20 found
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David M. Williams [20]David Monte Williams [1]David Morris Williams [1]
  1.  98
    Affective Determinants of Physical Activity: A Conceptual Framework and Narrative Review.Courtney J. Stevens, Austin S. Baldwin, Angela D. Bryan, Mark Conner, Ryan E. Rhodes & David M. Williams - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    The literature on affective determinants of physical activity is growing rapidly. The present paper aims to provide greater clarity regarding the definition and distinctions among the various affect-related constructs that have been examined in relation to PA. Affective constructs are organized according to the Affect and Health Behavior Framework, including: affective response to PA; incidental affect; affect processing; and affectively charged motivational states. After defining each category of affective construct, we provide examples of relevant research showing how each construct may (...)
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  2.  61
    Relationships between implicit and explicit uncertainty monitoring and mindreading: Evidence from autism spectrum disorder.Toby Nicholson, David M. Williams, Catherine Grainger, Sophie E. Lind & Peter Carruthers - 2019 - Consciousness and Cognition 70:11-24.
  3.  43
    Model-free metacognition.Peter Carruthers & David M. Williams - 2022 - Cognition 225 (C):105117.
  4.  31
    Current Emotion Research in Health Behavior Science.David M. Williams & Daniel R. Evans - 2014 - Emotion Review 6 (3):277-287.
    In the past two to three decades health behavior scientists have increasingly emphasized affect-related concepts (including, but not limited to emotion) in their attempts to understand and facilitate change in important health behaviors, such as smoking, eating, physical activity, substance abuse, and sex. This article provides a narrative review of this burgeoning literature, including relevant theory and research on affective response (e.g., hedonic response to eating and drug use), incidental affect (e.g., work-related stress as a determinant of alcohol use), affect (...)
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  5.  48
    Metacognitive monitoring and control processes in children with autism spectrum disorder: Diminished judgement of confidence accuracy.Catherine Grainger, David M. Williams & Sophie E. Lind - 2016 - Consciousness and Cognition 42:65-74.
  6.  25
    The Exercise–Affect–Adherence Pathway: An Evolutionary Perspective.Harold H. Lee, Jessica A. Emerson & David M. Williams - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7:207868.
    The low rates of regular exercise and overall physical activity (PA) in the general population represent a significant public health challenge. Previous research suggests that, for many people, exercise leads to a negative affective response and, in turn, reduced likelihood of future exercise. The purpose of this paper is to examine this exercise–affect–adherence relationship from an evolutionary perspective. Specifically, we argue that low rates of physical exercise in the general population are a function of the evolved human tendency to avoid (...)
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  7.  42
    Self-referential memory in autism spectrum disorder and typical development: Exploring the ownership effect.Emma Grisdale, Sophie E. Lind, Madeline J. Eacott & David M. Williams - 2014 - Consciousness and Cognition 30:133-141.
  8.  36
    A new cladistics of cladists.Malte C. Ebach, Juan J. Morrone & David M. Williams - 2008 - Biology and Philosophy 23 (1):153-156.
  9. Milestones in Systematics.David M. Williams & Peter L. Forey - 2005 - Journal of the History of Biology 38 (1):165-167.
     
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  10.  76
    Confusion in philosophy: A comment on Williams (1992).David M. Williams, Robert W. Scotland, Christopher J. Humphries & Darrell J. Siebert - 1996 - Synthese 108 (1):127 - 136.
    Patricia Williams made a number of claims concerning the methods and practise of cladistic analysis and classification. Her argument rests upon the distinction of two kinds of hierarchy: a divisional hierarchy depicting evolutionary descent and the Linnean hierarchy describing taxonomic groups in a classification. Williams goes on to outline five problems with cladistics that lead her to the conclusion that systematists should eliminate cladism as a school of biological taxonomy and to replace it either with something that is philosophically coherent (...)
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  11.  1
    Conversational topic maintenance and related cognitive abilities in autistic and neurotypical children.Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Danielle Matthews, Colin Bannard, Joshua Nice, Louise Malkin, David M. Williams & Hobson William - unknown
    Keeping a conversation going is the social glue of friendships. The DSM criteria for autism list difficulties with back-and-forth conversation but does not necessitate that all autistic children will be equally impacted. We carried out three studies (two pre-registered) with verbally-fluent school children (age 5-9 years) to investigate how autistic and neurotypical children maintain a conversation topic. We also investigated within-group relationships between conversational ability and cognitive and socio-cognitive predictors. Study 1 found autistic children were more likely than neurotypical controls (...)
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  12.  31
    What's new for you?: Interlocutor-specific perspective-taking and language interpretation in autistic and neuro-typical children.Kirsten Abbot-Smith, David M. Williams & Danielle Matthews - forthcoming - Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
    Background: Studies have found that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are more likely to make errors in appropriately producing referring expressions (‘the dog’ vs. ‘the black dog’) than are controls but comprehend them with equal facility. We tested whether this anomaly arises because comprehension studies have focused on manipulating perspective-taking at a ‘generic speaker’ level. Method: We compared 24 autistic eight- to eleven-year-olds with 24 well-matched neuro-typical controls. Children interpreted requests (e.g. ‘Can I have that ball?’) in contexts which (...)
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  13.  20
    A devil's glossary for biological systematics.Malte C. Ebach & David M. Williams - 2011 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 33 (2):249.
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  14.  25
    An Outline of the Foundations of Systematics and Biogeography.Malte C. Ebach & David M. Williams - 2007 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 29 (1):87 - 91.
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  15.  12
    Zangerl and the "Zeitgeist".Malte C. Ebach1 & David M. Williams - 2006 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 28 (1):67 - 70.
  16.  52
    A Cladist is a systematist who seeks a natural classification: some comments on Quinn.David M. Williams & Malte C. Ebach - 2018 - Biology and Philosophy 33 (1-2):10.
    In response to Quinn we identify cladistics to be about natural classifications and their discovery and thereby propose to add an eighth cladistic definition to Quinn’s list, namely the systematist who seeks to discover natural classifications, regardless of their affiliation, theoretical or methodological justifications.
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  17. Metacognition may be more impaired than mindreading in autism.David M. Williams, Sophie E. Lind & Francesca Happé - 2009 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (2):162-163.
    This commentary focuses on evidence from autism concerning the relation between metacognition and mindreading. We support Carruthers' rejection of models 1 (independent systems) and 3 (metacognition before mindreading), and provide evidence to strengthen his critique. However, we also present evidence from autism that we believe supports model 2 (one mechanism, two modes of access) over model 4 (mindreading is prior).
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  18.  24
    Cognitive underpinnings of irony understanding in children.Maria Katarzyna Zajączkowska, Kirsten Abbot-Smith & David M. Williams - unknown
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  19.  53
    Adolf Naef (1883–1949): On Foundational Concepts and Principles of Systematic Morphology. [REVIEW]Olivier Rieppel, David M. Williams & Malte C. Ebach - 2013 - Journal of the History of Biology 46 (3):445-510.
    During the early twentieth century, the Swiss Zoologist Adolf Naef (1883–1949) established himself as a leader in German comparative anatomy and higher level systematics. He is generally labeled an ‘idealistic morphologist’, although he himself called his research program ‘systematic morphology’. The idealistic morphology that flourished in German biology during the first half of the twentieth century was a rather heterogeneous movement, within which Adolf Naef worked out a special theoretical system of his own. Following a biographical sketch, we present an (...)
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  20.  20
    How social vs. visual perspective-taking determine the interpretation of linguistic reference by 8-11-year-olds with ASD and age-matched peers. [REVIEW]Kirsten Abbot-Smith, David M. Williams, Danielle Matthews, Lucy Pettifor & Nicola Vince - unknown
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