El presente artículo trata de presentar la edición que el Prof. Manuel Barrios Casares ha llevado a cabo del texto de Hugo Ball sobre Nietzsche, redactado en un principio en el marco de un proyecto de tesis doctoral entre 1909 y 1910. A la traducción y anotación del texto antecede un extenso prólogo sumamente interesante para su comprensión y contextualización. Hugo Ball, promotor del dadaísmo y amigo de Kandinsky, plasma en el texto el clima intelectual de la recepción del pensamiento (...) de Nietzsche entre las vanguardias artísticas europeas de principios del siglo XX. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone analizar los planteamientos de Nietzsche sobre la función cultural de la justicia y del derecho en el desarrollo de la civilización occidental, vinculados en su obra al análisis genealógico de la moral. Se explican la centralidad de la obediencia a la ley en el paso de los seres humanos de su estado natural a su condición de seres de cultura y la función de esa imposición de la ley en la posibilidad de la vida en sociedad; (...) y se exponen las razones de la defensa nietzscheana de la justicia y el derecho como fuerzas socialmente configuradoras y estructurantes. Se analizan seguidamente las razones de su rechazo a las propuestas anarquistas y antisemitas que sitúan el origen de la justicia en la venganza y el resentimiento, y se expone la relación interna entre derecho y voluntad de poder. Se concluye, por último, con la crítica de Nietzsche a la concepción y práctica del derecho en su concepción moderna. (shrink)

Partiendo de la hermenéutica metódica de Schleiemacher y de la tipología de las concepciones del mundo de Dilthey, se reflexiona, sobre todo en compañía de Paul Ricoeur, acerca del método mas adecuado de comprender e interpretar las obras filosóficas.

El presente artículo busca el papel de Don Quijote, el héroe de la literatura española, en el conocimiento de Miguel de Unamuno y José Ortega y Gasset. Para Unamuno, Don Quijote es la figura trágica de la libertad, o lo que es lo mismo, el héroe fragmentado por sí mismo: el héroe trágico que simboliza el espíritu de la fe frente al espíritu prosaico común del mundo. Por otra parte, Don Quijote significa para Ortega la afirmación de la vida por (...) la cultura, la función vital del héroe como un órgano de libertad. (shrink)

This article develops a phenomenological hermeneutics of the relationship between history, meaning, existence, and eternity, on the basis afforded by Jan Patocka’s philosophy of history. First, it outlines the notions of meaning and history. Second, it attempts to make clear the degree in which one can find in the constitution of human existence the condition of possibility for a problematic and concurrent meaning of history. Finally, “existence in truth” is analized as the result of a correlation between existentiality and eternity, (...) and the interpellation of eternity is understood as the ultimate origin of meaning. (shrink)

The peculiarity of the Nietschean notion of the will to power is his definition as an activity of continuous opposition of forces by which the living organizes itself in relations of dominance and obedience, trying not only to preserve itself but, above all, to overcome itself. This is the very politics of life that governs the processes of individuation, the conquest of freedom and cultural creativity that makes us advance and rise to higher forms of existence. This article tries to (...) clarify in what sense the originality of the Nietzschean Grosse Politik lies in the attempt to develop the way in which impulse psychophysiology allows to reformulate the transvaluation and elevation of the human type and culture. The inspiration in Plato of this project is analyzed, the counterpoint that the ethical-political approaches of Kant and Hegel represent for him, and the aporias of its practical implantation against the modern democratic systems with which Nietzsche debates. (shrink)

A processualistic approach is offered in the study of that thinking giving rise to modernism from the historical cultural context in which the phenomenon has arisen and evolves. Built upon two opposing forces, it has collapsed after various centuries of development. Modernism is thus called to heroism and must regenerate, availing itself of its best of qualities: critical thinking, reflection and rational dialogue.

This essay aims to show that a phenomenological account of animal behavior can shed light on an ethological approach to alterity, and vice versa. The interface between ethology and phenomenology–which, as it is argued, is intelligible only with reference to a shared dimension of affection–is framed by means of the phenomenological concept of intentionality, which appears as a generative force of the organism, its behavior and surrounding world. This means that intentionality does not shape stable structures, but plastic and dynamic (...) processes that bound both the genesis of an organism and its surrounding world. Formation is thus understood as an epigenetic development, which suggests that natural forms are the result of a movement that goes from the general to the particular, from the most broad and regular structures of experience, to the multifarious proliferation of perspectives. (shrink)

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objeto el estudio de la legislación penal en la República de Colombia desde 1890 hasta la actualidad con la ley 599 de 2000, este último conocido como el vigente Código Penal. Lo anterior, conforme a la siguiente pregunta problémica ¿se ha dado un desarrollo oportuno de la legislación penal colombiana que otorgue soluciones fehacientes a las necesidades de una política criminal sólida desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad? Con ello, se pretende analizar las (...) diversas escuelas que han influido en los legisladores a la promulgación y tipificación de los delitos y sus penas en el marco jurídico penal colombiano. Se destaca ante todo, el análisis que a lo largo del desarrollo del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano abarca el contexto constitucional, doctrinal y jurisprudencial, los cuales, han logrado evidenciar el carácter de un óptimo “derecho penal” a lo largo del contexto histórico del país en mención. Se destaca así, la gran influencia de las Escuelas Clásica, Positivista y Finalista, que a hoy han venido a establecerse con fuerza en Colombia a lo largo de su codificación, desde 1980 hasta la actual ley 599 del año 2000. (shrink)

Abstract“The Book of Secrets in the Results of Ideas”, usually called “The Book of Secrets” is a codex containing drawings and descriptions of thirty-one artifacts attributed to the engineer Alī Ibn Khalaf al-Murādī, who lived in Andalusia in southern Spain at the beginning of the 11th century. This manuscript is one of the first written testimonies that describe medieval mechanisms with complex precision. The aim of this work is to reconstruct and study from a historical and technological point of view (...) two of the ancient artifacts contained in the “Book of Secrets”, the “Fortress Demolisher” and the “Magic Well”. The “Fortress Demolisher” is a war machine designed to demolish the upper part of the walls or towers and consists of a battering ram mounted on a platform that can be raised several meters above the ground using a scissor mechanism. The “Magic Well” is a mechanism with several pulleys whose purpose is to raise water several meters from the bottom of a well by collecting a small portion of rope. To reconstruct the two artifacts, a digital model and a detailed study of the geometry and operation of the mechanisms, were first carried out. 3D printing, using the Fused Deposition Modelling technology, made the physical reproduction. The digitization and physical reproduction by 3D printing of the mechanisms represent an update of the traditional ways of transmitting knowledge. The use of these new technologies makes the knowledge more accessible, understandable and attractive. (shrink)

This paper seeks to highlight the French philosopher Michel Foucault's contributions regarding his analysis of power. In this sense, the text proposes a conceptual transition around the ideas that could have interested the author within a digital context, integrating some notes and examples from the 2019 Chilean mobilizations.The article has an initial section that exposes genealogy as a way of approaching social reality. Then, it shows the social behaviors anticipation possibilities and their relationship with the information available on the web. (...) Later, it renders an account of the algorithmic governmentality notion as a key to reading it in both normative structure and a political possibility to final state reflections. (shrink)

La gestación subrogada se ha convertido en los últimos años en un tema de radical actualidad en nuestras sociedades. Son muchas las personas que en los países ricos han aprovechado las nuevas posibilidades de utilizar un “vientre de alquiler” para alcanzar sus anhelos de paternidad o maternidad. No obstante, esta práctica atenta a menudo contra la dignidad de la mujer portadora, sostenida sobre un principio de autonomía basado en un ficticio libre consentimiento propio de la bioética neoliberal, ciego por otro (...) lado al principio bioético de justicia. (shrink)

Background The birth plan is a tool that allows the self-learning and thoughtful analysis of the women during the birthing process, facilitating their making of decisions and participation, in agreement with the bioethical principles of autonomy and no malfeasance. Goal: To understand the perception and satisfaction of women who presented a birth plan. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study. The population of the study was composed of 21 women who presented a birth plan regulated in a Hospital ever (...) since the recording of the presentation of the birth plan was started until 2015. Place: Cartagena. Techniques/methods: Semistructured interview. Results-Discussion: Most women considered the plan as a useful self-learning tool on the meaning of the birthing process, as it favored the communication between the expectant mothers/health professionals. Our informants sought information related to the birthing process from informal sources; most perceived a level of respect of their wishes during the process of giving birth. The use of the birth plan did not imply the perception of loss of the degree of control during the birth, although attention to the written document could be improved. Conclusions The use of the birth plan is a very satisfactory and useful experience for their involvement in their self-care, although in some cases, the births did not proceed according to their plans. Nevertheless, the prevalence of the principle of Non-Malfeasance over Autonomy was evidenced. (shrink)

Background:The decision whether to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation may sometimes be ethically complex. While studies have addressed some of these issues, along with the role of nurses in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, most have not considered the importance of nurses acting as advocates for their patients with respect to cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Research objective:To explore what the nurse’s advocacy role is in cardiopulmonary resuscitation from the perspective of patients, relatives, and health professionals in the Basque Country (Spain).Research design:An exploratory critical qualitative study was conducted from (...) October 2015 to March 2016. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Participants:Four discussion groups were held: one with patients and relatives (n = 8), two with nurses (n = 7 and n = 6, respectively), and one with physicians (n = 5).Ethical considerations:Approval was obtained from the Basque Country Clinical Research Ethics Committee.Findings:Three significant themes were identified: (a) accompanying patients during end of life in a context of medical dominance, (b) maintaining the pact of silence, and (c) yielding to legal uncertainty and concerns.Discussion:The values and beliefs of the actors involved, as well as pre-established social and institutional rules reduced nurses’ advocacy to that of intermediaries between the physician and the family within the hospital environment. On the contrary, in primary health care, nurses participated more actively within the interdisciplinary team.Conclusion:This study provides key information for the improvement and empowerment for ethical nursing practice in a cardiac arrest, and provides the perspective of patients and relatives, nurses and physicians. (shrink)

BackgroundComorbidity between diabetes mellitus and depression is highly prevalent. The risk of depression in a person with diabetes is approximately twice that of a person without this disease. Depression has a major impact on patient well-being and control of diabetes. However, despite the availability of effective and specific therapeutic interventions for the treatment of depression in people with diabetes, 50% of patients do not receive psychological treatment due to insufficient and difficult accessibility to psychological therapies in health systems. The use (...) of information and communication technologies has therefore been proposed as a useful tool for the delivery of psychological interventions, but it continues to be a field in which scientific evidence is recent and controversial. This systematic review aims to update the available information on the efficacy of psychological interventions delivered through ICTs to improve depressive symptomatology in patients with diabetes.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed following the PRISMA guidelines and using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases to search for randomized clinical trials of eHealth treatments for patients with diabetes and comorbid depression from 1995 through 2020. In addition, studies related to follow-up appointments were identified. Inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized clinical trials ; patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes; adult population over 18 years of age; presence of depressive symptomatology assessed with standardized instruments; treatments for depression based on established psychotherapeutic techniques and principles; delivered through eHealth technologies. We did not limit severity of depressive symptomatology, delivery setting or comparison group. Two coauthors independently reviewed the publications identified for inclusion and extracted data from the included studies. A third reviewer was involved to discuss discrepancies found. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality of the RCTs. No meta-analysis of the results was performed. The protocol used for this review is available in PROSPERO.ResultsThe initial search identified 427 relevant scientific publications. After removing duplicates and ineligible citations, a total of 201 articles were analyzed in full text. Ten articles met the criteria of this review and were included, obtaining very good scientific quality after evaluation with the PEDro scale. The main results show that the eHealth psychological intervention for depression in patients with diabetes showed beneficial effects both at the end of treatment and in the short and long term for the improvement of depressive symptomatology. The methodology used was very heterogeneous. However, all studies were based on cognitive-behavioral tools and used standardized assessment instruments to evaluate depressive symptomatology or diagnosis of MDD. Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin, but no benefits were found in improving glycemic control. Only four studies included psychoeducational content on diabetes and depression, but none used tools to improve or enhance adherence to medical prescriptions or diabetes self-care.ConclusionsICT-based psychological interventions for the treatment of depression in people with diabetes appear to be effective in reducing depressive symptomatology but do not appear to provide significant results with regard to glycemic control. Nonetheless, the scientific evidence reported to date is still very limited and the methodology very diverse. In addition, no studies have implemented these systems in routine clinical practice, and no studies are available on the economic analysis of these interventions. Future research should focus on studying and including new tools to ensure improvements in diabetes outcomes and not only on psychological well-being in order to advance knowledge about these treatments. Economic evaluations should also be undertaken to analyze whether these treatment programs implemented using eHealth technologies are cost-effective. (shrink)

Resumo O propósito deste artigo é mostrar a contribuição de Nietzsche à revolução nas práticas da encenação que ocorreram no Século XX, bem como sua relevância como crítico apaixonado pelo potencial de uma forma de arte que ele sentia que era interpretada em sua época de forma diminuída. A partir de seu estudo do teatro grego na obraO nascimento da tragédia, sublinha a importância da encenação na tragédia antiga, a qual estava para além do texto escrito por seu autor. Oferece (...) com isso uma análise da ideia de teatro como arte, a qual é consubstancial realizar-se em três dimensões: a do ator, a do poeta ou escritor do texto e a do espectador. Nietzsche defende a especificidade desses três papéis para toda realização teatral e o sentido filosófico que tem o teatro como autêntica forma artística. Conclui-se o artigo mostrando a recepção do pensamento teatral de Nietzsche em autores como August Strindberg, George Bernard Shaw e Eugene O'Neill, que buscarão novas formas e novos significados para sua arte.The purpose of this article is to show the contribution of Nietzsche to the revolution in the practices of the scenario that takes place in the 20th century, as well as its relevance as a passionate critic for the potential of an art form that he felt was interpreted in his time in a diminished way. From his study of Greek theater in his workThe Birth of Tragedy,he underlines the importance that in the ancient tragedy had its staging, and that went beyond the text written by its author. It offers therefore an analysis of the idea of theater as art, which is consubstantial in three dimensions: the actor, the poet or writer of the text and the viewer. Nietzsche defends the specificity of these three roles for every theatrical enterprise and the philosophical sense that theater has as an authentic artistic form. The article concludes by showing the acceptance of Nietzsche's theatrical thought in authors such as August Strindberg, George Bernard Shaw or Eugene O'Neill, who sought new forms and new meanings for their art. (shrink)

Resumo:o artigo analisa a recepção do pensamento de Nietzsche na Espanha nos últimos quarenta anos, mostrando as muitas vertentes pelas quais a obra do filósofo foi lida e as muitas influências que ela exerceu, como na política, na estética e nas artes. Num primeiro momento, a análise apresenta muitos autores que leram Nietzsche e mostra como a cada momento as ideias do filósofo eram invocadas em busca de renovação, sejam elas morais, estéticas ou políticas. Num segundo momento, traz à luz (...) os estudos acadêmicos e a diversidade de temas da filosofia nietzschiana neles abordados.:The article analyses the reception of Nietzsche's thought in Spain in the last forty years, showing the several ways by which the philosopher's work was read and the many influences that he carried out, such as in politics, in aesthetics and in the arts. In a first moment, the analysis presents many authors that read Nietzsche and shows how in each moment the philosopher's ideas were invoked in search of renewal, whether moral, aesthetic or politic. In a second moment, it brings into light the academic studies and the diversity of subjects form the nietzschean philosophy considered in them. (shrink)

Resumo: As elites econômicas intervieram historicamente no sistema educacional chileno e, nos últimos tempos, consolidaram sua posição no quadro da extrema privatização promovida pela reforma neoliberal. O poder corporativo na educação aparece hoje como um poder paraestatal que afeta a organização e os rumos que os sistemas educacionais tomam, no atual contexto de globalização capitalista. No Chile, o princípio constitucional da liberdade de ensino permitiu a organização de um mercado educacional, que finalmente reproduz o poder da elite sobre o próprio (...) sistema. No contexto de apresentação de propostas para uma nova constituição, o poder corporativo se mostra próprio. Quais são os principais elementos que defende nesta conjuntura? Como é possível estabelecer limites? Palavras Chave: Educação Pública; Debate Constitucional; Poder Corporativo; Reforma Educacional Neoliberal. Corporate power in the constitutional educational debate in Chile Abstract: Economic elites have historically intervened in the Chilean education system, and in recent times they have consolidated their position in the framework of extreme privatization promoted by the neoliberal reform. Corporate power in education appears today as a parastatal power that affects the organization and meaning taken by educational systems, in the current context of capitalist globalization. In Chile, the constitutional principle of freedom of education has made it possible to organize an educational market, which ultimately reproduces the power of the elite over the system itself. In the context of presenting proposals for a new constitution, corporate power shows its own. What are the main elements you defend at this juncture? How is it possible to set limits on them? Key Words: Public Education; Constitutional Debate; Corporate Power; Neoliberal Education Reform. El poder corporativo en el debate educativo constitucional en Chile Resumen: Las élites económicas han intervenido históricamente en el sistema educativo chileno, y en el último tiempo han consolidado su posición en el marco de extrema privatización promovida por la reforma neoliberal. El poder corporativo en educación aparece hoy como un poder para-estatal que incide en la organización y sentido que toman los sistemas educativos, en el actual contexto de globalización capitalista. En Chile, el principio constitucional de libertad de enseñanza ha permitido organizar un mercado educativo, el cual finalmente reproduce el poder de la élite sobre el propio sistema. En el contexto de presentación de propuestas para una nueva constitución el poder corporativo muestra las suyas. ¿Cuáles son los principales elementos que defienden en esta coyuntura? ¿Cómo es posible ponerles límites? Palabras clave: Educación Pública; Debate Constitucional; Poder Corporativo; Reforma Educativa Neoliberal. Data de registro: 27/06/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

Imagine the following situation: 11 members of a committee must vote for either candidate A or B. The members vote and candidate B loses 6-5. Now imagine a different situation where candidate B als...

This paper presents an experience in developing professional ethics by an approach that integrates knowledge, teaching methodologies and assessment coherently. It has been implemented for students in both the Software Engineering and Computer Engineering degree programs of the Technical University of Madrid, in which professional ethics is studied as a part of a required course. Our contribution of this paper is a model for formative assessment that clarifies the learning goals, enhances the results, simplifies the scoring and can be replicated (...) in other contexts. A quasi-experimental study that involves many of the students of the required course has been developed. To test the effectiveness of the teaching process, the analysis of ethical dilemmas and the use of deontological codes have been integrated, and a scoring rubric has been designed. Currently, this model is also being used to develop skills related to social responsibility and sustainability for undergraduate and postgraduate students of diverse academic context. (shrink)