past twenty years or so of the dialectical conception of this fallacy. A second aim of the paper is to investigate a number of general (...)
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  28.  69
    Practical Reasoning: Goal-Driven, Knowledge-Based, Action-Guiding Argumentation.Douglas N. Walton - 1990 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    This book is an analysis of the distinctive form of reasoning, called practical reasoning by Aristotle (as opposed to theoretical reasoning), that serves to guide behaviour.
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  29.  16
    Appeal to Popular Opinion.Douglas N. Walton - 1999 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
    Arguments from popular opinion have long been regarded with suspicion, and in most logic textbooks the _ad populum _argument is classified as a fallacy. Douglas Walton now asks whether this negative evaluation is always justified, particularly in a democratic system where decisions are based on majority opinion. In this insightful book, Walton maintains that there is a genuine type of argumentation based on commonly accepted opinions and presumptions that should represent a standard of rational decision-making on important issues, especially (...)
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  30.  31
    Practical Reasoning and the Structure of Fear Appeal Arguments.Douglas N. Walton - 1996 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 29 (4):301 - 313.
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  31.  41
    Relatedness in intensional action chains.Douglas N. Walton - 1979 - Philosophical Studies 36 (2):175 - 223.
  32.  8
    Ignoring Qualifications as a Subfallacy of Hasty Generalization.Douglas N. Walton - 1990 - Logique Et Analyse 33 (29):113.
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  33.  27
    Practical Reasoning.Douglas N. Walton - 1991 - Mind 100 (3):417-418.
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  34.  29
    Philosophical basis of relatedness logic.Douglas N. Walton - 1979 - Philosophical Studies 36 (2):115 - 136.
  35. Already Punished Enough.Douglas N. Husak - 1990 - Philosophical Topics 18 (1):79-99.
  36.  16
    Legal Argumentation and Evidence.Douglas N. Walton - 2002 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
    A leading expert in informal logic, Douglas Walton turns his attention in this new book to how reasoning operates in trials and other legal contexts, with special emphasis on the law of evidence. The new model he develops, drawing on methods of argumentation theory that are gaining wide acceptance in computing fields like artificial intelligence, can be used to identify, analyze, and evaluate specific types of legal argument. In contrast with approaches that rely on deductive and inductive logic and (...)
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  37.  36
    Why Is the 'ad Populum' a Fallacy?Douglas N. Walton - 1980 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 13 (4):264 - 278.
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  38.  9
    Value-Added Measures in Education: What Every Educator Needs to Know.Douglas N. Harris - 2011 - Harvard Education Press.
    _In_ Value-Added Measures in Education_, economist and education researcher Douglas N. Harris takes on one of the most hotly debated topics in education._ Drawing on his extensive work with schools and districts, he sets out to help educators and policy makers understand this innovative approach to assessment. Written in straightforward language and illustrated with actual student achievement data, this essential volume shows how value-added measurement can help schools make better use of their data and discusses the strengths and limitations (...)
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  39.  12
    Goal-based reasoning for argumentation.Douglas N. Walton - 2015 - New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    This book provides an argumentation model for means-end reasoning, a distinctive type of reasoning used for problem-solving gand decision-making. Means-end reasoning is modeled as goal-directed argumentation from an agent's goals and known circumstances, and from an action selected as a means, to a decision to carry out the action. Goal-based reasoning for argumentation provides an argumentation model for this kind of reasoning, showing how it is employed in settings of intelligent deliberation where agents try to collectively arrive at a conclusion (...)
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  40. The philosophy of criminal law: selected essays.Douglas N. Husak - 2010 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Does criminal liability require an act? -- Motive and criminal liability -- The costs to criminal theory of supposing that intentions are irrelevant to permissibility -- Transferred intent -- The nature and justifiability of nonconsummate offenses -- Strict liability, justice, and proportionality -- The sequential principle of relative culpability -- Willful ignorance, knowledge, and the equal culpability thesis : a study of the significance of the principle of legality -- Rapes without rapists : consent and reasonable mistake -- Mistake of (...)
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  41. (1 other version)Jon Elster, Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction, and Human Behavior Reviewed by.Douglas N. Husak - 2000 - Philosophy in Review 20 (1):19-21.
     
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  42.  23
    On Defining Death: An Analytic Study of the Concept of Death in Philosophy and Medical Ethics.Douglas N. Walton - 1979 - Mcgill-Queen's University Press.
    In this book, Douglas Walton examines the philosophical nature of two issues currently associated with medical ethics. In order to work towards an analysis of the concept of death that could function as a target towards which the medical criteria of death could be directed, he proposes the foundations for a theory free of logical contradictions, paradoxes, and other perplexities. This is the "superlimiting theory" which introduces the notion of a "possible person." The connection of these philosophical ideas with (...)
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  43.  14
    Argumentation and Fallacies.Douglas N. Walton - 1988 - Philosophie Et Culture: Actes du XVIIe Congrès Mondial de Philosophie 5:373-381.
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  44.  53
    Abductive Reasoning.Douglas N. Walton - 2004 - Tuscaloosa, AL, USA: University Alabama Press.
    This book examines three areas in which abductive reasoning is especially important: medicine, science, and law. The reader is introduced to abduction and shown how it has evolved historically into the framework of conventional wisdom in logic. Discussions draw upon recent techniques used in artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of multi-agent systems and plan recognition, to develop a dialogue model of explanation. Cases of causal explanations in law are analyzed using abductive reasoning, and all the components are finally brought (...)
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  45. Omissions, causation and liability.Douglas N. Husak - 1980 - Philosophical Quarterly 30 (121):318-326.
  46. Dialogue theory for critical thinking.Douglas N. Walton - 1989 - Argumentation 3 (2):169-184.
    A general outline of a theory of reasoned dialogue is presented as an underlying basis of critical analysis of a text of argument discourse. This theory is applied to the analysis of informal fallacies by showing how textual evidence can be brought to bear in argument reconstruction. Several basic types of dialogue are identified and described, but the persuasive type of dialogue is emphasized as being of key importance to critical thinking theory.
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  47.  8
    Political Violence.Douglas N. Husak - 1978 - Noûs 12 (2):221-225.
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  48. Drugs and Rights.Douglas N. Husak - 1992 - Cambridge University Press.
    This important book was the first serious work of philosophy to address the question: Do adults have a moral right to use drugs for recreational purposes? Many critics of the 'war on drugs' denounce law enforcement as counterproductive and ineffective. Douglas Husak argues that the 'war on drugs' violates the moral rights of adults who want to use drugs for pleasure, and that criminal laws against such use are incompatible with moral rights. This is not a polemical tract but (...)
     
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  49. Legal paternalism.Douglas N. Husak - 2003 - In Hugh LaFollette (ed.), The Oxford Hndbk of Practical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press UK. pp. 387--388.
  50.  15
    Relevance in Argumentation.Douglas N. Walton - 2004 - Routledge.
    Vol. presents a method for critically evaluating relevance in arguments based on case studies & a new relevance theory incorporating techniques of argumentation theory, logic & artificiaI intelligence. For scholars/students in argumentation & rhetoric.
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